works have a frong, peculiar, and marked character: they feem to proceed from his own mind en tirely, and that mind fo rich and abundant, that he never needed, or feemed to difdain, to look abroad for foreign help. Raphael's mateTials are generally borrowed, though the noble structure is his own. The excellency of this extraordinary man lay in the propriety, beauty, and majefty of his charac ters, his judicious contrivance of his composition, correctness of drawing, purity of tafte, and the filful accommodation of other men's conceptions to his own purpose. Nobody excelled him in that judgment, with which he united to his own obfervations on nature, the -energy of Michael Angelo, and the beauty and fimplicity of the antique. To the queftion, therefore, which ought to hold the first rank, Raphael or Michael Angelo, it muft be answered, that if it is to be given to him who poffeffed a greater combination of the higher qualities of the art than any other man, there is no doubt but Raphael is the first but if, according to Longinus, the fublime, being the highest excellence that human compofition can attain to, abundantly compenfates the abfence of every other beauty, and atones for all other deficiencies, then Michael Angelo, -demands the preference." The Prefident having thus compared the excellencies of Raphael and Michael Angelo in the great style, obferves, that there is another, which, though inferior, has great merit, becaufe it fhews a live. ly and vigorous imagination. This he calls the original or character. itical style: as the moft ftriking example of this ftyle, he mentions Salvator Rofa. "This matter, fays he, gives us a peculiar caft of nature, which, though void of all grace, elegance, and implicity, though it has nothing of that elevation and dignity which belongs to the grand ftyle, yet has that fort of dignity which belongs to favage and uncultivated nature: but what is molt to be ad. mired in him is, the perfect correfpondence which he obferved between the fubjects which he chofe, and his manner of treating them. Every thing is of a piece: his rocks, trees, fky, even to his hand. ling, have the fame rude and wild character, which animates his fi gures." With Salvator Rofa oùr author contrafts Cario Maratti, who practifed all the rules of art, and whofe ftyle was without manifeft defects, and without ftriking beauties. He proceeds to contraft Rubens and Pouffin with great judgment and precifion. "In Rubens, fays he, art is too apparent. His figures have expreffion, and act with energy, but without fimplicity or dignity. His colouring, in which he is eminently killed, is notwithstanding too much what we call tinted. Throughout the whole of his works, there is a proportionable want of that nicety of diftinction, and elegance of mind, which is required in the higher walks of painting; and to this want it may be in fome degree af. cribed, that thofe qualities which make the excellency of this fubor dinate flyle appear in him with greater luftre. Indeed, the facility with which he invented, the rich. nefs of his compofition, the luxu riant harmony and brilliancy of his colouring, fo dazzle the eye, that, whilft his works continue before us, we we cannot help thinking, that all his deficiencies are fully fupplied. Oppofed to this florid, carelefs, looie, and inaccurate ftyle, that of the fimple, careful, pure, and correct flyle of Pouflin, feems to be a compleat contraft. "Yet, however oppofite their characters, in one thing they agreed, both of them having a perfect correfpondence between all the parts of their refpe&tive manners. "Pouffin lived and converfed with the ancient ftatues fo long, that he may be faid to be better acquainted with them, than with the people who were about him. No works of any modern have fo much of the air of antique pains ing. His best performances have a remarkable drynefs of manner, which though by no means to be recommended for imitation, yet feems perfealy correfpondent to that ancient fimplicity which diftinguishes his ftyle. The favourite subjects of Pouffin were ancient fables; and no painter was ever better qualified to paint fuch fubjects, not only from his being eminently skilled in the knowledge of ceremonies, cuftoms, and habits of the ancients, but from bis being fo well acquainted with the different characters which those who invented them gave their allegorical figures. Though Rubens has fhewn great fancy in his fatyrs, filenus's, and fauns, yet they are not that diftin&t, feparate clafs of beings, which is carefully exhibited by the ancients, and by Pouffin. Certainly when fuch fubjects of antiquity are reprefented, nothing in the picture ought to renind us of modern times. The mind is thrown back into antiquity, and nothing ought to be in troduced, that may tend to awak டி it from the illufion. "If Pouffin, in imitation of the ancients, reprefents Apoilo driving his chariot out of the fea, by way of reprefenting the fun rifing, if he perfonifies lakes and rivers, it is no ways offenfive in him; but feems perfectly of a piece with the gene. ral air of the picture. On the contrary, if the figures which people his pictures had a modern air or countenance, if they appeared like