here tigillis terra comas. apis ingerit alveo, Jula melle favos. um satiatus aratro ca verba pede tunc consita V tunc insita w. tur sidus might refer either to the sun, or to Sirius; most editors refer this passage to the sun, but without any very good reason think Horace is referring to the dog star in Epod. 1, 27: ante sidus fervidum. So Ovid, Met. I, 424, aetherioque recens exarsit sidere limus, is inriguis quoted as referring to the sun; but Tibullus, 1, 7, 21, attributes the same result to Sirius as Vergil does in Aen. 3, 141: tum steriles exurere Sirius agros. 48. annua = quotannis, an odd adverbial use, with such a noun as terra.. comas: here used of the grain itself. 49. verno: agreeing with alveo, but used in the adverbial sense. -alveo synizesis. 52. certo... pede: 'regular rhythm.' 30 35 consulis et Chio solvite vincla cado. vina diem celebrent: non festa luce madere huc ades adspiraque mihi, dum carmine nostro rura cano rurisque deos. his vita magistris desuevit querna pellere glande famem: 1. 29. celebrent AV celebrant P. 38. glande GP grande AV. 28. consulis: the age of the wine was indicated by the name, on the jar or the tag attached to it, of the consul under whom it was made. Good Falernian, according to Plin. N. H. 23, 34, should be not less than 15 years old. - vincla: both the stopper and the gypsum or pitch with which it was sealed. 29. madere: sc. vino. Cf. 2, 2, 8; 5, 87; Plaut. Most. 319: ecquid tibi videor ma-ma-madere? 30. errantes: 'unsteady.' 31. bene Messallam: sc. valere iubeo; cf. our own abbreviated form of toasts, 66 'Here's to," etc. Cf. Ovid, Fast. 2, 637: 'bene vos, bene te, patriae pater, optime Caesar! 32. absentis: SC. Messallae; the participle has concessive force. - singula: a hyperbole : let his name recur at almost every word spoken, i.e. be constantly on the lips of the banqueters! 33. celeber: this may be the first instance of the use of the word in the sense of famous.' triumphis: for the plural cf. 1, 7, 5; the occasion is the same there referred to. 34. intonsis: : a common epithet of the Romans of early times, before the tonsorial art was in vogue. Cf. Hor. Car. 1, 12, 41: intonsis Curium capillis. Cf. 1, 7, 16, n. 35 ades adspiraque: Messalla is invoked, as if he were one of the Muses. So Vergil called upon Maecenas in Georg. 2, 39: tuque ades, inceptumque una decurre laborem, o decus. . . Maecenas. 36. agricolis: 'patrons of husbandry.' 38. glande: for acorns as a staple of food in the Golden Age, cf. Ovid, Met. 1, 106; Am. 3, 10, 9; Fast. 1, 676; Tib. 2, 3, 68: 40 45 50 illi conpositis primum docuere tigillis exiguam viridi fronde operire domum, servitium et plaustro supposuisse rotam. 43. tum consita AG tunc consita V tunc insita w. glans alat, et prisco more bibantur aquae. glans aluit veteres. 41. Ovid, Am. 3, 10, 13: prima iugis tauros supponere colla coegit et veterem curvo dente revellit humum. — illi: for the elision . cf. Intr. § 42. 44. inriguas in the active sense, as in Ovid, Am. 2, 16, 2: inriguis ora salubris aquis. 46. securo: another poetical active instead of the ordinary passive use; cf. Verg. Aen. 6, 715: securos latices et longa oblivia potant. 47. rure: abl. without a preposition for the more usual locative ruri. terunt: the subject is in sidus might refer either to the sun, or to Sirius; most editors refer this passage to the sun, but without any very good reason think Horace is referring to the dog star in Epod. 1, 27: ante sidus fervidum. So Ovid, Met. 1, 424, aetherioque recens exarsit sidere limus, is quoted as referring to the sun; but Tibullus, 1, 7, 21, attributes the same result to Sirius as Vergil does in Aen. 3, 141: tum steriles exurere Sirius agros. 48. annua = quotannis, an odd adverbial use, with such a noun as terra. comas: here used of the grain itself. 49. verno: agreeing with alveo, but used in the adverbial sense. - alveo: synizesis. 52. certo... pede: 'regular rhythm.' 55 60 et satur arenti primum est modulatus avena rure etiam teneris curam exhibitura puellis molle gerit tergo lucida vellus ovis. hinc et femineus labor est, hinc pensa colusque, fusus et adposito pollice versat opus: 58. curtas auxerat hircus opes Waardenburg yrcus hauxerat yrcus oves A hauserat VG hirtas duxerat hircus oves Heinsius. 53. satur: after eating his fill.' -avena: for a similar scene cf. Verg. Ec. 1, 1-2. 54. ornatos: with wreaths. 55. minio originally, doubtless, made of the lees of wine, the most convenient substance on such occasions. Cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 3, 277: quae canerent agerentque peruncti faecibus ora. Later a prepared vermilion was used for both man and god; cf. I, 1, 17. From this custom masks came to be used in the dramatic representations originating in the same rustic festivals. - Bacche: it was at the festivals of Dionysus that the Greek drama began, just as such native Italian dramatic forms as the Fescenninae and Saturae came from similar celebrations in Etruria. 56 ab: used to make it clear that the idea is one of source here. Cf. Prop. 2, 27, 11, n. 57. huic i.e. agricolae, in recognition of his skill as leader of the chorus. - ovili : we might have expected caprili; but this word seems to have been little used and ovile elsewhere does duty for both sheep and goats; cf. Ovid, Met. 13, 828: aliis in ovilibus haedi. Cf. Bentley, Horace, Vol. 2, p. 33. 58. auxerat: for the tense cf. Prop. 1, 12, 11; 2, 13, 38, n; Ovid, Trist. 3, 11, 25: non sum ego quod fueram. 62. lucida: an unusual adjective in the sense of 'white,' indicating a glistening effect, and corresponding to our familiar expression, as white as snow,' used of wool. 63. hinc refers to the wool. 64. pollice: the thumb of the right hand, while the left hand holds the distaff; Cat. 64, 313: tum prono in pollice torquens 65 70 75 80 atque aliqua adsiduae textrix operata Minervae ipse quoque inter agros interque armenta Cupido illic indocto primum se exercuit arcu : hei mihi, quam doctas nunc habet ille manus! ah miseri, quos hic graviter deus urget! at ille 67. quoque inter agros A quoque inter greges V interque greges G apros R. Klotz. libratum tereti versabat turbine fusum; Ovid, Met. 6, 22: sive levi teretem versabat pollice fusum. 65. aliqua: i.e. here and there one. operata: engaged in the service of'; cf. note on v. 9.Minervae the patroness of weaving; cf. H. & T. § 39. This is best considered not a case of metonymy. 66. latere used collectively, referring to the pieces of brick by which the threads of the warp were weighted to keep them taut, and which would often strike together as the web was moved back and forth for the passage of the shuttle; 'rings the web beneath the driven lay' (Cranst.). ROM. EL. POETSII 161 67. Cf. Pervigilium Ven. 77: ipse Amor puer Dionae rure natus dicitur. Tibullus is fond of using ipse with the name of a divinity; cf. e.g. 1, 3, 58; 2, 2, 5; 1, 8, 5. 73. The perfect tenses express customary action. 74. iratae: sc. puellae. 76. iuvenem: her lover.' 77. pedibus praetemptat iter: her way on tiptoe feels' (Cranst.). 78. ante: adverb. 80. adflat: cf. 2, 4, 57: ubi indomitis gregibus Venus adflat amores. Amor: the more common name of this god in Tibul lus. |