IO vertimus in saevas quod dedit ille feras? divitis hoc vitium est auri, nec bella fuerunt, faginus adstabat cum scyphus ante dapes. non arces, non vallus erat, somnumque petebat securus varias dux gregis inter oves. tunc mihi vita foret, vulgi nec tristia nossem arma nec audissem corde micante tubam: nunc ad bella trahor, et iam quis forsitan hostis 11. vulgi O dulcis Heinsius. in the contrast with the emphatic nos. 6. in . . . feras: the preposition here expresses purpose; cf. Prop. 1, 7, 6, n. 7. divitis: 'precious'; cf. 1, 9, 31: non ullo divitis auri pondere; 3, 3, II: nam grave quid prodest pondus mihi divitis auri; Prop. 3, 5, 4. -- vitium est auri: cf. 1, 1, 1; Prop. 3, 7, 1-2. 8. faginus: a token of primitive simplicity in Rome, before the advent of cups made of silver and gold, or precious stones; cf. Prop. 3, 5, 4; Plin. N. H. 16, 38: Manius Curius iuravit se nihil ex praeda attigisse praeter guttum faginum quo sacrificaret; Ovid, Met. 8, 669; Fast. 5, 522: pocula fagus erant; Verg. Ec. 3, 36. The same general idea is brought out in Tib. 1, 1, 37-40, where the fictilia pocula (of common pottery) are praised; cf. 1, 1, 38, n. scyphus cf. Varro, apud Gell 3, 14, 3. 9. vallus the rarer masc. form for the sake of the meter. = 10. varias: no effort was made to separate sheep of different colors, but all were allowed to run in the same flock. dux gregis 'the shepherd'; but in 2, 1, 58, dux pecoris = 'the ram'; cf. Ovid, Am. 3. 13, 17: duxque gregis cornu per tempora dura recurvo. 11. foret: for the more exact fuisset, i.e. o si tum vixissem! The tense makes the picture more vivid. An unfulfilled wish in this form is rare; cf. G. 261, N. 2. vulgi it is an everyday passion, fit for the rabble, to fight and win sordid gain; Tibullus thinks his tastes purer and higher. 13. nunc = vov dé, as it is,' referring to the actual state of affairs by way of contrast to the previous condition contrary to fact. — trahōr: the syllable is lengthened in this thesis before the following caesura. Cf. Intr. § 43; Verg. Aen. 11, 323: considant si tantus amör, et moenia condant. — quis : for the more usual aliquis, because taken closely with forsitan, a compound of an. 15 20 haesura in nostro tela gerit latere. tunc melius tenuere fidem, cum paupere cultu 14. haesura : ' destined rankle.' to 15. servate: i.e. from war, not in war. et idem pleonastic. 16. tener: 'in tender youth.' - ante pedes: because the little images of the Lares used to stand in a shrine called the Lararium over the hearth; cf. 2, 2, 22. 17. neu pudeat: cf. 1, 1, 38. prisco: old-fashioned'; cf. v. 15; 1, 3, 34; 2, 1, 60; 1, 7, 58. The frequent use of such epithets for the Lares implies a consciousness that they no longer enjoyed the universal veneration of former days. stipite: in early times the images of the Lares were made of wood; later, of stone or metal, often of silver. See Preller 3, 2, p. 108; Baum. Denk., Vol. 2, p. 810; 1, p. 77, fig. 79. 18. sic: i.e. when your images were fashioned of such humble material as wood. 20. exigua . . . aede: humble shrine,' as contrasted with the more elaborate Lararia of later times. deus: the reference is here apparently to the Lares; but a similar simplicity prevailed in early times in the form of other images of divinities; cf. Ovid, Fast. 1, 201-202: Iuppiter angusta vix totus stabat in aede inque Iovis dextra fictile fulmen erat; Verg. Aen. 7, 177 sqq.: veterum effigies ex ordine avorum antiqua e cedro, Italusque paterque Sabinus. vestibulo adstabant. 25 30 35 at nobis aerata, lares, depellite tela, hostiaque e plena rustica porcus hara. miles et in mensa pingere castra mero. non seges est infra, non vinea culta, sed audax illic percussisque genis ustoque capillo 26. Pontanus conjectured a lacuna before this, and supplied 4 vv. hostiaque e O hostia erit w. 37. percussisque O perscissisque P pertusisque Livineius rescissisque Lachmann (parce!) ustisque Deutsch. 