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Wild and distracted, to the fhade,
All throbbing, he retires,
Till worn with hunger and fatigue,
He flutters and expires..

So man, when born in hapless climes
Where freedom ne'er was known,
Learns cheerfully to bend betimes
To power, without a groan.

Content within his humble fhed,
Full joyfully he fings;

Though poor his fare, and meanly clad
With mirth his hamlet rings.

Untie at once thofe filken bands
Which willingly he wore,
Give freedom to his fhackled hands,
Which ne'er were free before.

Unus'd to tread thofe rugged wilds
Where freedom loves to range,
Soon tired, like a wayward child,
He wishes still to change,

Madly he grafps at wealth and pow'r,
At pow'r he cannot wield;
At wealth, which in an evil hour
No good to him can yield.

His wonted joys now fled, his life
In dire contention flows;
In rapine, blood-fhed, tumult, ftrife;
Till death does end his woes.

A Frenchman's Remarks on Nobility *. NOBILITY is the proper reward and incitement to virtue. Nothing then is more juft or more ufeful than the inftitution of it. A prince ought to reward virtue; and, if I may be allowed the expreffion, he ought to recompence it according to the taste even of virtue; that is to fay, by honourable diftinctions. After the reward which it procures for itself by the inward fatisfaction which accompanies it: after the glory and reputation, the defire of which is the principal fource of virtue, purely human, nothing is more flattering to it than these marks of honour established in all nations, to justify and confirm in fome manner the public esteem.

To reward virtue, is a juftice which the prince owes to virtuous men; he owes it alfo to the public, to the rest of his fubjects: Since by rewarding virtue, he endeavours to make it both more perfect and more common. It is a duty a prince owes to his fubjects, to endeavour to excite virtuous exertions; he owes it them, I fay, both on account of the advantage it procures to those themselves who shall be virtuous, as of those who fhall profit by the virtue of others. I have only farther to remark, how much the vir tue of his fubjects is advantageous to the prince himself.

On the Queen of France, c. by Mr. Burke. It is now fixteen or feventeen years fince I faw the Queen of France, then Dauphinefs, at Verfailles; and furely never lighted on this orb, which the hardly feemed to touch, a more delightful vifion. I faw her juft above the horizon, decorating and cheering the elevated fphere fhe juft began to move in, glittering like the morning-ftar, full of life and fplendor, and joy. Oh! what a revolution! and what an heart muft I have, to contemplate without emotion that elevation and that fall! Little did I dream, that when the added titles of veneration to thofe of enthufiaftic, diftant, respectful love, that she should ever be obliged to carry the fharp antidote against difgrace concealed in that bofom: * I'Abbe Trublet,-written in the year 1755. VOL. I.

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Little did I dream that I fhould have lived to fee fuch difafters fallen upon her in a nation of gallant men, in a nation of men of honour, and of cavaliers. I thought ten thousand fwords must have leaped from their fcabbards, to avenge even a look that threatened her with infult. But the age of chivalry is gone: That of fophifters, economists, and calculators, has fucceeded; and the glory of Europe is extinguished for ever. Never, never more fhall we behold that generous loyalty to rank and fex, that proud submiflion, that dignified obedience, that fubordination of the heart, which kept alive, even in fervitude itself, the spirit of an exalted freedom. The unbought grace of life, the cheap defence of nations, the nurse of manly fentiment and heroic enterprise, is gone! It is gone! that fenfibility of principle, that chastity of honour, which felt a stain like a wound, which infpired courage whilft it mitigated ferocity, which ennobled whatever it touched, and under which vice itself loft half its evil, by lofing all its grofinefs.

This mixed fyftem of opinion and fentiment, had its origin in the ancient chivalry: and the principle, though varied in its appearance by the varying flate of human affairs, fubfifted and influenced through a long fucceffion of generations, even to the time we live in. If it fhould ever be totally extinguished, the lofs, I fear, will be great. It is this which has given its character to modern Europe. It is this which has diftinguished it under all its forms of government, and diftinguished it to its advantage, from the ftates of Afia, and poffibly from thofe ftates which flourished in the most brilliant periods of the antique world. It was this, which, without confounding ranks, had produced a noble equality, and handed it down through all the gradations of focial life. It was this opinion which mitigated kings into companions, and raised private men to be fellows with kings. Without force or oppofition, it fubdued the fiercenefs of pride and power; it obliged fovereigns to fubmit to the foft collar of focial esteem, compelled ftern authority to fubmit to elegance, and gave a domination vanquisher of laws to be fubdued by manners.

