the inquirer; and, on several questions connected with the subject, it gave no information whatever.

It was not until several games had been played, that the cards were found to be -; a discovery made by two of the players throwing down the same card simultaneously; it was consequently agreed that all the money won during the preceding part of the evening should be restored to its original owners.

The book was very badly printed, and so

that there was scarcely

a page in which several emendations were not required.

In order to render the work useful, it was found necessary to correct its

will often happen in the haste of composition; whereas may generally be traced either to the author's ignorance or imperfect knowledge.

"The low race of men take a secret pleasure in finding an eminent character levelled to their condition by a report of its and keep themselves in countenance, though they are excelled in a thousand virtues, if they believe that they have in common with a great person any

He who exceeds, goes beyond-he who is immoderate, does not keep within bounds. Consequently the distinction between excessive and immoderate is as positive and negative. They who do not restrain their appetites within the bounds prescribed by nature, eat immoderately; they who load the stomach to satiety, eat to excess. An immoderate indulgence in the pleasures of the table produces uneasiness; excessive indulgence in the same pleasures puts us in danger of a surfeit, or apoplexy. Immoderate is opposed to temperate; excessive to defective. Excessive is frequently used in a favorable sense; immoderate, always in a bad sense.

[Laf. Moderate lamentation is the right of the dead, excessive grief the enemy to the living. All's Well, &c., i. 1.

Claud. As surfeit is the father of much fast,
So every scope by the immoderate use
Turns to restraint.

But pain is perfect misery, the worst
Of evils, and excessive, overturns
All patience

Meas. for Meas., i. 3

P. L., vi. 463.]

Exercise.

Who knows not the languor that attends every

pleasure?

indulgence in

"One of the first objects of wish to every one is to maintain a proper place and rank in society: this, among the vain and ambitious, is always the favourite aim. With them it arises to expectations founded on their supposed talents and imagined merits."

"A man must be

-ly stupid as well as uncharitable, who believes there is no virtue but on his own side."

cares.

"One means very effectual for the preservation of health is a quiet and cheerful mind, not afflicted by passions, or distracted with "If panicum be laid below and about the bottom of a root, it will cause the root to grow to an — bigness."

eating takes away sound sleep;

gestive functions.

eating disorders the di

"Moderation is a virtue of no small importance to those who find

in every thing to be an evil."

"It is wisely ordered in our present state that joy and fear, hope and grief, should act alternately as checks and balances upon each other, in order to prevent an in any of them."

"His death was caused by an

use of opiates."

SECTION V.

MISCELLANEOUS SYNONYMES.

THERE are many cases in which it is extremely difficult to discover any principle by which the differences of words can be accounted for. Though, as we have already shewn, it is very possible to form, to a certain extent, a classification of differences, by referring them, in different cases, to a distinct principle; there are many pairs of words whose difference does not appear to depend on any uniformly directing principle, but seems the result of a mere caprice of language. These cases baffle all attempts at classifying, and we must, therefore, be content to consider them under the head of "Miscellaneous." Here it will be found that a different cause operates in each single pair, so that we shall here learn nothing more than the explanation of the difference in each individual case, and this explanation will suggest no certain rule

in other cases of difficulty. But when we consider the subtile nature of the human mind, and the almost infinite variety of shades and forms which language assumes, we shall not be surprised at this difficulty. Some tinge of colouring, some almost imperceptible shade, will be found to exist in one, which does not belong to the other, and this so capricious and so infinitely various, that it is impossible to classify such words, or collect those among them in which any one principle is found to act uniformly. The following synonymes are of this nature, for the study of which the learner is referred to the explanations under each pair.

Accent-Emphasis.

An accent is a stress or leaning of the voice on certain syllables in every word, by which those syllables are more vigorously pronounced than others. An emphasis is a stress of the voice on certain words, by which those words are prominently distinguished in a sentence. Accent respects the pronunciation of a word; emphasis respects the meaning of the sentence. To pronounce the word náture with the strain on the second syllable (thus, natúre) would be a fault of acTo give the same force to every word in a sentence, is to read without emphasis.

cent.

English language was unfixed. In the "Paradise Lost" of Milton, several

words are found with an

now pronounced.

different from that with which they are

In every sentence, there are certain words which require a greater stres of the voice in reading than others. This stress is called in grammar He who reads without -, reads monotonously. Foreigners are very liable to make faults of

language.

in pronouncing our

Laying a strong on these last words, and giving me another inquiring look of significance, the stranger quitted the room, leaving me in a state of confusion and conjecture, which may be more easily imagined than described.

It is very difficult, if not impossible, to pronounce a dissyllable without placing a stronger on one than on the other of the two syllables. "Those English syllables which I call long ones receive a peculiar stress of voice from their acute or circumflex, as in quíckly, dowry.”

not so much regards the tune, as a certain grandeur, whereby some word or sentence is rendered more remarkable than the rest by a more vigorous pronunciation, and a longer stay upon it."

An address-A direction.

The difference between an address and a direction is, that an address comprises the name of the person directed to, as well as the place at which he or she resides. A direction signifies no more than the specification of a certain place. The form of an address might be, Mr. John Smith, 19, George-street, Cornwall-square. If I am told to address a letter to the above Mr. Smith, I write down this form; but if some one ask me Mr. Smith's direction, I answer by specifying the place in which he lives, viz. 19, George-street, Cornwall-square. An address comprises a name and direction; a direction excludes the name. We do not address places, though we direct to both places and persons

I have only to put the

you.

Exercise.

-to this letter, and I will then accompany

I should have written to you before, but I had mislaid your

did not find it till this morning.

The name was written on the outer cover of the parcel, but it had no

This trunk being properly whom it is intended.

it cannot fail to reach the person for

Those who travel with much luggage should take the greatest care that all their packages are correctly and legibly

In strict propriety of language, arms are instruments of of fence, and weapons instruments of defence. According to this distinction, swords, spears, cross-bows, &c., are arms; whilst helmets, cuirasses, and shields are weapons. This distinction, however, does not always hold good, for the expression "murderous weapons," as well as "coat of arms," is common in modern phraseology. These are in direct opposition to the above explanation. The best distinction, then, to be made between these words is, that arms are instruments made expressly for fighting; and weapons are instruments casually used for fighting. According to this distinction, pokers, staves, or knives, will be equally weapons, but not equally arms with swords, pistols, and guns. The word weapons is used in the singular; arms, never, in this sense.

[Glo. Weapons! arms! What's the matter here?

This is the happy Warrior; this is He

That every Man in arms should wish to be.

WORDSWORTH. 'Character of the Happy Warrior?

While we go forth, a self-devoted crowd,

With weapons grasped in fearless hands, to assert

Our virtue, and to vindicate mankind.

Exercise.

The bayonet is a formidable

first made at Bayonne.

'Sonnets to Liberty.']

; it was so called from having been