OF THE DIFFERENT MODES OF PLAYING, AND THE VA- RIOUS PIECES, &c. THAT HAVE BEEN USED. The Chinese Game, 32.--Asiatic and African Chess Boards, 34.-Indian and German Games; ancient Chess-men, 35.-Danish Set; Chess-men of Charle- magne, 38.—of Lewis XIII.; of Charles I. 39.-of Prince Eugene; of Vanderwerf, 40.-Iceland Pieces; Modern Indian ditto, 41.-The Philosopher's Game ; Carrera's ditto, 42.-Arch Chess, 43.-Games-of the Duke of Rutland, 44; Marshal Keith; Don John of Austria; Duke of Weimar, 45; Rabelais; Automaton OF CHESS, PLAYERS, AND PUBLICATIONS ON CHESS. Sovereigns-Blind-folded Players; Buzecca, Salvio, Sac- chieri, 52, Sokeiker, 53.-Anecdotes of Philidor, 54.— Good Chess Players, 57--Stamma; Chess Clubs, London and Paris: PUBLICATIONS; Jacob de Casollis; Caxton, 58; Ruy Lopez; Carrera; Salvio; ETYMOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GAME, PIECES, &c. AND EXPLANATION OF THE TERMS MADE use of. Etymology of the words Chess; King; Queen, 64; Bi- USE OF; Castling, 74; Making a Pawn a Queen, 77; Check, 79; Double Check, 80; Checkmate; Check- mate by Discovery; Blind Mate, 81; Smothered Mate; Philidor's Mode of Beginning, 139.-Fool's Mate, 141. -Scholar's Mate, 142.-Modes of preventing it, 143.— Beginnings of Games, 146.-Regular Parties, 147.—— CHESS. CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE PROBABLE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE GAME OF CHESS. THE HE origin of Chess still remains a matter of dispute; of its high antiquity, however, there rests no doubt. Some give the invention of it to Palamedes, during the siege of Troy (near twelve centuries before Christ); who endeavoured, by its introduction, to prevent that irksomeness amongst the Greeks, which the length of the siege threatened to render intolerable. But even allowing him to have been the inventor of a game at that period, it is not certain that the modern Chess has any great affinity to it. B Others imagine it had its origin in China, and Mr. Irwin, in a letter from Canton to the Earl of Charlemont, gives him the following translation from the Concum, or Chinese Annals, respecting the invention of the game, as delivered to him by Tinqua, a soldier mandarin, of the province of Fokien. "Three hundred and seventy-nine years after the time of Confucius, or one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five years ago, Hung Cochu, King of Kiangnan, sent an expedition into the Shensi country, under the command of a mandarin, called Hansing, to conquer it. After one successful campaign, the soldiers were put into winter-quarters; where, finding the weather much colder than what they had been accustomed to, and being also deprived of their wives and families, the army in general became impatient of their situation, and clamorous to return home. 66 Hansing, upon this circumstance, revolved in his mind the bad consequences of complying with their wishes. The necessity of soothing his troops, and reconciling |