liver is inflamed, it compreffes the ftomich, diaphragm, and the neighbouring vifcera of the abdomen; it flops the circulation of the fluids, hinders the generation and excretion of the gall, and all digeftion; it produces a great many bad fymptoms, as the jaundice, with all the diseases depending thereon. See the article HEPATITIS,

A fever, an inflammation, and pungent pain on the region of the liver, and diaphragm, a tenfion of the hypochondria, yellowness of the skin and eyes, and a faffron-coloured urine, are figns of an inflammatory difpofition of the liver. See the article JAUNDICE.

This disease terminates as other inflammasons; being cured by resolution, concoction, and exeretion, of the morbid matter; or it terminates in an abscess, fcirrhus, or gangrene. See the articles ABSCESS, &c.

During the first state, Arbuthnot tells us, that a warm regimen and saffron, which fome reckon a fpecific, are improper. On the other hand, that cooling, refolving liquors, taken inwardly, as whey and forrel boiled in it, outward fomentations, and frequent injections of clyfters, bathing and frictions, relax and render the matter fluid. Honey with a little rhenish wine and vinegar, the juices and jellies of fome ripe garden-fruits, and those of fome lactefcent plants, as endive, dandelion, and lettuce, are refolvent. Violent purging hurts; gently relaxing the belly relieves, diluents with nitrous falts are beneficial, or tamarinds boiled in warm water, or whey. The feverish matter is often carried off by urine, and therefore diuretics not highly stimulating are

If the inflammation be recent, extremely violent and without any figns or hopes of refolution, concoction, and excretion, Boerhaave adviles, that the case be treated with the fame cautions and remedies as is directed in pleurifies, and other fimular inflammatory diforders; fuch remedies only excepte, as the fituation of the part affected cannot admit of, except only, that all antiphlogistic fluids, either drank or injected by clyfters, are particularly ferviceable in the cafe before us. INFLAMMATION of the lungs. See the article PER PNEUMONY. INFLAMMATION of the pleura. See the article PLEURISY.

INFLAMMATION of the ftomach is known

by a burning, fixed, and pong pain
in the ftomach, which is exaped at
the inftant any thing is taken into it, and
is fucceeded by a most painful ag
and hiccough. There is, befides, an t-
ward heat, anxiety, and a tendive pain
about the precordia, an acute continual
fever, great thirft, difficult breathing,
inquietude, toffing of the body, colte
of the extreme parts, a hard, contri,
quick, and fometimes, unequal poli:.
In the medical effays, we have an in-
stance of this disease being attended with
a hydrophobia. See HYDROPHOBIA.
Boerhaave fays, that this disease, if not
fuddenly cured, is generally mortal :
therefore, that as foon as it is discovered,
plentiful bleeding is neceffary, that the
patient's drink should be very foft, ar-
phologiftic, and emollient; and also th
clyfters of the fame kind fhould be admi
nittered to him.

Arbuthnot advifes, that the patient fhould totally abstain from every thing that has acrimony in it; even the cool ng nitrous falts, which are beneficial in other inflammations, irritate too much. Vomits, cordials, and spirituous liquors, are las better than poison: milk generally curdies, Aliments must be given frequently, and by a spoonful at a time, for any diftenfion increases the inflammation. A thin gruel of barley, oatmeal, whey, with a very little fugar, or honey, or chicken broths, are proper aliments: whey-emulfions, barley water, and emollient decortions are proper drinks. If poisons of the cauftic kind or metallic medicines ill prepared cause the inflammation, oily fit things are proper, as new milk, cream, oil of fweet almonds, or oil of clives taken often and plentifully, according to Hoffman. If in the cholera morbus an inflammation is apprehended, be advises absorbents and burnt hart's born, with gelatinous decoctions of calves and reats feet, or hartfhorn-jellies, and water gruel, Outwardly he recommends the following liniment as useful in all cafes; take oil of sweet almonds, two ounces; camphire, one dram; make a liniment, with which anoint frequently the precordia, applying a hot linen-cloth over it. The following epithem he recommends as an excellent difcutient and fudorific. Take of the vinegar of rofes, two ounces; spint of wine camphorated, two drams; tinc ture of faffron, and tincture of caße, of each one dram; nitre, half a dram i

let

let this epithem be applied warm to the region of the ftomach.