But now all is to be changed; all the pleafing illufions which made power gentle, and obedience liberal, which harmonized the different fhades of life, and which, by a bland affimulation, incorporated into politics, the fenti

ments which beautify and foften private fociety, are to be diffolved by this new conquering empire of light and reason. All the decent drapery of life is to be rudely torn off: all the fuperadded ideas furnished from the wardrobe of a moral imagination, which the heart owns, and the understanding ratifies, as necessary to cover the defects of our naked shivering nature, and to raise it to dignity in our own estimation, are to be exploded as a ridiculous, abfurd, and antiquated fafhion.

On this scheme of things, a king is but a man; a queen is but a woman; a woman is but an animal, and an animal not of the highest order. All homage paid to the fex in general as fuch, and without diftin&t views, is to be regarded as romance and folly. Regicide, and paricide, and facrilege, are but fictions of fuperftition, corrupting jurifprudence by destroying its fimplicity. The murder of a king, or a queen, or a bishop, or a father, are only common hoinicide; and if the people are by any chance, or in any way gainers by it, a fort of homicide much the most pardonable, and into which we ought not to make too severe a fcrutiny.

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Intelligence refpecting Literature, Arts, Agriculture, c VOLTAIRE has writtten an eulogy on the age of Lewis the fourteenth : : nor can it be denied, that in regard to polite literature and the belles lettres, France, during that period, made a moft confpicuous figure in the republic of letters. It is, however, highly probable, that in future ages the hiftory of the eighteenth century will afford a more ample field for the literary hiftorian, becaufe of the many important difcoveries in all branches of fcience, and useful arts, that have been made during that period. The field is too ample to be entered on at prefent. Referving for a future period fome detached accounts of the most important objects that have occurred in it, we must confine our views to the communicating to our readers fome of the more recent difcoveries; for fcarce a day in this bufy period elapfes, without bringing fomething to light that was not known before.

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New Difcoveries in Germany refpecting Metals.

GERMANY has been long known to abound in metals; and the philofophers of that country have taken the lead as preceptors in the metallurgic arts. Long, however, was their operations confined to the art of purifying the metals that were already known. But of late, ftimulated by the ifcoveries of Bergman, Scheele and others, they have turned their attention to the chemical analysis of many other mineral fubftances; fome time ago, several substances that had been before claffed as earths, were found to be metallic ores, which had not been hitherto recognized as fuch and there feems now reafon to believe that the whole of the fubftances that have been hitherto reckoned earths, will be at last found to be only metals in disguise. We are not

yet acquainted with the full extent of these recent difcoveries, nor with the qualities of the metallic fubstances produced; but fome idea of them is given in the following Ietter:

Vienna, Auguft 27.

"You have probably heard of the wonderful discoveries "made by a Neapolitan in Hungary. BORN fhewed me "the regulus of the barytes, of the pure magnesian earth, "and the calcareous earth; alfo molybdena, manganese and "platina, obtained without difficulty by the fimple addi"tion of an inflammable fubftance. The reguli are dif"tinguished by their specific gravities, and other qualities, "from each other. The filicious earth is now the only "primitive earth, the argillaceous being only a modifica"tion of this. The other earths are merely metallic cal"ces over-oxygenated.

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"To obtain the regulus, the earths were rendered as fine "L as poffible, formed into a paste with powdered charcoal by means of oil, and put into a crucible with more char"coal, covered with filicious earth, to prevent the approach "of the external air; one or more of these crucibles were "then put into a larger, and furrounded with charcoal, "the heat given ftrong for five hours, and then the ope"ration found fo complete, that the platina is malleable, "and the manganese no longer attracts the loadftone.

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