Sure fate of all, beneath whose rising ray
Each star of meaner merit fades away!
Oppressed we feel the beam directly beat,
These sons of glory please not till they set.

44. Are the following statements consistent with facts?

All males are of the masculine gender.
We have in English six cases of nouns.

John is the nominative case to the verb.

Men are in the plural number, because they mean many.
The s cannot be a contraction for his, for it is put to female
nouns.-Johnson.

45. Correct the errors, if any occur to you, in the following passages: Who should I meet the other day but my old friend.-Addison.

I cannot tell who to compare them to.-Bunyan.

We are still at a loss who civil power belongs to.-Locke.

My son is to be married to I know not who.-Goldsmith.

My desire has been for some years past to retire myself to some of our American plantations.-Cowley.

Any word that will conjugate is a verb.

Thou, Nature, partial Nature, I arraign !—Burns.

46. Explain the difference between irregular and defective verbs in English. Is it possible to classify as regular a large proportion of the so-called irregular verbs?

47. How do you account for the forms am, be, and was in the verb substantive? Illustrate your explanation by similar forms of the verb substantive in other languages.

48. How do you account for the fact that the earlier stages of a language are richer in forms and inflexions than the later?

49. Mention any forms and inflexions which are gradually dying out in English, and thus show that the process of simplification is still continuing in the language.

50. Examine the English of the following passage, referring each word to the language from which it is derived:

At the death of the king, his chief wife and several of his followers are immolated, that they may attend him in the next world. When a monarch succeeds to the throne, he sacrifices at least one wife and many followers, merely to show that he can exercise his prerogative.

51. Give examples of words adopted into English from other languages than those alluded to in (1).

52. What is meant by a noun of multitude? Give examples of such nouns, and write a series of sentences showing their peculiarities of construction.

53. How do you explain the substitution of his for its in the following, and many other passages of the Bible?—The fruit tree bearing fruit after his kind.

54. Write a series of short sentences showing the right and the wrong use of as and than; of or, nor, and neither; of each, either, and both; of here and there; of hither, whither, and thither; and of hence, whence, and thence.

55. Explain accurately the meaning of the term passive voice. How is the passive formed in English? Can it be called a true passive so far as formation is concerned? Give examples of true passive formations from other tongues.

56. Examine the English of the following sentences and explain the allusions:

1. This was the most unkindest cut of all.
2. Earthlier happy is the rose distilled.
3. And Nicanor lay dead in his harness.
4. But mice and rats and such small deer
Have been Tom's food for many a year.
5. For 'tis the sport to have the engineer
Hoist with his own petard.

6. The fattest hog in Epicurus' sty.

7. Lay not that flattering unction to your soul.
8. I have thee on the hip.

9. And mistress of herself, though China fall.

10. Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world like a Colossus. 57. Explain the meaning and give the derivation of the following words: Apocryphal, alphabet, didactic, sardonic, sarcastic, tautological, enthusiastic, orgy, organ, mystery, epitaph, pyramid, hieroglyphic, and nightingale.

58. Is it possible for a language to remain stationary? What are the causes which have given rise to the greatest changes in English, and what are the causes which tended most to fix and settle the language?

59. Write a grammatical sentence and then analyse it, showing the parts out of which it is made.

60. Explain accurately the meaning and use of conjugation and inflexion in grammar.

61. Distinguish between auxiliary, irregular, and defective verbs in

grammar. Write a few sentences containing examples of each of those kinds of verbs.

62. Compare the English language, as a means of expressing thought, with any other language with which you may be acquainted. 63. Enumerate the parts of speech, and show the use of each in a sen

tence.

64. What do you understand by cardinal and ordinal numerals? Compare the English numerals with those of any other language.

65. Explain the names of the months, and of the days in the week. What is the derivation of bissextile, and what is its English equivalent?

66. Give a list of words in common use derived directly from the Celtic, Latin, and Scandinavian elements in the English language.

67. Explain the construction of the words printed in italics in the following passages :

(a)

(b)

That same year the Queen died in Lindsay,
At Westminster I ween his body they did lay.

Let bring a cartwheel here into this hall,

But look that it have his spokes all.

68. Explain the original and secondary meanings of the words printed in italics in the following passages:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)

For this believe, that impudence is now
A cardinal virtue.

