tation, l. 108. 43od, and drim back on exportation, 1 l. 8 s. 6ė, Juice of limes, the gallon, pays, on importation, 2,28 d. and on exportation drams back 13 2 d. 100 JUICE is alfo ufed to denote the liques of This tree grows to a very confiderable height, and is very ramofe, and diffuse, from a third of its height upwards; the leaves are pinnated, and the pinnæ are obfcurely ferrated. We have it every where in our gardens. The kernel of the walnut is fimilar in quality to almonds; the hell is aftringent, and as fuch is made ufe of by the dyers; but neither are employed in medicine. There is an oil expreffed from the walnut, which poffeffes the fame quality with that expreffed from linfeed and mustard, all agreeing in one common emollient virtue. It foftens and relaxes the folids, and obtunds acrimonious humours; and thus becomes ferviceable, internally, in pains, inflammations, heat of urine, hoarseness, coughs, &c. in glyfters, for lubricating the inteftines, and promoting the ejection of indurated fæces; and in external applications, for tensions, and rigidity of particular parts. It is given inwardly, from half an ounce to three ounces, or more. JUGULAR, in anatomy, an appellation given to two veins of the neck, which arife from the fubclavians. 1. The external jugular, diftributed over the external parts of the head; and which, in its feveral parts, receives different denominations from them, as the frontal, temporal, occipital, &c. vein. 2. The internal jugular, which gives ramifications to the larynx, the pharynx, the muscles of the os hyoides, and to the tongue; thofe which are under its vertex being called ranine. But befides thefe branches, its trunk terminates in a diverticulum, called the jugular fack, and brings back the blood from the finufes of the dura mater, and from the brain. See VEIN. There are alfo certain glands in the anterior part of the neck, called jugular. See the article GLAND. IVICA, or YVICA, the capital of an island of the fame name, fifty miles east of Valencia in Spain: east longitude 1o, north latitude 39°. JUICE, denotes the fap of vegetables when expreffed. See the article SAP. Under this head, Quincy tells us, we have nothing either in officinal or extemporaneous prefcription, unless the acacia and liquorice juice. But befides thefe, there are other infpif. fated juices, frequently used in medicine, as fcammony, aloes, gainboge, opium, catechu, elaterium, &c. Juice of lemons, the pipe, pays on impor animals, as the nervous juice, the pa creatic juice, &c. JUJUBES, jujuba, in the materia media. the name of a fruit of the pulpy kind, produced on a tree called by authors ziziphus, which Linnæus makes a ipecies of rhamnus. See RHAMNUS. This fruit is of an oblong figue, ari fomewhat refembles a large alive in it fhape and fize: its uíual length is about an inch, and its thickness fomewhat more than half an inch. It is wrinkled on the furface deeply and irregularly, and whe cut or broken, is found to confit of a thick pellicle, of a dusky yellowith nd colour, under which there lies a warth and foft pulpy, fungous matter, enclating a ftone of an oblong figure. It has but little smell, but is of a sweetish and refnous taste. It is to be chofen new, large, plump, and full of pulp, and of a fest and pleasant tafte. The jujubes have been made a general ingredient in pectoral decoctions; but they are now feldom used on these occafions, and are fcarce at all heard of in prescription, or to be met with in our hops. JULEP in pharmacy, a medicine compofed of fome proper liquor, and a syrup or fugar of extemporaneous preparation, without decoction, defigned for the concoction or alteration of the humours, or restoring the ftrength. Difpenfatory writers mention feveral kinds of juleps. 1. The camphorated julep, thus prepared: take of camphire, one dram; of double refined fugar, half an ounce; of boiling water, a pint. First grind the camphire with a little reftied fpirit of wine, till it is foftened; then with the fugar, till they are perfidly united; laftly, add the water by degrees; and, when the mixture has food in a covered veffel, till it is cold, ftrain it off. 2. Chalk-julep, thus made: take of the whiteft chalk prepared, one ounce; of double refined fugar, fx drams; of gum arabic, two drams; of water, a quart. Mix all together. 3. The muk-jatp, thus prepared: take of damak-rafewater, fix ounces; of muik, twelve fame name, fituated on the river Roer, twenty miles west of Cologn, and as many eaft of Maeftricht: eaft long. 6o, north lat. 50° 55'. =ains; of double refined fugar, one am. Grind the mufk and fugar togeer, and gradually add the role-water. efdes thefe, there are feveral other prerations made up in the form of juleps, ad denominated from their utes, balmic, cephalic, carminative, ftrengtheng, &c. juleps. LIAN, or St. JULIAN, a harbour on ae coast of Patagonia, in South Ameica, where ships bound to the South feas fually touch: weft long. 74°, north lat. 18° 15'. LIAN PERIOD, in chronology, a system or period of 7980 years, found by multiplying the three cycles of the fun, moon, and indiction into one another. See the article CYCLE. This period was called the julian, not because invented by Julius Cæfar; fince the julian epocha was not received till the year 4669, but because the fyftem confifts of julian years. This epocha is not hiftorical, but artificial, being invented only for the use of true epochas: for Scaliger confidering that the calculation was very intricate in ufing the years of the creation, the years before Chrift, or any other epocha whatever, in regard that another perfon could not understand what year this or that writer meant; to remove such doubts in the computation of time, he thought of this period; which commencing 710 years before the beginning of the world, the various opinions concerning other epochas may commodiously be referred to it. See EPOCHA. The most remarkable ufes of the julian period are as follow. 