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been made, perhaps, so often the victim of Yankee hoaxing, that he had grown over-suspicious. However this be, there can be no doubt of Byron's sincerity, for he proved it by a very excellent imitation. Coleridge's Adhesiveness was large and active, which, with his other high endowments, rendered his attachment to friends as free from the taint of selfishness as is, perhaps, permitted to our nature. All familiar with his writings, know his success in describing the softer feelings. It would not be easy to select from any author, ancient or modern, a more thrilling manifestation of this organ, delicately marked as it is by Marvellousness, and illumined by Ideality, than is to be found in the exquisite ballad of "Genevieve." The reader, who may have perused it, will at once recall, by the mere mention of its name, that genial dream of love and beauty. He will remember those six or eight concluding stanzas which so truly paint the first outpouring of a woman's affection, and know that he might turn his ear in vain to all the bards who have ever sung to the like melting notes, which, with so much simplicity, such nice discrimination of the very essence of feminine reserve vanquished by her love, tremble from his harp in the following. The reader is aware the lay had already been sung which aroused the sympathy of the maid, and extorted her weeping confession:

All impulses of soul and sense,

Had thrilled my guiltless Genevieve
The music and the doleful air,
The rich and balmy eve-

And hopes and fears that cherish hope,
An undistinguishable throng,
And gentle wishes long subdued,
Subdued and cherished long.

She wept with pity and delight,

She blushed with love and maiden shame,

And like the murmurs of a dream,
I heard her breathe my name.

Her wet cheek glowed; she step'd aside
As conscious of my look she step'd,
Then suddenly, with a timorous eye,
She flew to me, and wept!

She half enclosed me in her arms,

She pressed me with a meek embrace,
And bending back her head, looked up
And gazed upon my face.

"Twas partly love, and partly fear,
And partly 'twas a bashful art,
That I might rather feel than see,
The swelling of her heart.

There was one great defect in his organisation, not so much a defect perhaps in itself, as in view of his circumstances, of the difficulties that perpetually surrounded him, and the gross injustice with which he was treated by some of his contemporaries. We allude to his small Destructiveness and Combativeness. The size and high cultivation of his moral and intellectual faculties, led him to see the vice of contention, and the folly of resentment, in the abstract, and he constantly strove to introduce the beautiful theories of the closet into the world. A more refined morality, a purer religion, was never cherished, than that carried into even the minutiae of his daily life. Hating no one, he restrained the manifestation of a righteous indignation, and was ever ready to practise upon the sublime principles of Christianity, and return good for evil.

Yet even this magnanimity, this lofty forbearance, could not protect him from the foul calumny and inveterate rancour of those whom, as has justly been observed, the little finger of recrimination might have shivered into dust. But he listened to the injustice of critics and smiled, and when, tempted by impunity, the libeller at length invaded the sanctity of his humble hearth, though he could not but writhe under the wounded sensibility of the husband and father, yet even then he pitied and forgave.

Had his social position been as elevated as his genius, this meekness, this truly Christian spirit, would have shed additional lustre upon all his gifts; but his was the iron destiny. He was one of those who, favoured by nature and frowned on by fortune, seem designed to convince us how little, in the present state of society, the highest endowments have to do with worldly success, when compared with the accidents of birth, or with opulence. For the world, as it is, he was altogether too mild and forbearing. The ruffian is still abroad, and the strong arm of law too weak to arrest, or even to punish the most flagrant violations of private rights, and it must therefore be rather dangerous to tempt the assassin, by pledging ourselves to turn both cheeks whenever he shall choose to attack us.

Amid all his sufferings and disappointments, he projected one great work, from the successful execution of which, he anticipated the happiest results, and around which he gathered his warmest affections, his holiest aspirations, the liveliest interest for the welfare of man, and all the fruits of his profound learning, extensive research, and a life of meditation. Its object was entirely philanthropic. His own wide intercourse with the first intellects of Europe, had convinced him that there was in truth very little settled belief in man's exalted destiny, and that religion, so long disfigured by the grossest superstition, was viewed by many as any thing but the handmaid of another world

He trusted, by a severity of reasoning which no ingenuity could resist, to demonstrate the real capacities of our nature, the truth of revelation, and the immortality of the soul-to rescue the minds of thinking men from the blighting influence of unbelief, and fix their hopes of eternity upon a basis like the mountain rock, sure, safe, and imperishable. This was the warmth of his heart, the manifestation of his large and active Benevolence, and altogether free from the spirit of mere controversy. No man of his day, perhaps, was so well fitted to bring about this beautiful union of religion and philosophy. There was not a doctrine or creed, from Zoroaster's to Swedenborg's, with which he was unacquainted, no system of scepticism, from that of the ancients to Spinoza's, whose arguments he had not weighed, sifted, and matured. But the work was never completed. The leisure and comfort which the wise institutions of society so abundantly afford to thousands of its most useless members, were denied to him, and the philosopher, who ardently longed to serve his fellows, and the man of genius, who wished only to consecrate the gifts of nature to the great cause of truth and human happiness, continued to fritter away his mind in the service of ephemeral magazines for bread

W.

