Records of the Worshipful Company of Carpenters. Vol. I. Apprentices' Entry Books, 1654-94. Transcribed and edited by Bower Marsh. (The Company.) AMONG the more enlightened of the Livery

Guilds of the ancient city of London is the Worshipful Company of Carpenters. It is not one of the twelve "Great Companies," neither can it boast wealth in the sense

of, say, the Mercers, the Grocers, or the Goldsmiths. The Company may, however, be called affluent, with the qualification that it is a "minor" guild, ranking twenty-sixth among some eighty entitled to a livery. More important is the fact that it stands high in good work. The Trades Training School in Great Titchfield Street is but one of the many activities of an enterprising Court of Assistants, and in living up to its fifteenth-century motto, "Honour God," it is performing a service which several of the "great" Companies themselves might well investigate. The latest of the activities of the Carpenters' Company is a decision to place before the public all such of its records as are of interest to the outside world. The importance of this resolve may easily be under-estimated, for much of great value to the English people, especially from the point of view of the growth and development of the crafts which made England great, is buried in the

teenth and seventeenth centuries un

achieve. So, argued Mr. Balfour, might old forms and old solutions of pressing problems be turned to account to-day. Labour is restive under a system which the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century periods of the London Guilds would not have tolerated. How far the unrest, with the system of which it is the outcome, is due to the abandonment of the safeguards found necessary by the old City craftsmen is worth inquiry; and inquiry must be preceded by a study in minute detail of the records which tell the story. Certainly many of the problems of to-day could not have existed under the

guidance of the old Guilds. Child labour was very closely regulated, and in many cases completely forbidden, and women's labour, too, came under review. It would seem, moreover, that the power of is generally supposed. the City Guild was more far-reaching than In Mr. Bower Marsh's first volume of 'The Records of the Carpenters' Company,' in which he has transcribed the Apprentices' Entry Books from 1654 to 1694, he is able to point out that of 2,753 apprentices bound during the period but few were Londoners, or were bound with a view to practising the craft in London. The entries show that they came from all over the kingdom, and even from beyond the seas, and, having served their time, left to take up the trade in other parts. Thus the influence and the methods of the Guild were widely dispersed, and it follows that, even though its orders might not have been binding outside a given area, it dominated, and spoke with an authority which the craft as a whole could and to which in time of need there might be appeal. That is an important sidelight on the old guild worthy of attention. During the forty years of which these

accept,

This

The greater portion of this handsomely bound volume, which shows considerable taste in its production, is taken up with the names of the apprentices. ought to be a happy hunting-ground for all interested in English surnames. One which is remarkable is that of John Ketch, who is described as the son of Thomas Ketch of Milsom, in the County of Wilts, Carpenter." There is, however, as the author points out, nothing except the name and the suitability of age to connect him with the executioner, of whose early life nothing seems to be known.

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Altogether the author and the Company may be congratulated on the work: the author on the evident care he has taken, and the Company upon its enterprise. The book appears at a time when, as Lord Haldane said only a few days ago, our ancient pre-eminence in industry is the subject of successful attack by other nations using other methods. That some new move is necessary is apparent, and the publication of the material indispensable for a careful study of all that has gone before is a real help towards the solution of the problem.

Thirty Years' Anglo-French Reminiscences (1876-1906). By Sir Thomas Barclay. (Constable & Co., 12s. 6d. net.)

SIR THOMAS BARCLAY, who went to Paris as a correspondent of The Times in 1876, and held that post till 1882, is chiefly known in France and in England as the man who worked for a good understanding between the two countries. He lived in Paris for some three-and-thirty years, and has known many men and been behind the scenes in some important affairs. His memoirs colloquial style, and he disavows any intention to give a consecutive or

are written in

ex

cover. He attempts merely to speak of

road.

In these days of unrest, when even the far sighted statesman fails penetrate the gloom which appears to surround the very foundations of our national life, may it not be well to ask, What can these great ancestors teach us?

