the bishop and knight united. Each of these pieces has its pawn, and, of course, the board must contain two more squares on each side, which will augment their number to eighty. This invention appears to have died with the inventor.

There was also another game, called Arch Chess, which likewise shared the fate of that of Carrera. This arch chess-board is like the Polish draught-board, with a hundred squares.-Two new pieces, and two pawns, are added on each side. The place of the first, called centurion, is between the king and his bishop, its move unites that of the queen and the castle for any two squares only, and that of the knight, so that there are sixteen places where it can go, besides its own, when in the centre of the board, but it cannot move into any of the eight squares which immediately environ it, The other piece, named decurion, is situated between the queen and her bishop; moves and takes as the bishop does, but only one square at a time. This piece, and the adverse one, of course stand on squares of different colours, which colours they can

never quit. It will appear, that in this game, as well as in that by Carrera, the black king must at the beginning stand on a white square, and the queen, who must always be placed on a square of her own colour, will then be at his left.

The late Duke of Rutland invented a complicated game, which Sir Abraham Janssen, who was accounted, in his time, the best chess-player in England, was very much attached to. The board is 14 squares in breadth, and 10 in height, which makes 140 houses; 14 pieces and 14 pawns on a side: the pawns might move either one, two, or three squares, the first time.

The pieces were, the king, the queen, the two bishops, two knights, a crowned castle, uniting the move of the king and castle, and a common castle.

On the other side of the king, was a concubine, whose move was that of the castle and the knight united, two bishops, a single knight, a crowned castle, and a common one. The best players at this game, after Sir Abraham, were Stamma, Dr. Cowper, and Mr. Salvador. Philidor, in less than

two months, was able to give a knight to each of these gentlemen at this game.

It may be observed, that the pawns are here of very little use; and that by the extent of the board the knights lose much of their value, which of course renders the game more defective, and less interesting, than the common one; and since the death of Sir Abraham, in 1763, it is forgotten, or at least disused.

Marshall Keith devised an amusement, somewhat of the nature of Chess, with which the King of Prussia was much delighted. It consisted of several thousand statues, or men, that he would oppose to each other in battle, and by their movements shew the advantage or disadvantage of different modes of attack and defence.

Don John of Austria had a chamber in which was a chequered pavement of black and white marble: upon this, living men moved under his direction, according to the laws of Chess.

The same thing is told of the Duke of Weimar, who in squares of white and black marble played at Chess with real soldiers.

Rabelais mentions three games at Chess, played with living men and women: “ trentedeux personnaiges du bal combattent."

There is a curious game, in which a king and eight pawns, beat a whole set of pieces and pawns, by being allowed to make two moves to every single one of the adversary. The king with the pawns only is almost certain of winning the game, for he may make his first move into check, and his second out of it, so that he can take the queen when she stands immediately before her king, and then retreat; but he may not remain in check, neither can he himself he checkmated, unless his adversary has preserved his queen and both his castles.

In the year 1783, M. De Kempelen, an Hungarian, appeared in London with an Automaton Chess-player, which he exhibited at five shillings. This figure is as large as life, in a Turkish dress, sitting behind a table with doors, of three feet and a half in length, two in depth, and two and a half in height. The chair on which it sits is fixed to the table, which runs on four wheels: the automaton leans its right arm on

the table, and in its left hand holds a pipe; with this hand it plays, after the pipe is removed. A chess-board of eighteen inches is fixed before it. This table, or rather cupboard, contains wheels, levers, cylinders, and other pieces of mechanism; all which are publicly displayed; the vestments of the automaton are then lifted over its head, and the body is seen full of similar wheels and levers there is a little door in its thigh, which is likewise opened: and with this, and the table also open, and the automaton uncovered, the whole is wheeled about the room: the doors are then shut, and the automaton is ready to play, and it always takes the first move. At every motion the wheels are heard, the image moves its head, and looks over every part of the chess-board; when it checks the queen it shakes its head twice, and thrice in giving check to the king. It likewise shakes its head when a false move is made, replaces the piece, and makes its own move, by which means the adversary loses one.

M. De Kempelen remarked to Mr. Twiss, that though this figure had been exhibited