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A NEW AND COMPLETE

DICTIONARY

O F

ARTS and SCIENCES;

COMPREHENDING ALL

The Branches of Ufeful Knowledge,

WITH

ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS as well of the
various MACHINES, INSTRUMENTS, TOOLS, FIGURES,
and SCHEMES neceflary for illuftrating them,

AS OF

The Claffes, Kinds, Preparations, and Ufes of NATURAL
PRODUCTIONS, whether ANIMALS, VEGETABLES,
MINERALS, FOSSILS, or FLUIDS;

Together with

The KINGDOMS, PROVINCES, CITIES, Towns, and
other remarkable Places throughout the WORLD.

Illuftrated with above Three Hundred COPPER-PLATES,
engraved by Mr. JEFFERYS, Geographer to His MAJESTY.
The Whole extracted from the Beft AUTHORS in all Languages.

By a SOCIETY of GENTLEMEN.

The SECOND EDITION,

With many ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, and other IMPROVEMENTS.

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Printed for W. OWEN, at Homer's Head, in Fleet-ftreet.
M DCC LXIII.

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A NEW AND COMPLETE

DICTIONARY

O F

ARTS and SCIENCES.

D

One of the letters of the alphabet, the fourth in order, and the third confonant. It is formed in the voice, by applying the top of the tongue to the fore-part of the palate, and then feparating them with a gentle. guft of the breath, the lips being at the fame time open.

Grammarians generally rank D among the lingual letters, because the tongue has the principal fhare in its pronunciation; but the abbot de Dangeau makes it a palatal one. It has but one found, fomewhat related to that of T.

The form of our D is the fame with that of the Latins, as appears by antient medals and infcriptions. And the D of the Latins is only the Greek A made a little rounder, by being made quicker, and at two strokes only.

The letter D has the fame name, and poffeffes the fame place, in the Hebrew, Chaldee, Samaritan, Syriac, Greek, and Latin alphabets, though somewhat differently pronounced; as in the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Samaritan Daleth, in the Syriac Dolath, and in the Greek Delta. As a numeral, D denotes 500; and with a dash over it, thus D, 5000. Ufed in abbreviation, it has various fignifications: thus, D. ftands for doctor, as M. D. doctor of medicine; D, T. doctor of theology; D. D. fignifies doctor of divinity, or dono dedit; D. D. D. is ufed for dat, dicat, dedicat; and D. D.D.D, for dignum deo donum dedit,

VOL. II.

DAC

Among roman writers D ftands for dius, decimus, devotus, diebus, and diutius. Among musicians D marks, in thorough baffes, what the italians call defcanto, and intimates, that the treble ought to play alone, as T does the tenor, and B the bafs. See the article DESCANT. D C, in the italian mufic, an abbreviation of da capo, that is, from the head, or beginning these words, or letters, being commonly met with at the end of rondeaus, or fuch airs and tunes as end with the first train, intimate that the fong is to be begun again, and ended with the first part.

DAB, in ichthyology, the english name of a fpecies of pleuronectes, with the eyes on the right fide, obtufe teeth, a fpine near the anus, and the body defended by rough fcales. See PLEURONECTES. DABUL, a port town in the province of Decan, on the western coast of the hither India, north lat. 17° 30′, eaft long. 72° 30°.

DACA, a city of the province of Bengal, in the Eaft Indies, fituated on a branch of the river Ganges, east long. 89°, and north lat. 23° 307.

DA CAPO. See D C, fupra. DACE, the english name of a species of cyprinus, very common in our rivers & it is longer and more flender than the roach, and has ten rays in the fin befide the anus. See the article CYPRINUS. The dace is the flenderest and most rounded in the body of all the cyprini; its 5 Pa uiual

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