To, (Germ. thun), means to do; hence Tooke considers to equiva lent to the end. TOWARDS, (A.-S.) wardian, to look at; as if, to look to the end. TILL, UNTIL. While a time. Till is a corruption of to-while-to a time. UNTIL means on till. UNDER. Tooke, resolves this into on neder; neder inferior. UPON, }(A.-S.) abufan. See above, upon. WITHOUT, (A.-S.) withutan, to be out of. CHAPTER IV. ADVERBS, &c. 1. The four adverbial prefixes are a, al, be, to. The signification of these is a on, al=all, be=by, to the or this. The four adverbial suffixes are ly, wise, ways, wards. These mean respectively, ly=like, wise manner, ways direction, wards from ward-looking at. 2. ABOARD, on board. ADRIFT, (A.-S.) drífan, to drive; on the drive. AGHAST, (A.-S.) gast, geist; whence ghost, on the gaze ALOFT, (A.-S.) luft=air, on the air. ASKEW, (Dan.) skiæver, to twist. ASKANT, (Dutch), schuins, wry, oblique. ASTOUND, (Fr.) étonner, astonish. ASUNDER, (A.-S.) sundrian, to separate, whence 'sand.' AWAY, (A.-S.) on-wag, on the way. AWHILE, (A.-S.) on a time. AWRY, (A.-S.) writhan, to writhe. ATWIST, (A.-S.) twisan, (from twa, two,) to twist. ATHWART, (A.-S.) thweorian, to twist. BUT, as an adverb, means only. ENOUGH, (A.-S.) genogan, to satisfy. FAIN=gladly, (A.-S.) fægnian, to rejoice. FORTHWITH, forth+with without delay; foris out of. - INSTANTLY, (Lat.) in stare, urgently. IMMEDIATELY, (Lat.) in not, medius=middle, no middle thing intervening. FORSOOTH = utterly, sooth; i. e. true. Truth, what a man troweth; sooth, what a man sayeth. LIEF, (A.-S.) lufian, to love. Lo, (A.-S.) lá, whence vulgarly law and lawk. NAY, (A.-S.) na, formerly answered affirmative questions; as NEVER, (A.-S.) næfre, na-not, afre ever. No, (A.-S.) no; (Sw.) nödig-averse, answered negative ques tions; as, Will he not come?-Ans. Yes or No. Now, (Goth., A.-S., Dan.), nu; Lat. nunc; Gr. võv, written formerly nouthe. NOWADAYS=Now of days, or now on (i. e. in) these days. OFT, (A.-S., Ger.) oft, possibly from o festan, to hasten. ONCE, an old genitive form for on-es; so twi-es, thri-es, &c. ONLY = one like. PERHAPS, per-through; haps chances, from (A.-S.) habban. QUICKLY quick-like, (A.-S.) c wician, to make alive. = QUITE, from verb to quit, i. e. to leave quietly; Lat. quietus. SOON, properly means ad primam vesperam (A.-S.) sona. THUS, possibly from (A.-S.) thæs, gen. of thæt. Too, strengthened form of to, q. v. TO-MORROW, To-day=the morrow, this day; morrow from (A.-S.) myrran, to dissipate (night). VERY, (Fr.) vrai; (Lat.) verus, true. YES, (A.-S.) gese, visibly. (Fr.) ay ez. YESTERDAY, (A.-S.) gestrinan, to acquire, and dæg, a day. CHAPTER V. ABSTRACT DERIVED NOUNS. 1. The first class of these nouns ends in d or n. These, Horne Tooke supposes to be really participles or adjectives. CUD=chew'd, from (A.-S.) ceo wan, to chew; hence cow and jaw. FIELD = felled, i. e. trees; to fell, i. e. make to fall. FLOOD, LOUD=flow'd and low'd; ex. the 'lowing' herd. SHRED, SHERD, i. e. (A.-S.) scýrian, to sheer or cut. = FIEND=fiand, (A.-S.) fian, to hate. FRIEND freond, (A.-S.) freon, to love. DRAUGHT, (A.-S.) dragan, to draw. GAUNT, (A.-S.) gewanian, to wane. HAFT=haved hav'd, from to have or hold. HILT, by which the sword is held. MALT, MOULD, (Fr.) mouille, from mouiller, to moisten; or (O. N.) maltr=rotten. *Wedgewood gives (Lat.) cauda, (Wallon) cow, the tail, possibly referring to the picture of a terrified animal crouching with his tail between his legs. TILT, (A.-S.) tilian, to raise. TWIST, (A.-S.) twynan, to twist. WANT, WANE. See gaunt, supra. BACON, (A.-S.) bacan, to bake; possibly from buchen, or beechen, belonging to the beech tree. BARREN barred, or stopped up. CHURN, (A.-S.) cyran, to turn; whence also, according to Tooke, chair, car, chariot, &c. CRAVEN one who has craved his life. = DAWN, (A.-S.) dagian, to grow light. STERN=stirred part; (A.-S.) styrian, to move. (A.-S.) stýran, to steer. YARN, (A.-S.) gearwan, to prepare by spinning. BRAWN boaren made of pig. Taylor, in his Words and Places, derives the word from Braun, a German who lived but recently! This derivation is disposed of by Ps. cxix. 70: "Their heart is as fat as brawn.' 2. The second class of these abstract derived nouns consists of those which end in th. According to Tooke these are really third persons singular, present tense, of verbs. It should be observed, however, whether this be true or not, that such words as smith, youth, &c. end in 'th' in A.-S. and are nouns in A.-S. ALE aloth, it inflameth, (A.-S.) alan, to inflame. BROTH=breweth, (A.-S.) breowan, to brew. LENGTH=lengeth, (A.-S.) lengian, to prolong. DROUGHT=drugoth, (A.-S.) drýgan, to expel, to dry, whence drone, drain. EARTH eareth, (A.-S.) erian, to plough. FILTH=defileth, (A.-S.) fylan, to pollute. MURTHER; from the same verb, also morning and morrow. MOUTH, MOTH, (A.-S.) metian, to feed; whence also meat. SHEATH=sheadeth = shadeth, (A.-S.) sceadan, to shade. SLOTH Sloweth, (A.-S.) sla wian, to become slow. SMITH smiteth, (A.-S.) smitan, to smite. STEALTH stealeth, (A.-S.) stelan, to steal. STRENGTH=strengeth, (A.-S.) strangian, to be powerful. TOOTH tuggeth, (A.-S.) teogan, to tug. = TRUTH=troweth; I trow not (A.-S.) truwian, to believe firmly. WARMTH = warmeth, (A.-S.) wearman, to warm. WEALTH= Wealeth, (A.-S.) welegian, to enrich. |