THE ATHENÆUM Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama The London County Council invites applications for the following positions, vacant in JANUARY, 1915, in Secondary Schools: THE COUNTY SECONDARY SCHOOL, BERMONDSEY. A fully qualified GYMNASTIC AND GAMES MISTRESS. Salary 1301. a year fixed. GEORGE GREEN'S SCHOOL, POPLAR, E. JUNIOR FORM MASTER, well qualified in French. Salary 1501. to 2001. a year, according to previous experience, rising to 300l. a year by annual increments of 107. Candidates must, as a rule, have passed a Final Examination for a Degree held by a recognized University. although this qualification may be relaxed provided a candidate is otherwise specially qualified. Applications must be on forms to be obtained, with particulars of the appointment, by sending a stamped addressed foolscap envelope to THE EDUCATION OFFICER, London County Council, Education Offices, Victoria Embankment, W.C, to whom they must be returned by 11 A.M. on FRIDAY, October 16, 1914. Every communication must be marked "H. 4" on the envelope. Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, will disqualify for appoint. ment. No candidate who is a relative of a member of the Advisory Bub-Committee of a School is eligible for appointment. LAURENCE GOMME, Clerk of the London County Council. Education Offices, Victoria Embankment, W.C. BOROUGH OF LOWESTOFT EDUCATION COMMITTEK. [NIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES UNIVER BANGOR. (A Constituent College of the University of Wales.) NIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES BANGOR. TEACHERS' TRAINING DEPARTMENT. JOHN EDWARD LLOYD, M.A., Secretary and Registrar. UNIVERSITY O F MADRA S. APPOINTMENT OF A UNIVERSITY PROFESSORSHIP. A UNIVERSITY PROFESSORSHIP IN INDIAN ECONOMICS. The Professor selected will be required to devote his whole time to Applications from Candidates for the appointment should be sent in by NOVEMBER 1, 1914, to H. J. ALLEN, Esq., M.A.. Barristerat-Law, care of The National Bank of India, Ltd., 26, Bishopsgate, London, F.O. The selected Candidate will be required to bind himself by agree- The University will be prepared to pay the selected Candidate a Senate House, August 20, 1914. APPOINTMENT FRANCIS DEWSBURY, Registrar. OF A MISTRESS OF The Secretary of State for the Colonies requires a MISTRESS OF It is desirable that candidates should be graduates of a British The salary attached to the post is 2507., rising by annual increments of 251. to 350l. a year. Free quarters are not provided, but a house allowance is made of 7 per cent of the salary. Half salary will be paid from the date of embarkation in this country, and full salary from the date of arrival in the Colony. The engagement will be in the first instance for a period of three years. Candidates who wish to be considered for this post should submit The selected candidate will be required to take up her post in APPOINTMENT OF AN ART MASTER AND INSTRUCTOR OF MANUAL TRAINING AT THE The Secretary of State for the Colonies requires an ART MASTER Candidates, who should be unmarried, should hold such qualifications as an Art Master's Certificate and the City and Guilds' Manual Training First-Class Certificate or equivalent certificates. They should have experience, if possible, of ordinary teaching in addition to four years' experience in teaching Art and Manual Training subjects, and should be able to lecture on the teaching of these subjects. The salary attached to the position is 3007., rising by annual increments of 251. to 4007. a year. No quarters are provided, but a house allowance of 7 per cent of the salary is made. Half salary will be paid from the date of embarkation in this country, and full salary from the date of arrival in the Colony. The engagement will be in the first instance for a period of three years. The selected candidate will be required to train teachers in Art and Manual instruction, and also to teach these subjects in the school attached to the Training College. Candidates who wish to be considered for this post should submit their applications, in covers marked "C.A.," to THE SECRETARY, Board of Education, Whitehall, London, 8. W. Scottish candidates should apply to THE SECRETARY, Scotch Education Department, Whitehall, London, S.W. The selected candidate will be required to take up his post in Ceylon on JANUARY 1, 1915. HE APPOINTMENT OF A PROFESSOR OF MAHARAJA OF TRAVANCORE AT TRIVANDRUM. A PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH is required for the MAHARAJA'8 Candidates should be University graduates in honours, and not more The salary offered is Rs. 400 a month, rising by annual increments of Rs. 50 a month to Rs. 750 a month. An allowance of Rs. 50 & month as house rent will be made, and it is possible that some initial increase of emoluments might be made in the case of a specially well qualified man. PRICE REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER. Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland, £1 88.; Foreign, £1 10s. 6d. Entered at the New York Post Office as Second Class matter. The Publishers will be much obliged to any reader who will acquaint them with any difficulty that may be experienced in obtaining copies of the paper. TWO ASSISTANT MASTERS are REQUIRED for this School. Candidates should be 25 to 30 years of age, unmarried, Graduates of Oxford or Cambridge University, and possess experience of classteaching generally, since the work of the School covers the requirements of the Cambridge Local Examination, Preliminary, Junior, and Nenior. Salary Taels 250 per mensem without allowances, except participation in the Superannuation Fund and free medical attendance, under agreement for three years, with increase if the agreement is renewed. The value of the Tael at present rate of exchange is about 28. 4d., but is liable to fluctuation. First-class passage is provided, and half pay during voyage. COUNTY BOROUGH OF SUNDERLAND. BEDE COLLEGIATE BOYS' SCHOOL. WANTED, AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, JUNIOR FORM MASTER, well qualified to teach young boys most of the usual school subjects. Degree, good discipline and teaching power, and fair handwriting, all essential. Salary to begin at 1407., and rise to 2001. according to scale. Also, owing to the war, TEMPORARY MASTER, for a Term or longer, for Junior Form work and History. Essential qualifications as in the other case, but good History in addition. Salary according to credentials, but not more than 1607. a year. Application forms and salary scale obtainable on sending stamped addressed envelope to the undersigned, to whom applications should be returned without delay. HERBERT REED, Secretary to the Education Committee. 15, John Street, Sunderland, September 24, 1914. COUNTY BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL. Candidates who wish to be considered for this post should submit TO AUTHORS.-MESSRS. DIGBY, LONG & Co. their applications as soon as possible, in covers marked "O.A.," to (Publishers of 'The Author's Manual,' 38. 6d. net, Ninth Edition) are prepared to consider M88 in all Departments of Literature with a view to Publication in Volume Form.-Address 16, Bouverie Street, Fleet Street London F.C. 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THE EARL OF CROMER, Contains papers on Imperial Germany,' "The Home Policy of Germany,' "The Old Prussian Army,' and other material of varied interest. Athenæum.- "In these anxious times it is a great relief to turn to Lord Cromer as he serenely discourses on his various pursuits in politics and literature. To any one suffering from 'war nerves,' we can recommend no healthier tonic than these masculine essays." STEPHEN GRAHAM'S NEW BOOK. With Poor Immigrants to America. By STEPHEN GRAHAM, Author of 'With the Russian Pilgrims to Jerusalem.' Illustrated. 8vo, 88. 6d. net. Yorkshire Post.-"Full of vivid pictures of the daily life of men and women." Modern Pig-Sticking. By AN AMERICAN GLOSSARY. BY RICHARD H. THORNTON In two volumes. This work is commended to the at- 'An American Glossary' is not a Slang Dictionary, though of necessity it includes specimens of vulgar diction. The illustrative quotations, which are accurately dated, number 14,000; and of these more than 11,000 belong to the period before the Civil War. In some instances a word or phrase which might be thought purely American is traced to an Elizabethan or Jacobean origin. A History of Norwich from the earliest days. The Heart of East Anglia. IAN C. HANNAH. (Illustrated.) 78. 6d. net. [Oct. A Book for all Lovers of Chess. The Second Player in the Col. TEVERSHAM, D.S.O. 28. net. [Oct. With a Preface by Dr. OSCAR LEVY. G. CHATTERTON HILL, Ph.D. 78. 6d. net. [Ready. "The book is unusually well edited" (Spectator). "It will have a permanent value for the student of philology" (Aberdeen Press). "It is the most comprehensive and elaborate work which has yet appeared in its peculiar field' (N.Y. World). "It is an extensive and valuable work of much research" (Times). "It is quite as interesting as a novel, The Philosophy of Nietzsche. and, in places, as funny as a farce (Standard). "It must always prove valuable to philologers who recognize the effectiveness of the historical method" (Scotsman). "It is an amazing collection of what are known as 'Yankeeisms'" (Daily Express). "We find throughout dated instances which show clearly the The Voice in the Wilderness. development of language, and give [this] careful and erudite work a status such as is accorded to the New English Dictionary" (Athenæum). FRANCIS & CO., 13, Bream's Buildings, E.C. SIX-SHILLING FICTION. By the Author of 'Leaves from a Life,' &c. A Novel breathing of peace and goodwill. T. ERNST JACKSON. [Oct. 10. By the Author of 'A White Witch,' &c. Malevola. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1914. CONTENTS. PAGE ETHICAL ASPECTS OF THE WAR (Why We are at War; 323 824 325 325 326 327 327 Clarendon Press volume, then we think that the White Paper would be even more useful than it now is. The members of the Oxford Faculty of Modern History give the reasons which led to the neutrality of Belgium and 322 Luxemburg. They show how Belgium became a neutral state for the convenience of Europe, how the privileges of Belgium have been maintained for eighty years, and how the people of that country have fulfilled the obligations with which they were burdened. Belgium has proved to the world that she possesses other titles to existence than those afforded by treaties, and probably there is no one outside Germany who would now argue that if Belgium were blotted out the world would not be the poorer. The authors make it clear that it was in the interest of the Great Powers, rather than for her own advantage, that Belgium was made a sovereign independent state, and that in fighting for Belgium we are fighting for the law of nations. 