serpent, and giveso hopes that his future history will be answerable. inclose a packet which have just received from General Washington, and which I suppose contains the articles of capitulation. It is a rare circumstance and scarce to beidmet within history that in one warstwo armies should be taken prisoners completely, not a man in either descaping. It is another singular circumstance, that and expedition so complex, formeds of sarmies of different nations, and of land and sealforces, should with such perfect concord be assembled from different places bydland and water, form their junction punctually, without the least retard by cross accidents of wind for weather, or interruption from the enemy and that the army which was the object should in the mean time have the goodmess to quit a situation from whence it might have escaped, aud place itself in another whence an escape was impossible. bə General Greene has done wonders too in Carolinas I hear that a reinforcement was to be sent him from the army in Virginia, and that there are hopes of his reducing Charlestown.You have probably in the enclosed packet the accounts of his laste great action. Comte de Grasse sailed the 30th with the fleet, and part of the land-forces. His destination is not mentionedisarad et ægubo.de rangad di ebant of zegatnavos game will buslar! TO SIR EDWARD NEWENHAM, BART. IRELAND.. Dungannon Resolutions. Trade between Ireland and America.

1ST DEAR STRye to sorav ne enPassy, Oct. 2, 1788. 61 4.261me tu I have just received your very kind letter of the 16th past. I rejoice sincerely to hear of your safe

return to your own country, family and friends, and of the success of your election. 120

ad It is a pleasing reflection arising from the contempla: tion of our successful struggle, and the manlydspirited, and unanimous resolves at Dungannon, that liberty, which some years since appeared in danger of extinction, is now regaining the ground she had lost, that arbitrary govern ments are likely to become more mild, and reasonable, and to expire by degrees, giving place tolmore equitable forms; one of the effects this of the art of printing which diffuses so generaha light, augmenting with the growing day, and of iso penetrating a nature, that all the window shutters despotism and priesteraft can oppose to keepbits bout, prove insufficient. to stabios pero yo bister tesel di

K

In answer to your question respecting what may beine cessary to fix a trade between Ireland and America♫I may acquaint you between ourselves, that there is some truth in the report you may have heard, of flours desiring to know of Mr. Hartley whether he was empowered or instructed to include Ireland in the treaty of commerce proposed to ns, and of his sending for instructions on that head, which never arrived. That treaty is yet open, may possibly bè soon resumed, and it seems proper that something should be contained in it to prevent the doubts and misundere ́standings that may hereafter arise on the subject, eanda isel cure to Ireland the same advantages in trade that England may obtain. You can best judge whether some law or resolution of your parliament may not be of use towards gaining that point.

My grandson joins me in wishes of every kind of felicity for you, Lady Newenham, and all your amiable family.God bless you and give success to your constant endeavours for the welfare of your country. With true and great respect and esteem, have the honor to be &c. B. FRANKLIN.

5 9766 83 9H gave gume svit bas outer and isi EXTRACTORA LETTER TO THE HON ROBERTS MORRIS. lo troqque sitt ebrisWOT

Superintendant of Finances United States) 901

-avoą buvlatni ed luisag visy matto ei bus ratts wou Remissness to to pay in co Taxes in America-The Marquis de

la Fayette, &c.

The remissness of

--9d 9975(14.09 atsluger wen gaimot ar „1 bonus » 103 102 101 916 doma. Passy, Dec. 25, 17831swi s of our people in paying taxes is highly blameable, the unwillingness to pay them is still more so..I see in some resolutions of town meetings, a remonstrance against giving Congress a power to take, as they call it, the people's money out of their pockets "though only to pay the interest and principal of debts duly contracted. They seem to mistake the point. Money justly due from the people is their creditor's money, and no longer the money of the people, who, if they withhold it, should be compelled to pay by some law. All property indeed except the savage's temporary cabin, his bow, his matchuat, and other little acquisitions absolutely necessary for his subsistence, seems to me to be the creature of public convention. Hence the public has the right of regulating descents, and all other conveyances of property, and even of limiting the quantity and the uses of it. All the property that is necessary to a man for the conservation of the individual and the propagation of the species, is his natural right, which none can justly deprive him of; but all property superfluous to such purposes is the property of the public, who by their laws have cre ated it, and who may therefore by other laws dispose of it whenever the welfare of the public shall desire such disposition. He that does not like civil society on these terms,

let him retire and live among savages. He can have no right to the benefits of society who will not pay his club towards the support of it..#ol

The Marquis de la Fayette who loves to be employed in our affairs, and is often very useful, has lately had several conversations with the ministers and persons concerned, in forming new regulations respecting the commerce between our two countries, which are not yet concluded. I thought it therefore well to communicate to him a copy of your letter which contains so many sensible and just observations on that subject. He will make a proper use of them, and perhaps they may have more weight as appear ing to come from a Frenchman, than they would have if it were known that they were the observations of an AmeI perfectly agree with you in all the sentiments you have expressed on this occasion,

rican

5

M

I am sorry for the public's sake that you are about to quit your office, but on personal considerations I shall congratulate you. For I cannot conceive of a more happy man, than he who having been long loaded with public cares, finds himself relieved from them, and enjoying private repose in the bosom of his friends and family.

With sincere regard and attachment, I am ever, dear Sir, yours &c. B. FRANKLIN.”

To B. VAUGHAN, Esq.

Reflections on the American Treaty with England.making England a free Port, &c.

DEAR SIR,

all

Passy, March 1784.

You mention that I may now see verified

you said about binding down England to so hard a

peace. I suppose, you do notɔmeans by the American byisthe treaty; for we were exceeding favorable, in riot insisting on the reparations so justly due for the wanton burnings of our fine towns and devastations of our splantations in awar now universally allowed to have been originally unjust. I may add that you will also see verified all said about the article respecting the royalists, that it will occa sion more mischief than it was intended to remedy, and that it would have been better to have omitted all mention of them. England might have rewarded them according to their merits at no very great expence. After the harms they had done to us, it was imprudent to insist on our doing them good.

Π

I am sorry for the overturn you mention of those beneficial systems of commerce that would have been exemplary to mankind. The making Englands entirely a free port would have been the wisest step ever taken for its advantage.d to blow to Detics asroutemci z mod 1911Lawish; much to see what you say a respectable friend of mine has undertaken to write respecting the peace. It is a pity it has been delayed. If it had appeared searlierMit might have prevented much mischief, by securing our friends in their situations; for we know not who will sudceed them, nor what credit they wilbhold. 982 to vist go By my doubts of the propriety of my going tsoon: TO London, I meant no reflection on my friends or yours. If I had any call there besides the pleasure of seeing those whom I love, I should have no doubts. If b-lives to arrive there I shall certainly embrace your kind invitation, and take up my abode with you. Make my compliments and respects acceptable to Mrs. Vaughanl toy 36a ovsť 9 *

I know not what foundation there can be for saying that