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invita, o regina, tuo de vertice cessi,

invita adiuro teque tuumque caput, digna ferat quod siquis inaniter adiurarit :

sed qui se ferro postulet esse parem?

ille quoque eversus mons est quem maximum in orbe progenies Thiae clara supervehitur,

cum Medi peperere novum mare cumque iuventus per medium classi barbara navit Athon. quid facient crines, cum ferro talia cedant? Iuppiter, ut Chalybon omne genus pereat, et qui principio sub terra quaerere venas institit ac ferri frangere duritiem !

39. Cf. Verg. Aen. 6, 460: invitus, regina, tuo de litore cessi. 40. adiuro caput : the fragment of Callimachus (35 b, Schneider), σήν τε καρὴν ὤμοσα σόν τε βίον, shows how closely Catullus here followed his original, preserving the acc. with adiuro, a construction that does not appear again before Vergil (Aen. 12, 816: adiuro Stygii caput implacabile fontis).

41. Note the inverted order. digna (acc.): i.e. poenam.

42. qui: for the regular substantive form quis. - ferro: referring to the shears that clipped the lock.

43. ille... mons: 'that famous mountain,' Athos. quoque: i.e. as well as I, a hapless lock of hair. -eversus: sc. ferro. The hyperboles in this sentence are uttered naïvely by the lock.

44. progenies Thiae: Helios.

45. Medi: the hosts of Xerxes. - novum mare: the canal cut through the isthmus of Athos at the time of the invasion of Greece.

46. navit: cf. 64, 1: pinus dicuntur liquidas Neptuni nasse per undas.

47. That the mood in such questions depends on the feeling of the writer is shown clearly by a comparison of Verg. Ec. 3, 16: quid domini faciant, audent cum talia fures? Livy, 21, 10, 11: dedemus ergo Hannibalem? dicet aliquis.

48. Iuppiter: cf. v. 30, n.; Hor. Sat. 2, 1, 42: o pater et rex Iuppiter, ut pereat positum robigine telum. - Chalybon: a people of Pontus, celebrated for their skill in mining and iron-working.

50. ferri... duritiem: = ferrum durum; cf. Lucr. 5, 1241: aes atque aurum ferrumque repertumst et simul argenti pondus;

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abiunctae paullo ante comae mea fata sorores
lugebant, cum se Memnonis Aethiopis
unigena inpellens nictantibus aera pennis
obtulit Arsinoes Locridos ales equus,

isque per aetherias me tollens avolat umbras
et Veneris casto collocat in gremio.

ipsa suum Zephyritis eo famulum legarat,

53. nictantibus Bentley nutantibus V mutantibus M mitantibus, motantibus,

natantibus, various minor authorities. Cypridos Bergk. ales D alis VR.

2, 449: validi silices ac duri robora ferri aeraque.

51. paullo ante: to be taken with abiunctae (sc. a me). The bereavement had but just occurred, that very day. For the meter see Intr. § 42, I (5) (b).

52. Aethiopis: the epithet may. have significance as referring to the dark color of Memnon's brother, the ales equus of v. 54. Cf. also umbras (v. 55).

53. unigena: 'own brother,' i.e. Emathion, who, like Memnon, was a son of Eos and Tithonus; cf. 64, 300. The rendering, 'onlybegotten' does not agree with Ovid, Met. 13, 608-609: pariter sonuere sorores innumerae. — nictantibus: the imagery has a rare charm.

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54. Arsinoes : Arsinoë ΙΙ, daughter of Ptolemy I; wife first of Lysimachus, king of Thrace, later of her brother, Ptolemy Philadelphus (cf. v. 22, n.). Among other honors, she was identified with Venus, and a temple was erected in her name on the prom

54. Locridos Bentley elocridicos VR

ontory of Zephyrion, near Alexandria, whence is derived also the name Zephyritis (v. 57). — Locridos it is possible that the appearance of this obscure epithet here may be due to confusion or comparison of this particular Zephyrion with the more famous Italian promontory of the same name in Bruttii, which from early times was settled by the Locrians. The term Cypridos, if it can be justified critically as the correct reading here, is more appropriate and more accurate historically. Cf. P. W. 2, 1286. — ales equus: probably the ostrich, here identified with Emathion (cf. n. on v. 52); Pausanias (9, 31, 1) describes the service rendered to Arsinoë by an ostrich: τὴν δὲ ̓Αρσινόην στρουθος φέρει χαλκὴ τῶν ἀπτήvov. Others understand the phrase to refer to Zephyrus.

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Graia Canopiis incola litoribus.

hic iuveni Ismario ne solum in lumine caeli
ex Ariadneis aurea temporibus

fixa corona foret, sed nos quoque fulgeremus
devotae flavi verticis exuviae,

uvidulam a fletu cedentem ad templa deum me

sidus in antiquis diva novum posuit:

virginis et saevi contingens namque leonis

59. hic iuveni Ismario Ellis hi dii ven ibi vario V hi dij venibi (or ven ibi) vario R arduei ibi Haupt invida enim Vahlen numen ibi Ritschl hic liquidi Friedrich. lumine or limine @ mumine R numine V.

where the famulus of Cybele is the lion.