Skilled in no other arts was she
But dressing, patching, repartee;
And just as humour rose or fell,
By turns a slattern or a belle.

True faith, like gold into the furnace cast,
Maintains its sterling pureness to the last.
Thus, utmost lands are ransacked to afford
The far-fetched dainties and the costly board.

(e) The ordeal was an established method of trial among the
Anglo-Saxons.

(f) And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto
him: Go, carry them to the city.

(g) The fierce Prætorians threw their swords into the scale.
(h) There is no need to be scrupulously critical in distinguish-
ing between them.

(i) They must not think that all about them are such idiots as
not to spy out the prevarication.

(k) And mistress of herself, though China fall.

(1) Hypocrisy, detest her as we may.

69. Explain the meaning of the following grammatical terms: Letter, word, sentence, voice, mood, tense, person, number, and gender. 70. Are there any true cases in English? Explain the use of prepositions in the formation of cases.

71. What is the use of the subjunctive mood in grammar? Give examples of its use in English.

72. Give the derivations of the following words: Aught, many, nostril, threshold, pigmy, cubit, ell, ironmonger, wharfinger, harbinger, arbour, haven, and heaven.

73. Explain the meaning of the word verb. How many conjugations of the verb are there in English?

74. What is meant by the infinitive, imperative, subjunctive, and indicative moods in English?

75. Explain the meaning of the term Syntax, and show its use in grammar.

76. Give as complete a list as you can of words which change their meaning with their accent.

77. Out of how many elements is the English language formed? Is it possible to write a sentence composed entirely of one of these elements? If it is, write such a sentence.

78. Mention the languages from which the English language is derived. In what proportion are those languages represented in modern English?

79. Give a list of foreign words which have been naturalised in English since the year 1600.

89. Explain such expressions as 'John his book,' and 'the gate which opened of his own accord.' Explain the formation and use of its. 81. Explain the use of person, number, gender, mood, tense, and voice in grammar.

82. Quote several English proverbs and explain them.

83. Define what is meant by a verb in grammar. Explain the difference between the active and passive voices of a verb.

84. Define what is meant by a noun substantive. How many cases has the noun substantive in English?

85. In what way do nouns substantive usually form their plurals? Give some examples of irregular plurals in English.

86. Explain what is meant by an adverb. What part do adverbs play in grammar?

87. Give a list of English prepositions, and explain the meaning and

force of each.

88. What do you understand by simple and compound sentences? Give some examples of each kind of sentence,

89. What is the meaning of grammar, and what are its uses? 90. How many participles are there in English? Explain the use of participles in English, and compare it with the use of participles in other languages.

91. Explain why some verbs are irregular or defective, and mention some of each kind in English.

92. Conjugate the verb substantive in English, and show that it is made up of several verbs.

93. Give a list of words imported into English during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, mentioning in each case the country from which the word came.

94. Show the effect of the Norman Conquest on the English language, by instances of words still in use.

95. Explain accurately, and illustrate by examples, the difference between shall and will, should and would, and am and be.

96. Explain the derivation and formation of gull in the sense of dupe, Bezonian, goblin, gazette; buck in the sense of wash, host, tourna ment, trade, spinster, gossip, and bridegroom.

97. Mention any parts of the verb which have a tendency to become obsolete. Show that this tendency is common to other languages. 98. Explain the derivations of the following words: Candidate, sycophant, curfew, history, algebra, almanack, hypocrite, seraph, assassin, and gazette.

99. Give a list of English words which, with the same spelling, have different meanings.

100. Explain the derivation of the following words: Ambition, attention, Bible, cannon, companion, gospel, gossip, panic, and paradise.

101. Explain the derivation of Cardinal, club, curfew, dunce, guillotine, pagan, sacrament, tribulation, tunic, and tyrant.

102. Explain the derivation of Biggin, calico, cicerone, dragonnade, essay, Huguenot, husband, kickshaws, miscreant, neophyte, noyade, Tory, and Whig.

103. Explain the terms, Demonstrative, superlative, cardinal, ordinal, diminutive, and patronymic, as used in English grammar, and give instances of each.

104. Take any regular English verb, and run it through its numbers, moods, and tenses, in the active voice.

105. Do the same with the verb substantive.