If there happens an impofthume, honey, and even honey of roses, taken inwardly,

is

according to Arbuthnot, a good cleanfer; and decoctions of comfreyroots, healing.

NFLAMMATION of the tonfils. See the article TONSILS.

NFLAMMATION of the womb or uterus, appears from extraordinary heat and a fixed pain in the groin, with an acute fever, a pain in the loins and belly, an inflation of the abdomen, a ftimulus to make water and to go to flool, heat, and a difficulty of urine.

Other symptoms, according to Aftruc, are a tumour, pain, heat, and tenfion of the hypogastric region, redness of the os uteri, and great heat of the vagina. If the fore-part of the uterus is affected, there is a dyfury; if the back part, a tenefmus; frequent faintings and cardialgia, a burning fever; or, if the inflammation is violent, a lipyria, in which the external parts or extremities are cold, and the internal burn, and the pulfe is imperceptible; a delirium and phrenfy; the breafts fwell, in proportion as the inflamed uterus.

Hoffman diftinguishes this disease into the fuperficial and more profound. He fays, that it is eafily formed in child-bed women, and frequently accompanies the milk-fever, and may be cured in a few days if rightly managed. But that when it is more intenfe, and attended with grievous fymptoms without remiffion, it kills on the feventh, ninth, or eleventh day; a white miliary fever generally fupervenes, which is the worft omen, as it thews a mortification of the uterus. See the article MILIARY FEVER.

If the inflammation is not refolved, it generally ends in a mortification, ulcer, cancer, or fcirrhus.

Women in child-bed fometimes have the womb inflamed, from the fault of an unfkilful midwife, or hard labour; or the lochia being stopped by pains or hyfterical fpafms, dread or cold: wherefore proper precautions fhould be taken to prevent it, for which purpofe Hoffman advifes to keep them under a gentle diaphoretic regimen, and to allay the almost febrile heat; to which end oil of almonds alone is very proper, or with a fourth part of fperma ceri given daily to half an ounce in chicken-broth: externally the whole abdomen should be anointed

with oil of dill, camomile and white lilies, of each an ounce; oil of caraways, a dram; or a dram of camphire ; laying a warm napkin doubled over the fame. The tumult being thus appealed, the lochia are to be promoted with pills made of bitter extracts, temperate refi. nous gums and aloes well corrected, of which fifteen grains is a dofe, morning and evening, to be continued from five to eight days: thefe are alfo good when the after-birth, or part of it is retained. If there is a fever, the belly is diftended with wind, the lochia are retained, and the fpafms tend to the upper parts; then

the last-mentioned author directs the patient to be bled in the foot, and to render the stagnating blood fluxile by the following mixture. Take chervil-water, the carduus benedi&. fcordium, elderflowers, acacia, and diftilled vinegar, each an ounce and half; crabs eyes, dram and a half; powder of antimony, half a dram; fpirit of nitre dulcified, twenty drops; fyrup of card. benedict. two drams; let the patient take two or three spoonfuls every two hours. The drink may be chicken-broth with fcorzonera-root, fuccory and fhavings of hartfhorn boiled therein.

In women out of child-bed, the inflammation generally happens in the neck of the uterus and the vagina, and then befides the foregoing things, the fame author recommends the application of epithems to the pubes, uterine injections, peffaries, and fuppofitories: the epithem may be of arquebufade water, four ounces; effence of faffron, camphorated fpirit of wine, of each two ounces; nitre, a dram, diffolved in elder flower water; and as circumftances require, mixt with vinegar of rue, or fcordium, and applied with a double cloth. The injection may confift of affes-milk with flowers of elder, myrrh, and faffron, and a little nitre may be added to the decoction. The tenefmus may be appeased with emollient half baths, or with one ounce of oil of sweet almonds, and twelve grains of faffron, injected into the anus. Thefe remedies are useful in cafe of a fuppuration.