What exactly of their doings have they

left behind? Mr. Balfour, in one of his happiest speeches, pointed to the value of tradition. Before a select City audience met to commemorate, according to custom," Oakapple Day, he urged the lesson of the Restoration. Cromwell out of success built failure, and his failure was due to to his break with tradition. The dissatisfaction which was the natural result of reaction caused the people to turn to their old forms, and in the rehabilitation of these to find solace, if not the perfection they had endeavoured to

brick and stone were to be utilized. Even houses had been of wood; now, however, and the dimensions of the demand. The more far-reaching were the suddenness Company's freemen were insufficient to meet requirements, and the "foreign " journeyman was admitted. As Mr. Bower Marsh puts it:—

"The numerical insufficiency of the Company's freemen of itself rendered necessary those provisions of the Act for rebuilding the City of London' (19 Car. II. cap. 3) by which they were deprived of their monopoly. The foreign' journeyman, against whom for some three centuries they had waged successful war, could now go to work under the protection of the State, and the trade advantages of belonging to a Corporation no longer able to enforce its privileges lost much of their attraction."

To meet the new order the Company took to examining indentures of apprentices who had served their time outside the freemen of the Guild; but despite every activity on its part it suffered a blow from which as the holder of a craft monopoly it never recovered.

less in contact, but he pleads that he has his time he met every one worth knowing been very close to the stage of action. In in Paris, including people so widely different as Jules Simon, Renan, the Duc de Broglie, and Gambetta.

The whole story of the author's work for the promotion of goodwill between England and France is told at a length which is sometimes tedious, including as it does many pages reprinted from newspapers. As we read the chapters in which he dwells enthusiastically on that entente for which he did so much, we cannot help feeling that he underrates ite accompanying difficulties. We have always welcomed a good understanding with France, but must bear in mind that the League of Peace of which people talk has left us with a navy which costs more than fifty millions a year, that France has been compelled to return to a threeyears' service, that Russia has increased her peace effectives by one half, and that Germany groans at the increasing cost of her army and navy. In spite of the entente, and some might say on account of it, the Great Powers each year spend

According to him, the strained relations of France and Germany are chiefly due to a clause in the Treaty of Frankfort which in 1871 secured in perpetuity for France, as between the contracting parties, that most favoured - nation treatment which, French Protectionists have since discovered, benefits German trade rather than their own. The author says that the French have never ceased to execrate the clause, and he believes that, as much as anything else, it has embittered French feeling against Germany.

or

Sir Thomas Barclay has, of course, a good deal to say about the negotiations for a Treaty of Commerce which were conducted on behalf of England by Dilke in 1881, and it is suggested that Dilke had to yield in this particular case to instructions reflecting the convictions of Gladstone Sir Louis Mallet. The author, perhaps, has his doubts, and he does not seem to us to prove his case. Neither do we think that he proves that we made a great mistake in not accepting the Treaty the French offered us." His view is that the doctrinaires, who thought that to take less than we got in 1860 was sacrificing the principle of Free Trade, incurred a heavy responsibility for the unfortunate consequences of their obstinacy. Against this view it might be

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argued that the new treaties which were concluded at that time gave us mostfavoured-nation treatment and an improvement on the tariffs previously in force. But in any case, whether he is right or wrong, his facts provide a store of ammunition for those who object to Protectionist views.

Of Fashoda we are told that the public did not know how grave was the danger

at that moment.

"During the negotiations the French Mediterranean fleet was ordered to Cherbourg, and at dead of night, with lights extinguished, passed Gibraltar unperceived by the British authorities. The mayors at the Channel ports were instructed to requisition, the churches for hospital work....

A Pilgrimage in Surrey. By James S. Ogilvy. 2 vols. (Routledge & Sons, 21. 10s. net.)