328-329 330-331 331 832 THE LATE PROF. TYRRELL; 'THE GARDEN OF LOVE' GOSSIP SCIENCE-THE DEPOSITS OF THE USEFUL MINERALS AND ROCKS; DANTE AND THE EARLY ASTRONOMERS; DR. H. J. JOHNSTON-LAVIS; MEETINGS NEXT WEEK 333-334 ETHICAL ASPECTS OF THE WAR. THE admirable statement of the British case entitled 'Why We are at War' at War' has been written by men who are not politicians, who belong to different schools of thought, and who have proved that they possess the power to handle evidence. Much of it is based on the British White Book, but it also contains a reprint of the German White Book and other documents which it is not easy to obtain in England. The authors will not think us ungrateful if we say that we still prefer the famous English Parliamentary Paper which gave, without any comment, the dispatches up to the moment of our declaration of war. That Paper contains the best possible justification as to Why We are at War." In one trifling point it could, however, be improved. Those who attempt to study it with care must often find it difficult to remember who are the persons to whom some of the letters and telegrams are addressed. If the Government would take a leaf out of the book before us, and would give, at the beginning of their White Paper, such a list of the dramatis persona as appears at p. 67 of the 66 Why We are at War: Great Britain's Case. The Deeper Causes of the War. By Dr. 66 Lancastrian of The Church Times. (Mowbray & Co., 3d.) The War and Conscience. By the Right in 1803 England demanded the evacuaThe authors recall the fact that early tion of Holland and Switzerland on the part of the French, and that Napoleon replied, "Switzerland and Holland are mere trifles." The First Consul then, like the Imperial Chancellor of to-day, professed to be unable to understand why Great of treaties. The "scrap of paper" is Britain should insist upon the observance nothing new; but the authors do a public service when they point out that in 1870 Bismarck made use of the same scrap -the Treaty of 1839 and on that occasion to prevent England from supporting France. They remind us that Bismarck published the proposal, alleged to have been made to him by Benedetti in 1866, that Prussia should help France to acquire Belgium as a solace for Prussian annexations in Northern Germany. In 1870, as now, we stood by the Treaty of '39; and the result in 1870 was that Germany and France entered into an identic Treaty with Great Britain to the effect that if either belligerent violated Belgian territory, Great Britain would join the other power in defence of it. The authors show that as an independent state Belgium is proves that this well-established principle was reaffirmed by the Powers as recently as 1907. But Germany shows no regard for treaties or pledges, and is surprised. that other Powers should let themselves be hampered by solemn obligations. The Prussian idea of truth may be judged from the fact that on July 29th Germany told England that the Russian mobilization was alarming, that France was also making military preparations, and that Germany might have to proclaim an imminent state of war measure to the French preparations. It is now known that at that very moment her preparations had gone far beyond the preliminary stage she thus indicated, and papers found on German soldiers are evidence of the fact that as early as July 20th, or three days before the Austrian ultimatum to Servia, Germany was mobilizing, or preparing to mobilize, her army. Some day we may get evidence which will show the date when the German liners were converted at sea into cruisers. As some influential people in this country, for whose work in the past we have great respect, are now attempting to start a movement to define in advance terms of peace, it is important to bear in mind that the Anglo-French Entente was not a treaty, and that its solidarity was brought about by the mere interchange of letters between our Secretary for Foreign Affairs and the French Ambassador in London. It is difficult to see how such an exchange of views could be prevented if the work of the and difficult, therefore, to know how Foreign Office is to be carried on at all, people who wish to fetter the hands of our Foreign Office can, in a country of Parliamentary government like this, hope to attain their object. It The little book under discussion deserves all the praise that can be given to it, but include Sir Maurice de Bunsen's dispatch, when it goes to a second edition it must published just after it appeared. must also tell us something about the Russian Orange Book, not seen here until the authors had completed their task. The Bunsen dispatch, dated September 1st, proves beyond the possibility of dispute that Austria was forced into war. She did not expect war with Russia, and was ready to agree to mediation. It is pretty clear that she would have welcomed a way out of the difficulty into which she had let herself be drawn. But it has been shown that the German Ambassador at Vienna desired war from the first"; and it has become certain that Germany forced the pace and declared war on Russia a week before her friend Austria was ready to start. |