If it proceeds from external caufes, and there is a fever, pain in the groin, difficulty of urine, and coftiveness, bleed first in the arm, and then in the foot; give a clyfter, and apply melilot-plafter, two ounces; fperma ceti, half an ounce; gum ammoniac, two drams; faffron, one 10 R 2 dram;

the radius CH; then the fall lines mr, OH, are parallel; and he triangles OLH, Lr, are fimian tat because H1 is also perpendicular tel the triangles L HI,m Lr, are a fair

xj lar: whence :::; that is,

dram; camphire, half a dram, mixt together; not omitting gentle draphoretics and difcutients. INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. To thefe may be referred the feveral difeafes mentioned in the preceding article, either attended with a fever, as well as leffer inflammations without a fever; befides all chronic diforders arifing from inflammations, the chief whereof are old coughs, confumptions and the rheumatism, without a fever. See COUGH, &c. Hoffman lays down this as an axiom, for all practitioners to obierve; that in all inflammatory difeafes of the nervous and membranacerus parts, as in the phrenzy, pleurity, in the infiammation of the liver, Romach, intestines, and bladder, nothing is more pernicious, or brings on death more fuddenly, than opiates taken inwardly.

INFLAMMATORY FEVERS are diftinguished into two stages; the firft, whilst the pulle continues hard, in which it is pro. per to bleed; the fecond, when the infummat ry fympteins ftill remaining, the pulfe is too low for that evacuation; in this fate blitters are the chief remedy, and which, except in a few fingular cafes, are not to be used fooner. If the blifters are large, it is better to apply them gradually, than many at a time. See the articles FEVER and INFLAMMATION. INFLECTION, or Point of INFLECTION, in the higher geometry, is the point where a curve begins to bend a contrary way. See the article FLEXURE.

To determine the point of inflation in curves, whofe femi-ordinates CM, Cm (pl.CXLVI.fig.2 n°1. and 2.) are drawn from the fixed point C; fuppofe C M to be infinitely near C m, and make mH= Mm; let Tm touch the curve in M. Now the apples CmT, CM m, are equal; and fo the angle Cm H, while the femi-ordinates increase, does decrease, if the curve is concave towards the center C, and increafes if the convexity turns towards it. Whence this angle, or, which is the fame, its meafure will be a minimum or maximum, if the curve has a point of infect on or retrogreflion; and fo may be found, if the arch T H, or fluxion of it, be made equal to o, or infinity. Ard in order to find the arch TH, draw m L, so that the angle Tm L be equal to CL; then if Cm=y, w r = x, m T = i, we shall have y ::;

:x

t

i

the quantities T, #L, are equal E HL is the fluxion of Hr, which is the diftance of Cy; and H L is a reg tive quantity, because while the ordinas CM increases, their difference r¤ècreases; whence *x+ij=0, which is a general equation for finding the pers of inflection, or retrogradation. INFLECTION, in grammar, the variation of nouns and verbs, by declenta and conjugation. See the articles De CLENSION and CONJUGATION. INFLEX LEAF, among botanists, one

whole point bends inward, towards the ftem of the plant. See the article LEAP. INFLUENCE, a quality supposed to flow from the heavenly bodies, either with ther light or heat; to which aftrologers idy alcribe all fublunary events. INFLUENT FEVER, the fame with a

nervous one. See the article FEVER.. INFORCED, and INFORCEMENT. See

REINFORCED and REINFORCEMENT.

IN FORMA PAUPERIS, in law. See the article FORMA.

INFORMATION, in law, is nearly the fame in the crown office, as what in cer other courts is called a declaration. It is fometimes brought by the king, or bis attorney general, or the clerk of the crown-office; and at other times by a private perfon, who informs or fres, as wel for the king as himself, up-ca the breach of fome popular tatute, in which a penalty is given to the party that will fue for it. It differs from an indictment, which must be found by the oaths of ten men at leak; for an information is only the allegation of the perfon that brings it. An information lies for offences at common-law, as batteries, confpiracies, nufances, contempts, libels, feditious words, &c. and in many cafes by ftatute, on which the offender is rendered Irable to a fine, or ether penalty: an information alfo lies against the inhabitants of a town, for not repairing the highways, for going armed in affiay of the peace, &c. and in general for any offence against the public good, or the principles of juftice: but where an infor mation brought is only for vexation, the