MR. OGILVY in these two OGILVY in these two handsome volumes tells us much, in a solid and, on the whole, satisfactory style, of manorial tenures, the traditions of great families, and the history of the old monasteries; but his volumes owe their main value and attractiveness to his brush rather than his pen. His ninety-four coloured plates attain a high level, and can scarcely fail to satisfy the lover of Surrey. The frontispiece to the first volume sets forth with much grace the beauties of Old Kew Bridge, closely followed by a plate depicting the little-known charm of Isleworth from the towpath. The third picture, of the Opening Ceremony at St. Margaret's Lock, is not so good a subject; but Petersham Road, Richmond, with the subdued glow of its red-tiled roofs, is a faithful and comely reminder. The somewhat desolate-looking river front of the historic Ham House is just what it should be; it is stoutly maintained that the great iron gates were closed when Charles I. was beheaded, and that they have never since been opened. So far as the date of these quadrupled gates is concerned the story may be true, for they bear the arms of Tollemache and Murray, and the union of these two families took place in 1645. Mr. Ogilvy is at his best in depicting the Weir at Chertsey, with Laleham House in the distance. As he says:

In summer the little island by the lock is a wonderfully pleasant place; the water drones gently over the weir into the shadows of the great willows, and steals downwards towards the picturesque high-backed bridge; this pool seldom lacks some quiet people in punts, or anglers who hope some day to catch such another trout as the historic fourteen-pounder of 1870; all things come to those who wait, but no trout appeared while I worked there-roach, dace, eels, and such-like in plenty."

officers' hands, and everything was in readiness for mobilisation, if the French Government should be confronted with an ultimatum.

Sir Thomas Barclay adds that "by dint of trying to circumvent each other the two Foreign Offices brought their respective nations to the brink of the most foolish war any two civilized States ever seriously contemplated."

The book is, unfortunately, sometimes stale. It must have been written a long time back, and has not been well revised. It may be noted, for instance, that the author speaks of Senator Richard Waddington as though that distinguished man were still alive. There is an allusion at p. 45 to a Declaration of Gambetta, and the date of it is given as November 15th, 1887; but it is hardly necessary for us to point out that Gambetta died five years before that time.

summer afternoon in searching for it, screened as it is from the road by two great walnut trees, and easy to miss. It is curious how inaccurate legends gather round old houses which have genuine historic claims. On the reviewer's first visit a gentleman of the neighbourhood

was confident that this house was

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favourite trysting - place of the amorous Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn, also that the rooms could be identified where the Princess Mary was confined on the death of her youthful brother Edward VI. Mr. Ogilvy does well, in the interests of truth, to destroy such stories by pointing out that the royal arms are sculptured over the chief doorway, with the initials E. R., and the date 1578. The house took its name from a resident in the next century, Chief Justice Sir Robert Foster, whose bust in Egham church bears the date 1663;

it was called Great to distinguish it from Fosters near Windlesham.

Mr. Ogilvy's versatile brush next treats of the open heath of Chobham Common. He is singularly happy in his view from Staple Hill, the more easterly of the two little hills crowned with Scotch firs which are the chief features of the heath. These firs are said to have been planted about 1750, and are now rapidly dwindling. We are glad to find that Mr. Ogilvy did not neglect in his varied pilgrimages the old village of Woking, with its picturesque, straggling street, and interesting church of Norman foundation on the left bank of the Wey. The view he gives shows two of its oldest houses, one of Elizabethan and the other of early Jacobean date. This village lies a good mile and a half south of the modern town of Woking with its railway station. The station was opened as long ago as 1836, and in the company's first time-table it was called "Horsell for Woking." It stood in the midst of an open heath, and for several years the only residence near it was a public-house.