ARTICLE VII.

PATHOLOGICAL FACT, CONFIRMATORY OF PHRENOLOGY.

Dr. Samuel Jackson, Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, communicated, in the year 1829, to the American Medical Recorder,* the following interesting fact on the pathology of the brain. After some general remarks on the importance of a knowledge of the morbid state of the various organs of the body, in order to understand correctly their healthy functions, Dr. Jackson proceeds as follows:

Our knowledge of the encephalic organs is wanting in speciality; general conclusions have been arrived at, through the medium of experiments, of pathological observations, and the study of individual peculiarities. In this way it is known that they are the seats or organs of the intellectual faculties, of sensation, of locomotion, and the expressions; and the general location of these functions is determined with some accuracy. It is a question yet to be decided,

*Volume XVI, page 272.

whether the intellectual and moral faculties have for their various modifications distinct organs, or have the brain as a common organ, in which the different faculties may be displayed. This question is to be mainly resolved, it is most probable, by a careful attention to the intellectual phenomena in a morbid state. In this view, the following case, it appears to me, is deserving to be placed on record.

The Rev. Mr. R., the subject of this case, is aged forty-eight years; he is of the sanguine temperament, ruddy complexion, light-coloured hair and eyes, and has lately manifested a strong tendency to obesity; his health for many years has been excellent; he is not subject to headach, or to any nervous symptoms. His intellectual faculties are of a high order, but have not been as actively employed as formerly, and he has experienced some mental anxiety; his temper is placid, with a disposition bordering on gaiety.

On the 5th of September last, early in the morning, he awoke with headach, after a restless night. He had, the preceding evening, been exposed to the night air, which had lowered in temperature, and perspiration, which was usually copious, received a sudden check. He took some castor oil, which acted freely in a short time, after which he again laid down. About eleven o'clock, the Rev. Mr. H., who resides in the same dwelling, went into his room to inquire respecting his health, and was surprised to find Mr. R. could not answer his questions. Alarmed at this circumstance, he immediately requested me to visit Mr. R.

I found my patient in bed, evidently in the full possession of his senses, but incapable of uttering a word. I examined the tongue, and ascertained it was not paralysed, but could be moved in every direction. All my questions were perfectly comprehended, and answered by signs; and it could be plainly seen, by the smile on the countenance, after many ineffectual attempts to express his ideas, that he was himself surprised and somewhat amused at his peculiar situation.

The face at this time was flushed, the pulse full and somewhat slow, and to my inquiries if he suffered pain in the head, he pointed to the front of his forehead as its seat.

I directed hot water to be brought in a bucket, for a pediluvium, and made preparations to draw blood. Mr. R. exhibited at this time a strong desire to speak, and, after a great many ineffectual efforts, endeavoured to make me comprehend his meaning by signs. Finding I could not understand him, he made a sign that he would write. When furnished with pen and paper, he attempted to convey his meaning, but I saw he could not recall words, and that he had written an unintelligible phrase: it was "Didoes doe the doe."

Forty ounces of blood were drawn from the arm, and before the operation was completed, speech was restored, though a difficulty continued as to the names of things, which could not be recalled. The bleeding and pediluvium produced some faintness, and he was placed in bed.

The loss of speech appearing to recur again, in fifteen minutes, ten ounces more of blood were abstracted, and sinapisms applied to the arms, legs, and thighs, alternately; the skin became moist, and the headach was relieved.

Mr. R. now communicated to me, that when he made the attempt to write, he had intended to inform me he had already used a footbath, and I might see the floor still wet, where the water had been spilled.

The sleep that night was disturbed by uneasiness and throbbing in the head, which disappeared in the course of the sixth, and no further return of the affection has occurred.

In an analysis of this case, we are presented with the following facts: 1st, Sudden suppression of the cutaneous transpiration, succeeded by cerebral irritation and determination of blood to the brain; 2d, Frontal pain immediately over the eyes; 3d, Perfect integrity of the sensations and voluntary movements; 4, The general operations of the intellect undisturbed; ideas formed, combined, and compared ; those of things, of events, of time, recalled without difficulty; 5th, Loss of language, or of the faculty of conveying ideas by words, though not by signs; this defect was not confined to spoken language, but also extended to written language.

The inferences to be drawn from these facts, are, 1st, That as the cerebral irritation produced no general affection or disturbance of the functions of the brain, it was local or limited; 2d, As loss of language was the only functional derangement of the intellectual faculties, that faculty must have been connected with the portion of the brain, the seat of irritation; and 3d, That an organ of language exists in the brain. This case lends a strong confirmation to the general truth of the doctrines of phrenology.

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