regard to the falvation and damnation of mankind, were formed in confequence of Adam's fall. See PREDESTINATION. INFRASCAPULARIS, in anatomy, one of the depreffor-mufcles of the arm, which has its origin from the whole internal furface of the fcapula, and its termination in the interior part of the humerus. See the article DEPRESSOR. INFRASPINATUS, in anatomy, one of the abductor mufcles of the arm, which has its origin in the cavity below the fpine of the fcapula. See ABDUCTOR. INFULA, in antiquity, a broad kind of fillet, made of white wool, which the priests used to tie round their heads. Hence Virgil, n. x. 538.

fant may bring an information At fuch vexatious informer. All initions brought by informers on penal es, where a certain fum is allow n, must he brought in the county the offence was committed, and n a year after the fact was done; party aggrieved, not being a cominformer, is not obliged to bring his mation in the proper county; for ay lay in what county he pleases. informer, without leave of the court, pounds with the defendant, he for101. and may be fet in the pillory. ere an information is exhibited for afs, battery, &c. to which the deant appears and pleads to iffue, and profecutor does not bring on the trial in a year after the iffue joined; or if dict pafs for the defendant, the court › allow the defendant cofts, unless it cars that there was reafonable caufe the information. 4 & 5 Will & Mar. . xviii. After a plea is put in to an ormation for any offence, the defend. may be fo far indulged by the count, o appear by his attorney. A replica1 to an information on a fpecial plea in courts of Westminster, must be made the attorney general; but if it be bee the juftices of aflize, it must be made the clerk of affize: yet the replican to a general iffue on an information i tam (that is, at the fuit both of the ng and the party) in the courts of tminster, may be made in the name the attorney general only; and in ch actions, molt of the precedents are the replication to be made by the aintiff, and a demurer may be made to information qui tam, without the atrney-general.

ORMER, a perfon that informs against profecutes another, upon any penal tute. See the preceding article. ORMATUS NON SUM, in law. See e article NON SUM INFORMATUS. ORMIS, fomething irregular in its orm, or figure. See the article FIGURE nd FORM.

Ionce, ftellæ informes, in aftronomy, are uch of the fixed flars as are not reduced to any constellation. See the articles CONSTELLATION and STAR.

FRACTION, a term chiefly used to ignify the violation of a treaty. See the article TREATY.

FRALAPSARIANS,in church-history, in appellation given to fuch predeftinaians, as think the decrees of God, in

Infula cui facra redimibat tempora vitta. INFUNDIBULIFORM, in botany, an ap pellation given to fuch monopetalous or one-leaved flowers, as refemble a funnel in fhape, or which have a narrow tube aɛ one end, and gradually widen towards the limb or mouth. There are two kinds of infundibuliform, or funnel-fashioned flowers; one of which is like an inverted hollow cone, and the other fomewhat like a faucer, and thence called hypocrateriform. See the article FLOWER. INFUSION, in pharmacy, a method of obtaining the virtues of plants, roots, &c. by fleeping them in a hot or cold liquid.

Hot infufions are made by pouring boiling water, or any other menftruum, on the drugs whole virtues we would extract: thus, in order to obtain the common infusion of fena, take the leaves of fena, an ounce and a half; of cryftals of tartar, three drams; of the leffer cardamom-feeds husked, two drams: boil the crystals of tartar in a pint of water till they are diffolved, then pour the water, while boiling hot, upon the fena and the reft; and when the liquor is cold, ftrain it off.

But all tinctures and infufions of ingredients, whofe principal virtues depend upon their lighter or more fubtile and spirituous parts should not be made by fteeping them in a hot, but in a cold menftroum, and if fuch infufions be required rich and strong, they are to be made fo, not by fuffering the menftruum to be heated, or to remain long upon the ingredients, but by adding fresh ingredients feveral times to the tame liquor, infufing them quick, and each time keeping cut the ingredients that have been once ufed by this means we fail po

cure