1. That we can explain our mind to one another, for every year in this period has its peculiar cycles, which no other year in the whole period has; whereas, on the contrary, if we reckon by the years of the world, we must first enquire how many years any other reckons from the creation to the year of Chrift, which multiple-inquifition is troublefome and full of diffi culties, according to the method of other periods. 2. That the three cycles of the fun, moon, and indiction, are easily found in this period. 3. That if it be known how the chronological characters are to be found in this period, and how the years of any other epocha are to be connected with the years of it, the fame characters alfo may, with little labour, be applied to the years of all other epochas. See the article CHARACTER. JULIERS, the capital of the dutchy of the JULIS, or JULIA, in ichthyology, names given to the variegated small labrus, with two large teeth in the upper jaw. See the article LABRUS. JULPHA, or Old JULPHA, once the capital of Armenia, but now in ruins, the inhabitants being tranfplanted to a town within a mile of Ifpahan, called New Julpha, and there they carry, on a foreign trade with all the countries in Alia. The fituation of Old Julpha was in eaft long. 46°, north lat, 39°. JULUS, in botany, the fame with what is otherwile called catkins or amentaceous flowers. See AMENTACEOUS. JULUS is also the name of an infect very common among rubbish, and called in english the gally-worm it is furnished with a great number of feet, has the power of rolling itself up like a ball when touched, and is efteenied a very valuable medicine in the jaundice and fuppreffion of urine. JULY, in chronology, the feventh month ́ ́ of the year, fo called in honour of Julius Cæfar; before whofe time it was known by the name of quintilis, as being the fifth month of the old roman year. See the articles MONTH and YEAR. JUMENTA, in zoology, the name by which Linnæus calls the fifth order of quadrupeds, the characteristic of which is, that the teeth of all the animals belonging to it are placed in a different manner from the other five orders. See the article QUADRUPEDS. To this order belong the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, horfe, and hog. See ELEPHANT, RHINOCEROS, C. JUNCO, the reed Sparrow, in ornithology. See the article SPARROW. JUNCUS, the RUSH, in botany, a genus of the hexandria monogynia class of plants, which has no corolla; but the perianthium, when fresh and coloured, greatly imitates one: the fruit is a coloured capfule, of a triquetrous figure, and formed of three valves, containing a few roundish feeds. Authors have divided the several species of juncus into what they call rushes, and rufh-graffes, from their having or wanting leaves; but the fructifications in both are the fame. JUNE, the fixth month of the year, during which the fun enters the fign of Cancer. Cancer. See MONTH and YEAR. In this month is the fummer folftice. See the article SOLSTICE. JUNGERMANNIA, a genus of the cryptogamia-algae clafs of plants, confifting ufually of talks furnished with leaves, difpofed in a pionated or fquamose manner, fometimes of leaves only: the male flower ftands on a long ftraight pedicle, which arifes out of a calyx growing from the upper part of the furface: it has neither calyx nor corolla, but confifts of an anthera, which is at firft of an oval figure, but afterwards opens into four fegments, and remains in this state a long while on the plant; the female flower has no pedicle, there is no vifible calyx or corolla, but all that is feen is a number of feeds lying naked in a cluster, and fometimes only a fingle one. This is the lichenattrum of Dillenius, and the mufcoides of Micheli, JUNIPER, juniperus, in botany, a genus of the dioecia-monadelphia clafs of plants, without any male corolla; the female flower confifts of three rigid and acute petals: the fruit is a roundish, fleshy berry; and the feeds are three oblong officles, convex on one fide, and anguJated on the other. Juniper berries are to be chofen fresh, plump, full of pulp, and of a strong tafle; and thefe, when used in medicine, are powerful attenuants, diuretics, and carminatives: they diffolve vifcid bumours in the firft paffages, and are confequently a remedy for the flatulencies which thefe diforders occafion. They are given in cafes of the gravel and other ne phritic complaints, in infarctions of the vifcera, and in fuppreffions of the menfes, and are often made ingredients in clyfters. The berries chewed, or the effential oil taken only in a few drops, give the urine the fame fweet violet-fcent that it has after taking turpentine. But thefe berries are not to be given indifcriminateiv; for in hot habits, they often countera& the very purposes intended to be an. fwered by them, and their ufe fucceeded with heat, and even fuppreffion of urine, flatulencies, and fwellings of the ftomach and inteftines: therefore in all cafes, where there is danger of an ingammas tion, either in the primæ viæ, or in the kidneys, the ufe of juniper-berries is to be avoided. We keep no preparation of them in the fhops, except the effential oil made by diftillers with water in the tual way; and this is feldom made at home, but the imported kind is common- JUNK, in the fea-language, old cabin ca To foften IVORY and other boxes, lay them for twelve hours in aqua fortis, and then three days in the juice of beets, and they will become fo foft that they may be worked into any form. To harden them again, lay them in ftrong vinegar. Diofcorides fays, that by boiling ivory for the space of fix hours with the root of mandragoras, it will become fo foft that it may be managed as one pleases. To soften and whiten IVORY, take white wine vinegar, thrice diftilled, and boil red fage leaves in it with a little quicklime; put in the ivory while the liquar |