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other such lives, whose careers help to explain many points in our history. Lucas was born in Virginia, but early in life removed to southern Ohio. He took much interest in militia matters, and was a soldier in Hull's illfated Detroit expedition. He also served in the State legislature as an ardent Jeffersonian republican for many years. In 1832, he was presiIdent of the first democratic national convention at Baltimore and, from that year until 1836, he served as governor of Ohio. The most important event during his administration was the so-called Toledo War between Ohio and Michigan over their boundary. The esteem he gained from his State caused the people to name the county in which Toledo is situated for him. In 1838, he was appointed governor of Iowa and there, curiously enough, became involved in a similar boundary difficulty-this time with Missouri. The record of his efforts to promote temperance, economy in administration, and education is interesting and helps toward our understanding the evolution of territories. into States. After President Harrison removed Lucas from the governorship, he continued to reside in Iowa and died there in 1853. The sources used by the author of the Life are given in the notes, which are grouped together in the back of the book, and there is an excellent index. A careful reading of the book has disclosed few misprints and but one mistake by Mr. Parish and that one a use of the word brigade for regiment on p. 10. The later numbers of the Iowa Biographical Series will be most useful to students of history and politics, if they maintain the standard Mr. Parish has set up in this initial volume.

Registration of Voters: A Practical Guide for the Preparation of the Lists. For the Use of Overseers, Assistant Overseers, Vestry Clerks, Town Clerks, Registration Officers and Rate Collectors, and all Persons Connected with the Registration of Electors. By M. MOLONEY. (London: Sweet and Maxwell, Ltd. Pp. ix, 261.)

The Registration of Voters is intended for the use of the men whose duty it is to prepare the lists of voters in parliamentary constituencies. It is a practical manual, based on the precept sent out each year to the registration officers under the registration order in council. This precept sets out in detail and in chronological order the duties which registration officers must perform in the preparation of the voters' lists. The method followed by Mr. Moloney, is to print in small type a section of the precept, followed by explanatory notes in larger type. The notes warn the

officers of possible mistakes and pitfalls, give definitions of doubtful terms and give explanations intended to make clear the duty of the officer under the precept.

The work of registration in England is highly complex. The lists are not identical for municipal and parliamentary elections, and even for parliamentary elections there are differences between the registration list for a county division and that for a borough. Lists must also be drawn up for county council elections, borough elections, urban and rural district and parish council elections. There is, for example, an ownership qualification for a parish council election which would not qualify a man to vote in a borough election. Married women, duly qualified, may vote for district and parish councils, but are barred from voting in county or borough council elections; while no woman can qualify for the parliamentary franchise. In the county divisions there are various freeholder qualifications that are not recognized in borough elections; while the lodger and service voters who are on the parliamentary lists cannot exercise the municipal franchise.

The complexity of a system of representation which is based on property rather than on the individual, and which tries to be democratic and yet at the same time to set up barriers against too great an inroad of voters, may be seen at a glance on turning over the pages of Mr. Moloney's manual. The style is bare and bald, not an unnecessary word is added to the directions set out for the registration officers, yet it takes him 244 pages to define and set out the rights of Englishmen to vote for representatives in parliament or on local governing bodies, as owners, occupiers or lodgers, with all the restrictions that surround the franchise and the objections that may be brought against a name that has found its way on to the preliminary list. So complex a subject as registration has, of course, already its text-books. These have, however, usually been prepared for the use of the agents of the political parties or for lawyers in contested cases. Mr. Moloney's handbook is the contribution of a revising barrister, whose experience is necessarily of the widest, and is intended for the practical everyday use of the registration officers who are not political partisans, and whose aim it is to have their lists as free as possible from errors or objections. Hence it is the clearest account, yet in existence, of the working of the English registration laws.

A. G. P.

Federal Regulation of Railway Rates. Schaffner and Marx Prize Essay. ton, Mifflin and Company. 1907.

By ALBERT N. MERRITT. Hart, (Boston and New York: HoughPp. xii, 240.)

The value of this work to the student of law and politics lies in its excellent presentation of the economic principles at the basis of what is probably the most vital political and social problem of the day.

American railway rates, Mr. Merritt believes, are not upon the whole excessive. The real complaint is against discriminations of different kinds and for various purposes. These, together with the dangers inherent in the unrestricted control by private individuals of agencies as important to the public as are the railroads, render desirable some manner of government control. But a rigid system of public regulation should be avoided. This holds true especially of any attempt at prescribing rates by the interstate commerce commission. The obstacles in the way of rate fixing by this body are, he thinks, practically insurmountable.

After devoting a chapter to the interstate commerce act of 1887 and its interpretation by the commission and the courts, Mr. Merritt proceeds to outline what he considers a rational plan for public control of rates. Dissatisfaction with the present administration of the law he attributes, not to the personnel of the commission, but to the inconsistency of its function. It is the commission's duty to investigate and punish violations of the law, and then to sit as a court to try cases in which it is frequently the prosecutor. The evils following from this condition, the author believes, can be remedied by the establishment of a special court of transportation, "for the purpose of determining the lawfulness of the rates charged by common carriers." Such a tribunal should be constituted a true federal court, with judges holding office for life, and with final jurisdiction over all but constitutional questions, which last should be appealed directly into the supreme court. In the remaining pages of this book, Mr. Merritt defends this plan against certain legal objections that might be urged against it, and explains the advantages to be expected from its adoption.