Guildford, as might be expected, affords subjects for four plates. A short distance does justice, so far as picture can, to its from Guildford is Loseley, and Mr. Ogilvy noble array of grey gables and spacious windows. Another fine old Surrey house is Milton Court, near Dorking, a good example in red brick of late Elizabethan or early Jacobean work on a large scale. It was built by the Evelyn family about the beginning of the seventeenth century, and after strange vicissitudes was bought by the husband of the present owner, about thirty-five years ago, from Mr. Evelyn of Wotton. The many gables of this fine old house, by an unfortunate error of judgment, were pulled down in comparatively recent times, and their wavy outlines replaced by steep angular gables, thus falsifying the date, and depriving the house of its special characteristics. One of the original curved gables was, however, suffered to remain on the garden front. It is this view of the house that attracted the attention of Mr. Ogilvy, who was apparently unaware of these disastrous alterations; his picture suffers from the brightness of the floral arcade in the foreground. He happily abstained, when at Farnham, from sketching the stereotyped view of the old gateway of the castle gained by a steep flight of steps, or selecting other hackneyed prospects of castle or church. In the place of these we find telling pictures of Castle He Street, and of Cobbett's birthplace. is happy, too, in his selection of two pictures of Ewhurst; but why does he spell it Ewehurst? The only picture in this first volume that disappoints us is the view of St. Martha's Chapel from Shalford Common.

The second volume has for its frontispiece the fine house of Baynard's Park, near to the Sussex border. This is another great Elizabethan house, built in 1577 by Sir George More of Loseley, and carefully restored; but we should scarcely have

thought it was worthy of two views in addition to the frontispiece, particularly

as several old homesteads are overlooked. The most interesting object in this house, well furnished with old armour and fine pictures, is the charter - chest of Sir Thomas More, wherein, it is said, his piously purloined head was kept before its removal to the vaults of St. Dunstan's Church, Canterbury, where it now rests. Reigate is well illustrated by two pictures, the one of the Swan Yard, and the other of Slipshod Lane, where there is a picturesque Tudor frontage with a tilehung projecting upper story.

But while we are well pleased with the pictures, it is not possible to feel quite satisfied with the text. Mr. Ogilvy states in the Preface that, in the matter of manorial descents and kindred subjects, he has been careful to consult such autho

rities as Aubrey and Evelyn, Manning and Bray, as well as Brayley and Britton, and this he has done faithfully. Manning and Bray were most competent authorities for the days in which they wrote, and did remarkably good work in view of the difficulty of access to old records and their general disorder. But his faithfulness to these writers has led Mr. Ogilvy distinctly astray on several occasions, and has deprived his text of a variety of valuable later knowledge. It is singular that he makes no reference of any kind to the four large volumes of the Victoria County History of Surrey,' wherein the descent of every manor in the county is set out by the best experts in record work. Again, had he consulted the second volume of this series, he would have found the story series, he would have found the story of every Surrey religious house set forth with fullness, and several inaccuracies taken from old-fashioned sources might have been avoided. The interesting story of the Priory of Sheen, founded by Henry V.

for

ex

forty Carthusian monks and travagantly endowed, occupies several pages of this book; but when the author dilates on the nature of their endowments, he does not mention the remarkable extent of the income derived from "spiritualties," for no fewer than forty churches were appropriated to the priory, including seven in the Isle of Wight. In the Victoria History' attention is drawn to the considerable number of valuable MSS. pertaining to this house, abounding in interesting matter. Mr. Ogilvy tells, after his own fashion, chiefly from Stow, about the bringing of the body of James IV. to this monastery after his death at the battle of Flodden Field in 1513; also of the extraordinary indignities it is said to have suffered in later days. These stories contain certain contradictory and almost incredible details. The Scots steadily maintained that the body found and conveyed to London, and afterwards to Sheen Priory, was not that of their king, and this, at all events, ought to have been stated.

America and the Americans from a Chinese Point of View. By Wu Tingfang. (Duckworth & Co., 7s. 6d. net.)

DR. WU TINGFANG occupied the Chinese Legation at Washington for nearly eight years, and there made many friends who in the characteristic American way-have been anxious to know what he thought of their country. He now accedes to this request by publishing a book which, though not very long, is full of interesting criticisms. Perhaps these are not always meant to be taken quite seriously, as when the author suggests that the President of a country which is full of Coal Kings and Lumber Kings and Iron Kings ought at least to be called Emperor, in order to preserve his pre-eminence; or when he proposes that American women should cease to import their fashions from Paris or Vienna, and adopt the more modest and becoming dress of Chinese women; or when, again, he states his belief that American marriages would, on the whole, be happier if they were arranged, as in China, by the parents.