58. Graia: referring to the Greek ancestry of Arsinoë as compared to her ultimate home in Egypt (Canopiis). This Greek woman took precedence of all the members of the royal house of Egypt in becoming the first of the Ptolemies to be deified. The Alexandrian obscurity of this whole passage may easily have been enhanced by the poet's ignorance of Egyptian conditions.

59. hic temporal. — iuveni Ismario: Bacchus, whose vine was abundant on Ismarus; cf. Verg. Georg. 2, 37: iuvat Ismara Bac

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crown') at the translation of Ariadne to heaven is a theme of frequent recurrence in the poets: Ovid, Fast. 3, 459-516; 5, 345: Baccho placuisse coronam ex Ariadneo sidere nosse potes; Met. 8, 177-182; Manil. 5, 21: Ariadneae caelestia dona coronae; Prop. 3, 17, 7: testatur in astris lyncibus ad caelum vecta Ariadna tuis.

62. flavi: the Homeric ideal; so Ariadne's hair is described by the same epithet in 64, 63: flavo . . vertice.

63. uvidulam: a characteristic Catullus diminutive. fletu: due to its compulsory condition as exuviae. - templa: cf. Enn. Ann. 1, 49 (Vahlen): ad caeli caerula templa; Lucr. 1, 1014: nec mare пес tellus neque caeli lucida templa.

65. virginis: the constellation Virgo was variously identified with Dike-Astraea, Isis, Tyche, Erigone, etc. Cf. Class. Dict. namque : the position cf.

on

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lumina, Callisto iuncta Lycaoniae,

vertor in occasum, tardum dux ante Booten,

qui vix sero alto mergitur Oceano.

sed quamquam me nocte premunt vestigia divum,
lux autem canae Tethyi restituit:
pace tua fari hic liceat, Rhamnusia virgo:

namque ego non ullo vera timore tegam,
nec si me infestis discerpent sidera dictis,

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"inasmuch as the constellation is in a perpendicular position, occupies some time, whereas his rising is rapid, being effected in a horizontal position.”

69. quamquam belongs to restituit as well as to premunt; the principal clause begins at v. 75 premunt vestigia divum: cf. Arat. 359: θεῶν ὑπὸ ποσσὶ φορεῖται ; Manil. (1,803) adopts this phrase.

70. Tethyi to whom, rather than to her husband Oceanus (cf. v. 68), the maidenly modesty of the Coma prefers to represent herself as surrendered for the passage by day (lux) back around the earth to her next rising. Cf. Tib. 2, 5, 59-60.

71-74. Parenthetical.

71. Rhamnusia virgo: Nemesis, so called from her temple at Rhamnus in Attica, whose province it was to punish presumptuous words. Cf. 68, 77; 50, 20: ne poenas Nemesis reposcat a te.

73. nec: sc. tegam. Only if tum, or some other emphatic word, were expressed, should we think nec ne . . . quidem. This verse is an emphatic reiteration of the

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condita quin veri pectoris evoluam :

non his tam laetor rebus, quam me afore semper,

afore me a dominae vertice discrucior,

quicum ego, dum virgo quondam fuit omnibus expers unguentis, una milia multa bibi.

nunc, vos optato quom iunxit lumine taeda,

non prius unanimis corpora coniugibus tradite nudantes reiecta veste papillas,

quam iucunda mihi munera libet onyx,

77. expers V expersa Heinsius expressa Statius ex pars Munro. guentis V unguenti si Lachmann unguenti surii Auratus. quem V quas w.

78. un

80. prius post G.

82. quam V

79. quom Haupt quin Lachmann.

previous one. si = etiamsi. discerpent probably the word is more literal than figurative in the mind of the poet; but as a metaphor it must be regarded as a άπαέ λeyóμevov. Cf. Cic. Ad Att. 2, 19, 3 qua dominus qua advocati sibilis conscissi. The tense signifies the probability of the fate. dictis instr.

74. quin indicates that tegam was used as a verb of 'hindering.' - evoluam ; cf. Intr. § 43.

:

75. his rebus i.e. the great honors recently described.

76. afore me emphatic and artistic inversion, forming a chiasmus with the expression in v. 75.

77. expers: in the active sense, and with concessive force, 'though caring little for.' Cf. Plaut. Amph. 713: eo more expertem te; Ovid, Met. 1, 479; Hor. Car. 3, 11, II. Cf. also K. P. H. in BPW., Vol. 30, Sp. 285.

ROM. EL. POETS- 6

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78. una : to be taken with quicum.

79. nunc = vvv dé = ut nunc est.

Blessings brighten as they take their flight," and under the changed conditions, the lock eagerly demands in its translated state offerings of the choicest perfumes from newly wedded brides, who by the act will remind her of her lost home and her beloved mistress.-lumine die, as in v. 90. 80. unanimis: in mutual affection.'

82. onyx: an ointment vase made of onyx. They were even more common, especially in Egypt, of alabaster (alabastron). For typical shapes v. Dennis, Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, p. cxxv, ill. 77 and 78. Cf. Hor. Car. 4, 12, 17: nardi parvus onyx eliciat cadum; Prop. 2, 13, 30; St. Mark 14, 3: "alabaster box (R.V. cruse ") of ointment."

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