6 25. nobis emphatic; but in my case' the petition is, "depellite tela!" 26. porcus: and so an extraordinary thankoffering is promised instead of the usual trifling gifts mentioned in vv. 21-24. Sc. erit. For similar omissions of the copula cf. 1, 3, 49, 50; Prop. 3, 16, 8. This verse is practically the conclusion of the condition implied in the impv. depellite; for the thought cf. I, 1, 22. 27. myrtoque: cf. Hor. Car. 3, 23, 16. canistra: these contained sacrificial utensils and offerings. 29. sic by such offerings. alius: cf. I, I, I. 32. pingere ... mero: cf. Ovid, Her. 1, 31-32: atque aliquis po sita monstrat fera proelia mensa pingit et exiguo Pergama tota mero. 34. inminet: note the contrast to arcessere. - tacito . pede : cf. Ovid, A. A. 3, 712: ipsa nemus tacito clam pede fortis init. 35. non seges . . . culta: cf. 1, 3, 61. The whole description of the lower world following 1, 3,61 is to be compared with this passage. 36. navita turpis: Charon: cf. Verg. Aen. 6, 315: navita sed tristis; 299: terribili squalore Charon; Prop. 3, 18, 24. 37. percussisque genis: the imagination of the ancients pictured the dead as continuing in the same state as that in which they were last seen in the flesh, i.e. on the 40 45 50 errat ad obscuros pallida turba lacus. et calidam fesso conparat uxor aquam. Pax aluit vites et sucos condidit uvae, funderet ut nato testa paterna merum : pace bidens vomerque nitent at tristia duri militis in tenebris occupat arma situs 39. quam GP quin AV. 40. occupat 0 occulit P. 46. curva AV panda P. 49. bidens PV nitens A. vomerque PV vomer A. nitent Guyetus nitet P vident A viderit V vigent sec. man. V w. the poet recurs to the main wish, viz. to avoid war and enjoy peace. - candescere: cf. Prop. 2, 18, 5: quid mea si canis aetas candesceret annis.canis: sc. capillis. 44. temporis ... prisci : cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 3, 173: laudator temporis acti, a tendency characteristic of old age. 45. interea: i.e. till I reach old age. Cf. 1, 1, 69. 46. araturos: A. 499, 2. Cf. 1, 7, 29. curva: cf. Ovid, Ex P. 1, 8, 54: ducam ruricolas sub inga curva boves. 48. testa: i.e. amphora; cf. note on 2, 5..85. B. G., p. 128, n. 7. merum: see 49. nitent: cf. Ovid, Fast. 4, 927: sarcula nunc durusque bidens 55 60 rusticus e lucoque vehit, male sobrius ipse, at lascivus Amor rixae mala verba ministrat, sit satis e membris tenuem rescindere vestem, sit lacrimas movisse satis: quater ille beatus 51. Haupt conjectured the loss of a distich before this v. O obtusa Némethy. 61. rescindere o perscindere AV. et vomer aduncus, ruris opes, niteant; inquinet arma situs. 51. lucoque: the sacred grove where the religious rites of a rural holiday would be celebrated, followed by the festive amusements of the day. Cf. Prop. 4, 6, 71; Ovid, Fast. 3, 525 sqq.; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 140-144. For the position of the que, cf. Intr. § 28; Munro's note on Lucr. 2, 1050; Ovid, Fast. 2, 177, etc. male = non; Ovid, Fast. 6, 785: ecce suburbana rediens male sobrius aede; Her. 7, 27: ille quidem male gratus; Verg. Aen. 2, 23: statio male fida carinis. ipse: as distinguished from the wife and children. Cf. for the customary indulgence 2, I, 29. 52. Cf. Livy, 5, 40, 10. cf. 55. subtusa 53. scissosque capillos: with this passage cf. Prop. 2, 5, 21 sqq.; Hor. Car. 1, 17, 26–28. 56. flet: cf. 2, 5, 103. 58. iratum . . . utrumque: 'the angry pair' (Cranst.). - lentus : 'calmly'; cf. Ovid, Am. 3, 6, 5960: ille habet et silices et vivum in pectore ferrum, qui tenero lacrimas lentus in ore videt. 59. Cf. v. 2; 1, 1, 63. 60. deripit: cf. 1, 2, 82: sertaque de sanctis deripuisse focis. The idea here is borrowed from the attack of the Giants upon heaven. 62. sit satis cf. the repetition in I, I, 43. dissoluisse for the tense cf. I, 1, 46, n. 63. For another point of view see 1, 1, 51. — quater: a variation |