Dr. Tingfang earned a reputation for dry humour when he was in Washington, and he is evidently still "full of his fun." But, in general, he may be considered to be perfectly in earnest in his criticisms. Of all countries in the world, he tells us, Chinese. It is one of the few which have America is the most interesting to the long carried on business relations with China without ever employing force to settle a disputed question, or showing any desire for territorial acquisitions. The late Manchu Government thought that it for harbouring political refugees so readily, had a grievance against the United States and for sending back so many Chinese students imbued with affection for democratic and republican institutions. Neither of these grievances is likely to be felt by the Chinese Republic, and the only remaining cause of friction is the Chinese exclusion policy of Washington. Dr. Tingfang suggests that this might be removed by the appointment of a commission composed of representatives of the labour unions, manufacturers, and merchants, to discuss the whole question of Chinese immigration with a similar body nominated by the Chinese Government.

"It is my belief [he writes] that the gross injustice that has been inflicted upon the Chinese people by the harsh working of the majority of the American people, for I am exclusion law is not known to the large

sure they would not allow the continuation of

such hardships to be suffered by those who are their sincere friends. China does not wish special treatment; she only asks that her people shall be treated in the same way as the citizens or subjects of other countries." We are afraid that the time is not yet ripe for any such reform as Dr. Tingfang suggests, and that the cry of suggests, and that the cry of "Chinese cheap labour "-at any rate on the Pacific coast is still too potent an influence at the polls to be disregarded by any American

statesman.

The most interesting chapters in Dr. Tingfang's very readable book are the two in which he draws a parallel between

American and Chinese civilization, and

acutely shows that there is still a good deal to be said for the latter:

66

'We have managed a fairly large society for thousands of years without the bitter class hatreds, class divisions, and class struggles that have marred the fair progress We have not enslaved our of the West.

lives to wealth. We like luxury, but we like other things better. We love life more than chasing imitations of life."

A cultivated Chinaman, we perceive, is still apt to regard Western ideals with the amused, though tolerant superiority which the philosophers of the eighteenth century expected him to express.

The chapters dealing with American business methods and manners, women and

costumes, social functions and amusements, show that Dr. Tingfang turned his opportunities for observation to excellent account, and will be read with equal entertainment and instruction both in this country (to which many of his remarks apply with almost equal force) and in the Great-and no longer thin-skinned-Republic.

Chronicles of Erthig on the Dyke. By Albinia Lucy Cust (Mrs. Wherry). 2 vols. (John Lane, 11. 5s. net.) ERTHIG HOUSE was built in 1682 by by Inigo Jones. The cost of building this Joshua Edisbury in the style introduced noble dwelling on Wat's Dyke, in addition to other extravagances, involved Joshua and his brother in financial ruin and disgrace. The estate was sold by order of the Court of Chancery. It passed into principal mortgagees, who, as a Master the hands of John Meller, one of the in Chancery, probably made a good bargain when he purchased it for 17,000l. in 1715. Erthig has remained in his family ever since. For it was inherited by his nephew, Simon Yorke, whose son, Philip Yorke, married a daughter of Sir John Cust, and passed on his inheritance down to the present day. John Meller it was who, with the aid of good taste and a long purse, furnished Erthig; and succeeding generations have added to the list of treasures and paintings, the record and illustrations of which form the most

valuable feature in these two stout volumes edited by Mrs. Wherry. For though the letters now printed represent the correspondence of successive generations from the time of Joshua Edisbury to the beginning of the Victorian era, and form a sequence which is rare among private records of the sort, the great majority of them are of little public interest or literary mark. A very large number of them are concerned wholly, or in the main, with details of estate management, the business of getting the successive generations married, or commissions to friends in town and country for buying setters, falcons, tea, waistcoats, saddlery, wine, tippets, tobacco, Hungary water, powders for the toothache, or the thousand and one familiar details of domestic life in the eighteenth century. A few of the best of these letters might, indeed,

deceive a connoisseur if he were told that they were extracted from 'Humphry Clinker. Certainly Smollett would not have rejected this little picture of high life below stairs in 1725 :—

