which is grey. The portrait of the sufferer is painted upon it, placed upon burning torches, with flames and demons all Caps were then produced called Carrochas; made of pasteboard, pointed like sugar-loaves, all covered over with devils, and flames of fire.

round.

"The great bell of the Cathedral began to ring a little before sunrise, which served as a signal to warn the people of Goa to come and behold the august ceremony of the Auto da Fè; and then they made us proceed from the gallery one by one. I remarked as we passed into the great hall, that the Inquisitor was sitting at the door with his secretary by him, and that he delivered every prisoner into the hands of a particular person, who is to be his guard to the place of burning. These persons are called Parrains, or Godfathers. My Godfather was the commander of a ship. I went forth with lim, and as soon as we were in the street, I saw that the procession was commenced by the Dominican Friars; who have this honour, because St. Dominic founded the Inquisition. These are followed by the prisoners who walk one after the other, each having his Godfather by his side, and a lighted taper in his hand. The least guilty go foremost; and as I did not pass for one of them, there were many who took precedence of me. The women were mixed promiscuously with the men. We all walked barefoot, and the sharp stones of the streets of Goa wounded my tender feet, and caused the blood to stream: for they made us march through the chief streets of the city: and we were regarded every where by an innumerable crowd of people, who had assembled from all parts of India to behold this spectacle; for the Inquisition takes care to announce it long before, in the most remote parishes. At length we arrived at the church of St. Francis, which was, for this time, destined for the celebration of the Act of Faith. On one side of

the

the Altar, was the grand Inquisitor and his Counsellors; and on the other, the Vice-Roy of Goa and his Court. All the prisoners are seated to hear a Sermon. I observed that those prisoners who wore the horrible Carrochas came in last in the procession. One of the Augustin Monks as. cended the pulpit, and preached for a quarter of an hour. The sermon being concluded, two readers went up to the pulpit, one after the other, and read the sentences of the prisoners. My joy was extreme when I heard that my sentence was not to be burnt, but to be a galley-slave for five years. After the sentences were read, they summoned forth those miserable victims who were destined to be immolated by the Holy Inquisition. The images of the heretics who had died in prison were brought up at the same time, their bones being contained in small chests, covered with flames and demons.

An officer of the secular tribunal now came forward, and seized these unhappy people, after they had each received a slight blow upon the breast from the Alcaide, to intimate that they were abandoned. They were then led to the bank of the river, where the Vice-Roy and his Court were assembled, and where the faggots had been prepared the preceding day.-As soon as they arrive at this place, the condemned persons are asked in what religion they chuse to die; and the moment they have replied to this question, the executioner seizes them, and binds them to a stake in the midst of the faggots. The day after the execution, the portraits of the dead are carried to the Church of the Dominicans. The heads only are repre sented, (which are generally very accurately drawn; for the Inquisition keeps excellent limners for the purpose,) surrounded by flames and demons; and underneath is the name and crime of the person who has been burned.”*

On reading the above account, we may be at a loss to

* Relation de l'Inquisition de Goa, Chap XXIV.

decide

decide which should most excite our indignation and surprise that shameless effrontery by which men professing to be the disciples of Jesus Christ could thus pretend to serve his cause by an act so diametrically opposite to the benign precepts of the Gospel-the pitiful evasion which these wolves in sheeps clothing have recourse to, in order to avoid the imputation of shedding men's blood, by substituting fire and faggot for the more merciful operation of the axe*, or that consummate hypocrisy manifested in the affected pity_shown to their unhappy victims, when they deliver them over to the secular arm for punishment after irrevocably sealing their fate!†

One would think after what has been said, that no people could be sunk into such a state of mental degradation, as not to hail, with the most enthusiastic rapture, the happy æra which promised deliverence from so cruel and tyrannic a system! Yet strange as it may appear, we are told, that this humane and enlightened measure of the Cortes, the abolition of the Inquisition, has been considered by the populace of Spain as an infringement of their liberties!!!

