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On the Atlantic shores the Lenapian tribes had divided into. numerous nations, often at war with each other for supremacy or dominion.

Several other nations, besides the Atalans, Cutans, Iztacans, and Oghuzians, had reached various parts of America, before the modern Europeans, such as the Mayans or Malays, the Scandinavians, the Chinese, the Ainus, of Eastern Asia, the Nigritians or African negroes! &c.; but as they did not settle in or near Kentucky, they do not fall under my present scope,

CHAP. V.-HISTORY OF KENTUCKY, &c.

From the Spanish Discovery or Invasion under Soto, towards 1543, till the Settlement of Kentucky by the Virginians in 1773—in cluding about two hundred and thirty years.

1st Period.-Introduction.

1492. Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. 1496. Discovery of North America by Sebastian Cabot. 1512. Discovery of Florida, by J. Ponce De Leon.

1520. Discovery of Georgia by Mirvelo, who calls it Cicoria. 1525. Invasion of Georgia by D'Aillon and Mirvelo, who are defeated by the Shawanees and other nations.

1528. Second invasion and defeat of the Spaniards in Florida. 1536. Third invasion of the Spaniards in Florida. Alvar Nunez discovers the Mississippi, and reaches Culiacan on the Pacific ocean across the continent.

2nd Period. Sixteenth Century.

1539. Fern. Soto, governor of Cuba, invades North America with an army of 1050 men and three hundred horses: he lands in Florida, defeats many nations, and winters in Apalachia.

1540. Soto visits the Cofas, Cherokees, Shawanees, Curas, &c.; discovers Tennessee, wins a great battle at Mobile, and winters at the Chicasas.

1541. Battle with the Chicasas; Soto crosses the Chucagua or Mississippi, visits Capaha and Tula, discovers Arkanzas, and winters in Utiangue.

1542. Soto wanders west of the Mississippi, discovers the Missouri, and dies at Guachoya, (the Washashas or Ozages) near

the Anilcos or Ilicos, (Illinois.) He is succeeded by Moscoso, who vainly attempts to reach Mexico by land, goes no further than the Aches or Panis, and returns to the Missouri near the Ozages, winters at Minoya or Minowas.

1543. The Spaniards reduced to 350 men, and threatened by the king of the Quiguas (or Wiwas,) with a powerful attack, embark in 21 boats, and going night and day, reach the mouth of the Mississippi in twenty days, after losing many men in battle with the Quiguas, who pursued them for ten days.Only 300 Spaniards reached Panuco and Mexico. Discovery of Illinois and KENTUCKY in descending the Mississippi.

1545. The Muscogees settle east of the Mississippi, and become afterward the head of the southern confederacy.

1550. The Menguys begin to wage war with all their neighbours; they destroy the Satanas, a branch of the Massawomees, and settle in their country south of lake Ontario.

1560. The Massawomees of Kentucky are at war with the southern nations, and many eastern nations; but at peace with the nations north of the Ohio;-they form a settlement on the Susquehannah.

1562 to '68. Settlements and wars of the French and Spaniards in Carolina and Georgia, in which many nations take a part.

1584 to '89. First settlements of the English in North Carolina; wars with the Winginans, &c. Three unsuccessful colonies. Kentucky was included in the charter of the colony.

1590. Wahun-Sanacoc, king of the Powhatans in Virginia, conquers many tribes, and becomes formidable to all his neighbours, even the Massawomees and Erigas of Kentucky. He adopts Opechan, a wise Shawanee, for his brother, and makes him king of Pamunkey.

1595. The Erigas, a powerful nation of Menguy origin, is now scattered from lake Erie to Florida in various tribes, called Erieronons, Tongorias, Rechehecrians, Grigras, &c. and is at war with the Menguys of Gennessee.

3d Period.-Seventeenth Century.'

1607. Permanent settlement of the English in Virginia, the colony including Kentucky in its charter. The French settle in Canada.

1608. First interview of the English with the Shawanees or Wassawoomees of Kentucky. Sir J. Smith meets one of their war party in the Chesapeak, going to attack the Susquehannoes and Tocwoys. The Nantaquaes or Nanticoes of Maryland went to trade with them beyond the mountains.

1618. Death of Wahun Sanacoe, king of the Powhatans; he is succeeded by Opechan, the Shawanee king of Pamunkey, who takes the title of Mango-Peomen, and becomes the foe of the settlers.

1640. The Menguys succeed to destroy the Erigas of Ohio: the remains of that nation fly to East Kentucky, &c.

1642. End of the wars between the English and Powhatans, which had lasted twenty years; Opechan is taken, and dies, 95 years old: he is succeeded by his son Totopotomoi, who makes peace.