"Ellis comes to see us every day, I should say every night, we have all the maids down into the kitchin, and Ellis sing his fine opera tunes to that degree that our maids is quite fallen in Love with him. I brings him to the Seller first to drink a Cup of the Welch beer and likewise a Cup of the Reading beer that set Ellis voice on bravely. Captain Draper fought a Duel with Pistolls a Horseback, and the noble Captain was shot through the thigh and Ellis swear his Master will die.

occasional

Politically, in spite of letters from the House, there is little of importance; though the correspondence of John Meller, as a new Whig landowner in a country-side of Tories, affords a glimpse of the change that was wrought in a Jacobite stronghold by the management of Walpole, as well as of the panic into which the country was thrown by the '45. In 1694 we learn that the House of Commons sat soe long that som of the Members fainted away and Mr. Shackerley run for a surgeon.' In the matter of all-night sittings, at any rate, our modern representatives may boast that they are better than their forefathers!

66

"The Poor People are poor indeed, and mostly by choice, for very few chuse to work,

that can raise a few Potatoes, and so many are Popish, and would not strike a spike on a Popish Saint's Day, and we all know they are very numerous. Victuals are good and cheap, the Venison is excellent, and so plentiful that it is literally true there is not a Cabbin of the most wretched that has not a [? haunch] to it.”

Mrs. Wherry has performed her task as editor-evidently a labour of love with great care. In one instance, we fancy, the Julian Calendar has caught her napping. The letter (i. 295) which she assigns to 1749, and declares to have been written when the author was а

bachelor, must, from internal evidence,

have been written when he was married

a year later. It is a case of January,

1749 O.S.

The Church, the State, and the Poor: a Series of Historical Sketches. By W. Edward Chadwick. (Robert Scott, 6s. net.)

DR. CHADWICK starts his survey, which is an historical one, from the point of view that "the problems of poverty are, as a rule, much more problems of character than problems of circumstance.”

If this were entirely so, a philosophical rather than an historical investigation

would seem more likely to be fruitful; but Dr. Chadwick clearly prefers history and theology to philosophy. The social conditions of to-day seem to him to be the result largely of want of foresight and wisdom on the part of our rulers during the last century and a half, especially at the time of the Industrial Revolution. We are still, he would say, repeating their methods, and perpetuating a succession of disasters. He would show us, by a history of the past, how to do better in future.

The sum total of his book is that we should do better if we tried to study economic problems on Christian principles; that we should be grateful to such leaders as Westcott and Dr. Gore and Canon Scott Holland. But it hardly needed a large book to tell us that, and least of all an historical book. To condemn the repressive legislation of the eighteenth century would seem to be to flog a dead horse. Yet are we not, in proposals to fix wages by law, falling back upon very old methods, and imitating not only the authors of the Statutes of Labourers, but also the authors of the Speenhamland Act? In truth, the difficulty lies not in the enunciation, but in the application, of principles; and here we cannot feel that Dr. Chadwick helps us much.

His lengthy historical sketch-rather flimsy in regard to the early Church and the Middle Ages, but fuller when he reaches English history since the fifteenth century-is interesting, if not specially illuminative. More arresting are his personal judgments, which we regret he has not given himself space to develope. He might, indeed, have written quite a valuable book on the thesis-which he states only to abandon, or to lose it in

a cloud of details-that

"what is termed Christian social work (and of this work, that on behalf of the poor is the chief part), if it is to be wisely done and with permanently good results, must be the issue of a real faith in the whole Christian creed."

He makes a very interesting point as to Christ's teaching on the importance of

66

environment. He takes the recent view of the conversion of the Empire, which practically amounts to saying that if the Church did the world some good, the world did the Church more harm. Is not this very near to denying the thesis about

the relation of Christian doctrine to moral

progress? Nor do we find him quite consistent in his views of Luther and Calvin, or of the Evangelicals of a century and a century and a half ago; or very discerning in his opinion of the effect of clerical nonresidence, or in his agreement with Prof. Dicey that in England the French Revolution worked nothing but evil. We become clearer, strange to say, when we get to F. D. Maurice and the early Christian Socialists; but what would Maurice have said to Collectivism, which Dr. Chadwick puts into the title of his chapter about them? Really, Dr. Chadwick raises a good many questions that he does not answer, and, perhaps, hardly sees. perhaps, hardly sees.