But it has been somewhere remarked, as a strange feature in the progress of nations toward refinement, that those corruptions, which from their grossness and absurdity ought to have been first abandoned, cling to them to the last; and as human nature will be found equally blinded

in

The Inquisitors have chosen to punish heretics by Fire in preference to any other punishment in order to elude a certain maxim ; because, as they say, Burning a man, does not break his bones, or shed bis blood!

+ The Inquisitors, who are Ecclesiastics, do not pronounce the sentence of death, but form and read an Act, in which they say, that the criminal being convicted of such a crime, by his own confession, is, with much reluctance delivered to the secular power to be pun. nished according to his demerits.-True indeed it is, that the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel!

in all ages, this conduct of the Spanish populace need no more excite our surprise, than the outcry raised against the Apostle when he attacked the superstition by which the craftsmen had their wealth at Ephesus; or what the Lord of Life himself experienced from his countrymen the Jews, whom he came to save from a worse than inquisitorial bondage, and met with the ungrateful and cruel return of "Crucify him! Crucify him!" October 1813.

DAVID DALE.

OBSERVATOR.

THE following character of this great and good man, as it appeared in the Glasgow Courier, Edinburgh Evening Cour ant, and London Courier, is taken, with its accompanying Notes, from MOLLESON'S MISCELLANIES, published in Glasgow, 1806.

:

DIED at Glasgow, on the 17th March, 1806, in the sixty-eight year of his age, DAVID DALE, Esq. formerly proprietor of the Lanark Cotton Mills, and one of the magistrates of Glasgow,-generally known and admired for a noble spirit of philanthropy in whose character were strikingly combined, successful commercial enterprise with piety, active benevolence, and public spirit. Here, if ever, a tribute of respect and admiration is due to departed worth. Originally in a lowly station of life", by prosperous adventures in trade, he was raised to a state of affluence, which he directed, on a grand scale, to the

encouragement

*He was the son of WILLIAM DALE, a Shopkeeper in Stewarton, who dealt in groceries, yarn, &c. His remote ancestors however had been farmers, according to a family tradition importing that, till about 100 years before his time, a particular farm in the neighbourhood of Stewarton, had been in the possession of the family for 300 years. He received that education which is usually given in the small towns of Scotland. And his first employment was the herding of cattle. After which he was sent to Paisley to serve his apprenticeship to the wear ing business.

See also Scots Magazine, Septem' er 1806.

encouragement of industry and relief of the distressed. In a romantic den, on the banks of the Clyde, the lofty mills of Lanark arose, under his eye and fostering hand; surprised and delighted the traveller, as with a scene of enchantment; and exhibited a pleasing picture of industry, walking hand in hand with instruction and comfort. Thither were transplanted, and trained to virtuous habits, numerous orphans and outcasts of society who had been a prey to vice and misery*. And there many "hapless sons of Caledonia," who were emigrating to a foreign land, found a comfortable asylumt. As a Magistrate, he tempered justice with mercy; and, on trying occasions, he displayed a spirit of resolution, scarcely expected by those who were familiar with his unassuming manners in private life. Though warmly attached to a particular religious sect, he was free from bigotry, and extended his friendship and charity to many others of different religious principles. Hence, the poor blessed him; and the eminent vied with each other in swelling his fame. In private life he was very affectionate to his relatives and intimate friends; sometimes in a musing contemplative frame, and sometimes enVOL. I.

A A A

dearing

Great numbers of these destitute children were engaged for certain terms of years, for their board, clothing and lodging; besides which, Mr DALE, by employing a number of teachers, carefully attended to their education and religious instruction. In viewing the Mills no particular was more pleasing to a stranger, than the excellent order in which the boarders were kept.

A vessel, freighted with Highland families from the Hebrides, emigrating to America, being driven by foul weather into Greenock, Mr DALE sent agents there, and engaged the most of them to settle at his Mills; where they were comfortably provided for. And he built a great number of houses, to accommodate such Highland families as could not find employment in their own country. His exertions in behalf of the Highlanders were not confined to the sphere of the Lanark Mills; for he made various attempts to introduce the cotton manufacture in the Highlands, particularly in concert with some other patriotic gentlemen, by erecting a mill at Spinningdale on the firth of Dornoch, in Sutherlanishire.