and they portrayed him as a young man hardened by the toils of a country life. Short horns sprout on his forehead, to characterize him; he bears his crook and his syrinx; and he is either naked, or clad in the light cloak called chlamysa. Like many other gods who were originally single, Pan was multiplied in course of time, and we meet Pans in the plural. Pan was called, 1. Goat-footed; 2. Noise-loving; 3. Danceloving; 4. Bright-locked; 5. Cave-dwelling; 6. Sea-roaming. The name Pan (IIàv) is probably nothing more than the contraction of Táwv, feeder or ownerd, and was probably in its origin an epithet of Hermes. Buttmann connects Pan with Apollo Nomios, regarding his name as the contraction of Pæane. Welcker says it was the Arcadian form of Þáwv, Pav, apparently regarding him as the sunf. Záruρoi. Satyri. Satyrs. Hesiods is the first who mentions the Satyrs; he says that they, the Curetes and the mountain-nymphs, were the offspring of the five daughters of Hecatæos by the daughter of Phoroneus. The Laconian term for a Satyr was Tityrosh, which also signified the buck-goat or the rami that led the flock. Æschylus calls a Satyr Buck-goat (Tρáyos) k. In all views of the Satyrs they appear to be a rough, shaggy kind of beings. The Satyrs were associated with Dionysos, and they formed the chorus of the species of drama named from them. It is not unlikely that they are indebted for their deification to * See Sil. Ital. xiii. 326. seq. Plato, Laws, vii. 815. Aristoph. Eccles. 1089. Moschus, iii. 22. Anthol. vi. 108. • 1. αἰγιπόδης: 2. φιλόκροτος: 3. φιλόχορος: 4. ἀγλαέθειρος: 5. ἀντροδίαι τος: 6. ἁλίπλαγκτος. 4 “ Τῶν for τάων, from τάω, whence imper. τῆ: 50 Πάν, Παιὰν, Ερμὰν, νεὰν, ξυναν, μεγιστάν.” Schneider on Soph. Cd. Tyr. p. 138. e Mythol. i. 169. He refers to Alcmaôn, Alcman; Amythaôn, Amythan. f Kret. Kol. 45. note. Ap. Strabo. x. 3. Sch. Theocr. vii. 72. See also Schwenk. 213. Eustath. Il. xviii. p. 1214. Ælian, V. H. iii. 40. Tí τυρος is merely the Doric form of Σάτυρος. the festivals of that god, and that they were originally merely the rustics who formed the chorus, and danced at them in their goat-skin dresses. Their name may be merely the reduplication of θήρα. Σειληνός, Σιληνός. Silenus. Hermes and the Silens mingle in love' with the nymphs in pleasing caverns, according to a Homeride, and Pindard calls Silenos the Naïs' husband. Socrates used to compare himself, on account of his wisdom, his baldness, and his flat nose, to the Silens born of the divine Naïdese. Others said that Silenos was a son of Earth, and sprung from the blooddrops of Uranos. Marsyas is called a Silens. Like the seagods, Silenos was noted for wisdom. It would therefore appear that a Silen was simply a rivergodh; and the name probably comes from λw, einéw, to roll, expressive of the motion of the streams. The connexion between Silenos and Dionysos and the Naïdes thus becomes easy of explanation, all being deities relating to moisture. Midas, king of the Brygians in Macedonia, had at the foot of Mount Bermion a garden, in which grew spontaneously roses with sixty petals, and of extraordinary fragrancek. To this garden Silenos was in the habit of repairing; and Midas', or his people, by pouring wine into the fount from which he was wont to drink, intoxicated him, and he was thus captured". Midas put various questions to him respecting the a Welcker, Nach. zur Tril. 211. seq. See above, p. 79. note ©. b Euripides (Cyc. 620.) calls them Oñpes; the Ionians named them pipes. See Voss, Myth. Br. ii. 291. Nonnus, xiv. 97; xxix. 262. d Fr. Incert. 73. & Above, p. 123. f Serv. Buc. vi. 13. h See Nonnus, xix. 285. seq. 343; xxiii. 160. seq. Diodor. iii. 72. The blooddrops of Uranos would then be the rains. i In Latin silanus is a tube or pipe for conveying water. Festus v. Tullii. Thus 'Corpora silanos ad aquarum strata jacebant." Lucret. vi. 1263. "Cum eduxisset fuscinam, tres silani sunt secuti." Hygin. 169. "Confert aliquid ad somnum silanus juxta cadens." Celsus, ii. 19. * Herod. viii. 138. m Herod. ut supra. Xen. Anab. i. 2. Conon. 1. 1 Paus. i. 4, 5. |