FICTION.

Paul Moorhouse. By George Wouil. (John Long, 68.)

THAT blessed substantive

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Wakes," in conjunction with an atmosphere of smoke, machinery, and Bank Holidays at Blackpool, suggests an analogy between this story and a popular modern play; but it does not extend either to the characters

or the action. Paul Moorhouse, a workman socially on the up-grade, loves one woman and is about to marry her, but, having entangled himself with a second, sacrifices himself and his fiancée to what seems a claim of honour, and blows out his brains on discovering that the renunciation was uncalled for, and that he has all along been shouldering another man's responsibilities. The hero's experiences, responsibilities. mental and external, are carefully studied, and the two female figures, an elementaryschool mistress and a fourth-rate actress, form an effective contrast.

The Romances of Amosis Ra. By Frederic Thurstan. (Francis Griffiths, 6s.) MR. THURSTAN takes himself and his hero seriously; of that there can be no manner of doubt. He traces for Amosis Ra (who turns out to be Moses) a careful series of startling and victorious experiences and adventures, hedged about with the protection of the magic of the Egyptians in its highest form. But his history leaves much to be desired. Akhnaton, the "heretic "king, who, according to most authorities, reigned some seventeen years, and died before he was forty, is firmly seated on his throne-according to Mr. Thurstan-for nearly half a century, and the other hand, is not permitted to enjoy dies in his eightieth year. Horenheb, on the thirty-four years or so usually allotted to him by the historians, but is cut off in his prime within a few months of his succession to the throne. These and sundry other inexactitudes somewhat mar the book, and it is the greater pity because where the author is really interested he is accurate. Thus for his magic he has studied the Tarot to some purpose, though he is lavish to an unnecessary degree with psychic auras and influences, even bringing them into the description of a chariot race, where their presence is so distinctly unfair that the competitor should have been disqualified.

Jetsam. By Victor Bridges. (Mills & THE short stories Mr. Bridges has collected Boon, 68.) in this volume have already in some cases found favour with editors, and are commended by their brightness and ingenuity. The author makes his points aptly, and certainly achieves some devention of a "prehistoric" setting as a lightful surprises. The worn-out convehicle for farcical fun does not suit him,

but usually his humour is agreeable, circles, or invents startling escapes for conespecially when he deals with Bohemian victs. His writing has in it the elements of popularity, including some outrageous puns, but he is, we think, capable of real

artistry, if time and circumstances allow.

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Philadelphia, American Sunday School Union The book has been arranged for daily reading by Mr. James McConaughy, who writes a brief Introduction, an Outline, and questions to each book. There are illustrations from paintings. Open-Air Speaker's Handbook, edited by C. Ensor Walters, 1/ net. Č. H. Kelly

A little manual of information and advice for the preacher and evangelist in the open air. There are chapters by the Rev. George Allen, the Rev. Simpson Johnson, Miss Lilian Hovey, and others.

Pakenham-Walsh (Rev. H.), DAILY SERVICES FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, 2/ net. Longmans

This little book contains two services for each weekday, and in the Appendixes prayers and psalms for special days and a Lectionary. Polkinghorne (G. Waddy), THE CANON OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, "Manuals for Christian Thinkers," 1/ net. C. H. Kelly

The author writes" to interest young preachers and teachers and the elder scholars in Sunday schools," and accordingly omits what is controversial and purely academic.

Longmans

This booklet contains a sermon preached in the Cathedral Church of Wells and in King's College, London, and a speech delivered in the Upper House of the Convocation of Canterbury last April.