our countrymen, if the draperies were like cloth or filk of our ma nufacture, if the landfkip had the appearance of a modern view, how ridiculous would Apollo appear in ftead of the fun, an old man or a nymph with an urn inftead of a river or lake. Upon the whole, fays our author, it appears, that, fetting afide the ornamental ftyle, there are two different paths, either of which a ftudent may take, without degra ding the dignity of his art. The first is to combine the higher excellencies, and embellish them to the greatest advantage: the other, is to carry one of thefe excellencies to the highest degree. But thofe who poffefs neither must be classed with them, who, as Shakespeare fays, are men of no mark or likeli hood." We have made this article long, but for this we may rather plead merit, than make an apology, as the critical opinion of fo great a mafter, concerning the comparative merits of those whofe works have fo long been the fubject of enthufiaftic admiration, cannot fail of giving very great entertainment to our readers, Curious Extras from Mr. Burney's Journal of his Voyage down the Ifer and the Danube, from Munich to Vienna, through Countries which are feldom travelled by Englifhmen, and of which we bave very little Knowledge. Went from Munich to Vienna, down the two rivers fer and Danube and as the mufical incidents during this voyage are but few, and no itinerary or book of travels, that I remember to have feen, has described the courfe of these rivers, or the method by which perfons are conveyed upon them from one place to another, I fhall not fcruple to add to my few mufical memorandums fuch other remarks and obfervations, as I find fet down in my mifcellaneous journal. The Ifer, upon which the city of Munich is fituated, and which empties itself into the Danube, about an hundred miles below, though very rapid, is too much fpread and fcattered into different channels, to be fufficiently deep for a bark, or any kind of paffageboat, that has a bottom, to float upon it. The current of this river is even too rapid for any thing to be brought back against it; but Bavaria being a country abounding with wood, particularly fir, rafts or floats made of thofe trees, lafhed together, are carried down the ftream, at the rate of feventy or eighty miles a day. Upon thefe rafts, a booth is built for paffengers in common; but if any one chufes to have a cabin to himfelf, he may have it built for about four florins. I preferred this, not only to avoid bad company and heat, but to get an opportunity of wri ting and digefting my thoughts and memorandums, being at this time very much in arrears with my mufical journal. I quitted Munich at two o'clock in the afternoon. The weather was intenfely hot, and I was furnished with no means of tempering it; a clear sky and burning fun, reflected from the water, having rendered my fir cabin as infupport. able as the open air. It was conftructed of green boards, which exuded as much turpentine as would have vanquished all the aromatics of Arabia. As I was utterly ignorant of the country through which I was to pafs, and the accommodations it would afford, all that my forefight had fuggefted to me, in the way of furniture and provifions, were a mattress, blanket, and fheets; fome cold meat, with bread and a bottle of wine; there was water in plenty always at hand. But I foon found myself in want of many other things; and if I were ever to perform this voyage again, which I hope will never happen, experience would enable me to render the cabin a tolerable refidence, for a week or ten days. In quitting Munich by water, the city is a beautiful object; but the country we paffed through is a wretched one, to all appearance; there being nothing but willows, fedge, fand, and gravel in fight. The water was fo fhallow in feveral places, that I thought our float would have ftuck faft. At fix o'clock we arrived at Freifing, the fee and fovereignty of a prince bifhop; his palace is placed on a high hill, at a little distance from the town, which is on another hill, and looks very pretty from the water water-fide, I would not go on fhore to pay for a bad bed and fupper, with which I was already furnished in my cabin; my fervant, however, went with the common company, which amounted to upwards of fifty perfons, in order to get fome fresh bread, but which the place did not afford. There had been no rain in these parts of Germany for fix weeks; but, when we arrived at Freifing, I faw a little black cloud to the weftward, which, in less than half an hour, produced the moft violent form of thunder, lightning, rain, and wind, that I ever remember to have feen. I really expected every moment, that the lightning would have set fire to my cabin: it continued all night with prodigious fury, fo that my man could not get back, and I was left on the water, fole inhabitant of the float, which was fecured by a hawfer to a wooden bridge. Two fquare holes were cut in the boards of my cabin, one on each fide, by way of window; the pieces were to ferve as cafements; one of thefe was loft, fo that I was forced to faften with pins a handkerchief against the hole, to keep out wind and rain; but it answered the purpose very