Obeying Orders

acts American approach Arendt Argentine Armed Conflict Armed Forces atrocities authority battle bright-line rules circumstances civilian Clausewitz combat command commit conduct courage court crimes Criminal Law decision defendant's deliberation discipline disobedience doctrine due obedience duty effective enemy excuse face fact formal Geneva Conventions German Hannah Arendt illegal orders instance Int'l international law James Joint Services Conference law of war law's liability manifest illegality rule manifestly martial honor Martin Martin van Creveld Michael Michael Howard Military Ethics military law mistake modern moral Morris Janowitz noncombatants norms Nuremberg obedience to superior obey offenses officers one's particular peace operations political practical judgment problem professional soldiers prohibited prosecution punishment question require responsibility rules of engagement situational judgment social society standards subordinates superior orders defense supra note tactical traditional Tribunal troops U.S. Army U.S. military unlawful orders Vietnam virtue Virtue Ethics war crimes Warfare Warriors weapons