Tyler (John Mason), THE PLACE OF THE CHURCH IN EVOLUTION, 4/6 net. Constable

A book for the "general reader," in which the author traces the progress of evolution and indicates the relation of Christianity to it. Williams (Rev. N. P.), MIRACLES, "Modern Oxford Tracts," 1/ net. Longmans

A discussion of the question of the credibility of miracles.

Raskin (P. M.), SONGS OF A JEW, 2/6 net.

Routledge A collection of lyrics, love-songs, and other short pieces. Mr. Israel Zangwill in a Foreword compares Mr. Raskin to Mr. W. H. Davies in 'My Heart simplicity, and considers that "might have been written by a more sardonic Carew,' and To You' by Browning "in a peculiarly lucid moment." Shepperley (William), AN ELEGY WRITTEN WESTMINSTER ABBEY, AND OTHER POEMS, 1/ Jones & Evans

IN

net. This volume includes, besides the Elegy,' some lines to Francis Thompson, a 'Hymn to Venus,' and 'The Elves of Epping.'

Tynan (Katharine), THE FLOWER OF PEACE,'5/net
Burns & Oates
A collection of Katharine Tynan's devotional
poetry.
PHILOSOPHY.

Sait (Una Bernard), THE ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF BERGSON'S PHILOSOPHY, "Archives of Philosophy," No. 4, $1.25.

New York, Science Press This study of M. Bergson's philosophy is divided into three chapters- Experience and Reality,' 'The Individual and the World,' and 'Human Society and Ethics.'

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. Beet (William Ernest), THE MEDIEVAL PAPACY, AND OTHER ESSAYS, 3/6 net. C. H. Kelly A collection of historical essays, all but one of which are an expansion of articles in The London Quarterly and Holborn Reviews.

Hannay (David), NAVAL COURTS MARTIAL, 8/ net. Cambridge University Press The author's purpose is to make, from the reports of Courts Martial, some picture of what the old Navy was down to the end of the Napoleonic wars." Portraits, facsimiles, and other illustrations are included.

Le Roy (James A.), THE AMERICANS IN THE
PHILIPPINES, a History of the Conquest and
First Years of Occupation, with an Introductory
Account of the Spanish Rule, 2 vols., 42/ net.
Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co.
Mr. William H. Taft has written an Intro-
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Mac Donnell (John de Courcy), BELGIUM, HER
KINGS, KINGDOM, AND PEOPLE, 15/ net. Long

Mr. Mac Donnell, who has had access to materials in the archives of the State and of Belgian families, gives an account of the history of the nation, its commerce, industries, literature, language, art, and religion.

Morris (John E.), A HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE
FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY,
3/6 net.
Cambridge University Press

The author traces the causes and results of the chief wars of modern Europe. The book is illustrated with maps.

News of a Country Town, BEING EXTRACTS FROM 'JACKSON's OXFORD JOURNAL' RELATING TO ABINGDON, 1753-1835 A.D., taken by James Townsend, 5/ net. Milford These extracts relate to Abingdon and neighbouring places in Berkshire. Mr. Townsend has written an Introduction to the text, and added Indexes.

Schurman (Jacob Gould), BALKAN WARS, 19121913, 4/6 net. Milford

An account of the recent fighting in the Near East in a hundred and thirty pages. Two maps of the Balkan Peninsula are given.

Tatchell (W. Arthur), HEALING AND SAVING, the Life-Story of Philip Rees, 1/6 net. C. H. Kelly The life of a medical missionary to China who died at the age of 35.

Wakeman (Henry Offley), AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY, 7/6 Rivingtons An eighth edition, revised, with an additional chapter by Canon Ollard.

GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL. Homeland Handy Guide, No. 32: HARPENDEN (HERTS), WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS, by Donald Attwater, 3d. Homeland Association The writer gives a general description of the chief features of the town and its neighbourhood.

SPORTS AND PASTIMES. Grant (Claude H. B.), THE SHIKARI, a Hunter's Guide, 5/ Research Publishing Co.

The writer explains the modern conditions of a big-game shooting expedition, and gives practical advice from his own experience. The book is illustrated with reproductions of pen-and-ink and pencil drawings by Mr. Henry Grant.