ill, and moreover, it rained in at an hundred different places; drop, drip, drop, throughout my little habitation, fometimes on my face, fometimes on my legs, and always fomewhere or other. This, with the violent flashes of lightning and bursts of thunder, kept off drowfinefs; luckily, perhaps, for I might have caught cold, fleeping in the wet. I had been told, that the people of Bavaria were, at least, three hundred years behind the rest of Europe in philofophy, and useful knowledge. Nothing can cure them of the folly of ringing the bells whenever it thunders, or perfuade them to put up conductors to their public buildings; though the lightning here is fo mischievous, that lat year, no less than thirteen churches were destroyed by it, in the electorate of Bavaria. The recollection of this had not the effect of an opiate upon me: the bells in the town of Freifing were jingling the whole night, to remind me of their fears, and the real danger I was in. I lay on the mattress, as far as I could from my fword, pitois, watch-chain, and every thing that might ferve as a conductor. I never was much frightened by lightning before, but now I wifhed for one of Dr. Franklin's beds, fufpended by filk cords in the middle of a large room. I weathered it out till morning, without a wink of fleep my fervant told me, that the inn on fhore was miferable; it rained into every room of the houfe, and no provifions could be found for thefe fifty people, but black bread and beer boiled up with two or three eggs. : At fix, we got into motion, the rain and wind continuing with great fury, and from violent heat, the air grew fo chill and cold, that I found it impoflible to keep myfelf warm with all the things I could put on. For though I added to my dress a pair of thick shoes, woollen ftockings, a flannel waitcoat, great-coat and night-cap, with all the warm garments in my pof feffion, yet I was benumbed with cold. We advanced for four hours through a dreary country, as far as I was able to defcry, but the weather M 4 was was fo bad, that I could not often examine it. At ten o'clock fome fir-trees appeared, which enlivened the view, and at eleven, nothing elfe could be feen on either fide. There was a very high and fteep fhore on the right, covered with firs, and on the left, trees fcattered near the water, and groves at a diftance. At eleven, the float topped at Landshut, where the paffengers dined. I ftuck to my cabin and cold meat: if it had not rained in, I should have thought myself very well off; but, in my prefent circumstances, I was fo uncomfortable, that I could not, for a long time, write a word in my journal books, the weather had fo lowered my fpirits, and ftiffened my fingers; however, towards the afternoon, I made an effort, and tranfcribed many things from my tablets, which were full. At fix o'clock, the float ftopt at Dingelfing; in the evening I got a candle, which was a luxury denied to me the night before in the thunder-form. Rain, rain, eternal rain and wind, made the water nothing less than pleasant: The next morning was clear, but cold. The paffengers landed at Landau about ten; at one we entered the Danube, which did not appear fo vaft a river here, as I expected. However, it grew larger as we defcended: we ftopt at two o'clock at a miferable village, with a fine convent in it, however, Here the wind became fo violent, that I thought every minute it would have carried away both my cabin and myself;' at three it was determined to stay here all night, as it was not safe to flir during this wind; but as this feems, and is called, Le Pais des ventes, it was an exercife for patience to be flopt at a place where I had nothing to do. My provifions grew short and stale, and there were none of any kind to be had here. 1 had fuffered fo much the night before, that I now feriously fet about contriving how to keep myself warm. The blanket bought at Munich for me, by my knave, or fool of a fervant, and which I had not feen foon enough to change, was a fecond-hand one, and fo filthy, ragged, and likely to contain all kinds of vermin, and perhaps difeafes, that hitherto I could not find in my heart to touch it; however, cold and hunger will tame the proudest ftomachs. I put the blanket over the fheet, and was gladdened by its warmth. At three in the morning the paffengers were called, and foon after the float was in motion; it was now a huge and unwieldy machine, a quarter of a mile long, and loaded with deals, hogheads, and lumber of all kinds. The fun rose very bright; but at fix there was a ftrong easterly wind, full in our teeth, and fo great a fog, that not a fingle object could be feen on either fide the river. When I agreed to live night and day, for a week, upon the water, I forgot to bargain for warm weather; and now it was fo cold, that I could fcarcely hold the pen, though but the 27th of Auguft. I have often obferved, that when the body is cold, the mind is chilled likewife: and this was now fo much the cafe with myself, that I had neither fpirits nor ideas for working at my mufical journal. At eight o'clock we flopt at Vilchofen, a fweet fituation. Here is a wooden bridge, of fixteen arches, over the Danube. The hills on the oppofite |