J. WALLACE BRYAN.

INDEX TO RECENT LITERATURE-BOOKS AND

PERIODICALS

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Books

Dutton, S. T. and Sneddin, D. Administration of Public Education in the United States. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1908.

Orlando, V. E. Principi do diritto amministrativo. Terza editione. Florence: G. Barbèra. Pp. 398.

COLONIES

Books

Castelein, A. The Congo State. Its Origin, Rights, and Duties. The Charges of its Accusers. With a Prefatory Letter by Mr. Ch. Woeste. London: D. Nutt. Pp. 274.

Congrès colonial français de 1907, du 10 au 15 juin à Paris. Paris: au secrétariat général des congrés coloniaux français. Pp. 439.

Dehn, P. Von deutscher Kolonial- u. Weltpolitik. 2 Aufl. Berlin: Allg. Verein f. deutsche Literatur. Pp. iv + 339.

Ferriol, J. Formation juridique de l'empire colonial français de l'Afrique du Nord (1885-1906). Montpelier: Firmin, Montane et Sicardi. Pp. 115.

Gaffarel, P. La politique coloniale en France de 1789 à 1830. Paris: F. Alcan. Pp. 500.

Grossi, V. Questioni diplomatiche e coloniali (1896–1906): Europa, medio ed estremo Oriente, Africa e America. Roma: G. Bertero e C. Pp. vii + 400. Hoffman, H. Edler, v. Verwaltungs- u. Gerichtsverfassung der deutschen Schutzgebiete. Leipzig: G. J. Göschen. 1908. Pp. 138.

Kaufmann, Erich. Auswärtige Gewalt u. Kolonialgewalt in den Vereinigten Staaten v. Amerika. Eine rechtsvergleich. Studie üb. die Grundlagen des amerikan. u. Deutschen Verfassungsrechts. Leipzig: Duncker and Humblot, 1908. Pp. xiv + 244.

Leroy-Beaulieu, Paul. De la colonisation chez les peuples modernes. 6 ed. F.

Alcan.

Karlgöz. Das Staatsrecht des Königr. Württemberg. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr. Keller, A. G. Colonization. A Study of the Founding of New Societies. New York: Ginn and Company.

Köbner, O. Einführung in die Kolonialpolitik. Jena: G. Fischer. Pp. xii+227. Sieglein, Ludw. Die koloniale Rechtspflege u. ihre Emanzipation vom Konsularrecht. Münster:Universitäts- Buchh.Pp. xiii + 111.

Articles in Periodicals

Africa. L'Angleterre en Afrique. Capitaine E. de Renty. Ques. Dip. et Col. April 16.

Africa. Un Plan Anglais de Réformes Dans l'Est Africain Britannique. Bulletin de Colonisation comparée. June 20.

Africa. L'organisation Judiciaire du Kamerun. M. H. Rolin. Bulletin de Colonisation comparée April 20.

Africa. Le Protectorat du Kamerun en 1905-1906. Bulletin de Colonisation comparée. February 20.

Africa. Le Protectorat de l'Afrique Orientale Allemande en 1905-1906. Bulletin de Colonisation comparée. January 20.

Algeria. Essai sur l'histoire de la colonisation en Algérie. H. Froidevaux. Ques. Dip. et Col. July 16.

American Colonies. Les Colonies Américaines et la Constitution. M. J. Laferrière. Rev. du Droit Pub. et Sci. Pol. April-May-June.

Chad Territories. The French Policy in the Mohamedan Chad Territories. M. E. Gentil. Bulletin of Comparative Colonisation. July 25.

Congo. L'annexion de l'Etat Indépendant du Congo par la Belgique. E. Payen. Ques. Dip. et Col. September 1.

Congo. La Question de L'Annexion du Congo. Bulletin de Colonisation comparée. May 20.

Egypt. Le Soudan Egyptien et le protectorat du Somaliland. Capitaine E. de Renty. Ques. Dip. et Col. July 1.

Egypt. The Anglo-Egyptian Soudan in 1907. Bulletin of Comparative Colonisation. July 25.

Empire. The Legal Relations of the Several States of the Empire. H. Moore. Jr. of Comp. Leg. August.

English Colonies. Les droits de douanes dans les colonies anglaises. P. Ma. Ques. Dip. et Col. May 16, April 1.

German Protectorates. Lois et Ordonnances dans les Protectorats Allemands. Baron K. von Stengel. Bulletin de Colonisation comparée. March 20.

Gold Coast Colony. of Comp. Leg. August.

Imperialism.

Int. Law. July.

The Status of Native Courts in Gold Coast Colony. Jr.

Neutralization versus Imperialism. A. H. Snow. Am. Jr. of

India. Le probléme indien et les troubles de la frontiére indo-afghane. H. Marchand. Ques. Dip. et Col. June 1.

Indo-China. La défense de l'Indo-Chine. A Debon. Ques. Dip. et Col. September 16.

Indo-China.

L'Indo-Chine dans les six derniéres années. Ed. Payen. Ques. Dip. et Col. May 16.

Morocco. L'Allemagne, la France et le Maroc. R. de Caix. Ques. Dip. et Col. May 1.

Philippines. The Founding of the Civil Government of the Philippines. J. H. Blount. Green Bag. July.

Rhodesia. La Rhodesie Septentrionale en 1906-1907. Bulletin de Colonisation comparée. March 20, April 20.

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