1654. Col. Wood explores Kentucky as far as the Mississippi. 1656. The Rechehecrians or Grigras cross the Allegheny, and invade Virginia, being molested by the Menguys; Captain Hill and King Totopotomoi who attack them, are defeated; the king is killed. They soon after leave the country, and are admitted by the Natchez into their confederacy.

1660. The Menguys rendered powerful by fire arms, lay waste all the country on the Ohio, and make war on the Tongorias, Shawanees, Miamis, Illinois, Chicasaws, Natchez, &c.; often coming down the Ohio in war parties. They destroy the Conoys or Kenhaways.

1667. Captain Batt visits the Allegheny mountains, from Virginia.

1670. Captain Bolt visits Kentucky from Virginia. Is he the same as the above?

1672. Father Marquette descends the Mississippi from Illinois, and discovers the Missouri, Ohio, Wabash, &c. He finds 40 towns of Shawanees on the Ohio and its lower branches.

1680. Father Hennepin descends the Mississippi to its mouth from Illinois, and visits Kentucky, &c. The Tennessee is called Cherokee river.

1683. Captain Tonti descends the Mississippi to its mouth, for the first time, with Lasalle. Kentucky visited again.

1685. Second voyage of Tonti down the Mississippi.

1688. Third voyage of Tonti down the same,

1700. At the end of this century, the Shawanees of Kentucky were defeated and humbled by the Menguys. Those of Georgia were compelled to enter the Muscolgee confederacy. The Tongorias of East Kentucky were united with the Cherokees; and the Illinois, Miamis, Kicapus, &c. often crossed Kentucky, to go to war against the Chicasas.

4th Period.-Eighteenth Century.

1710. Col. Spottswood, governor of Virginia, crosses the Allegheny mountains and explores the country near Kentucky. 1712. The great Apalachian nation destroyed, partly by the Carolinians in 1702 and the Alabamous in 1705; the remains blend with the Muscolgee confederacy.

1720. The French traders begin to descend the Ohio.

1722. Treaty at Albany between the Virginians and Menguys or Iroquese; the land west of the Allegheny ridge is acknowledged as belonging to the Iroquese, who claim it by conquest over the Erigas, Conoys, Tongorias, &c.

1731. The Natchez are destroyed by the French; the remains of that great nation take refuge with the Chicasas; a war follows in consequence with the French, which lasts many years.

1739. Mr. Longueil descends the Ohio, from Canada, and discovers Big-bone lick in Kentucky. Many Canadians follow that road.

1745. The Shawanees of Kentucky had retreated on the banks of the Ohio, Miami and Muskingum, to avoid their southern enemies, being now at peace with the Menguys, and allied with them against the Cherokees, Catawbas, Muscolgees, Chicasaws, &c. Kentucky remained the hunting ground of the northern and southern nations where they met at war.

1750. Dr. Thomas Walker, of Virginia, crosses the Allegheny and Wasioto mountains, which he calls Cumberland. He discovers Cumberland Gap, the Shawanee river, which he calls Cumberland river, Kentucky river, which he calls Louisa, &c. 1751. Several Indian traders descends the Ohio.

1752. Lewis Evans publishes his map of Kentucky, &c. from the account of those traders.

1754. James McBride descends the Ohio as far as the mouth of the Kentucky.

1760. Second visit of Dr. Walker to Kentucky, as far as Dick river.

1764. The Shawanees remove to Ohio from Pennsylvania, and to the Wabash from Green river.

1767 to 1774. Kentucky is visited by traders and hunters from Virginia and North Carolina, and begins to be settled, after extinguishing the claims of the Cherokees and Iroquese; but the Shawanees' best claim having never been attended to, this was the cause of the war which they waged with their allies, against the Virginian settlers for more than twenty years. Ever since 1756 an alliance of all the Oghuzian tribes north of the Ohio having been formed against the Iroquese, Cherokees and Chicasas, the Virginians were considered as new intruders, who had bought the land from their foes.

CONCLUSION.

ALL the details which might have explained, and the notes which would have proved, my statements, have been unavoidably omitted, in order to confine myself within the short prescribed limits. I am merely allowed to add the enumeration of the principal monuments of antiquity, and a mere list of the authors in which all the facts are to be found which I have asserted, except those derived from my personal examination of the geology, antiquities and languages of North America. A philological and ethnological view of nearly four hundred American and eastern nations or languages, with their comparative names for land and water, was also found by far too long for insertion, although this is now considered as the base of historical researches.

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