papers, knew them to be of a very extraordinary character, yet was amazed and bewildered. He sent a letter to Arnold informing him of the capture of a man calling himself John Anderson, and of some papers of a dangerous tendency. He also sent an express to Washington, then supposed to be returning by the Hartford road, with a letter and the papers found upon André's person. The next morning, André was sent to Colonel Sheldon's quarters, at New Salem, for greater security.

Being now convinced that there was no hope of escape, he wrote a letter to Washington, revealing his true name and character. Washington returned from Hartford by the upper route, and consequently the express, which had taken the lower route, did not meet him, but came back to North Castle. The commander-in-chief pursued his journey by way of Fishkill, to West Point. Two or three hours before he reached Arnold's house, the messenger arrived there with the letter from Jameson, by which Arnold was informed of the capture of André. Pretending that he was suddenly called to West Point, he mounted a horse standing at the door, rode to the river, entered his barge, and ordered the boatmen to row down towards the Vulture. As the boat neared Verplanck's Point, Arnold displayed a white handkerchief, and was allowed to pass without interruption. He reached the Vulture in safety.

Washington arrived at Arnold's house, and went over to West Point, without hearing anything of him. On his return, in the afternoon, he received the letter from André, and the papers found in his boots. The

plot was now plainly perceived. Washington instantly took measures to secure the posts in the Highlands, and made an unavailing effort to overtake the traitor.

André was first removed to West Point, and then to Tappan. A board of officers was summoned, Greene being president, to inquire into the nature of André's offence, and to determine the punishment which it deserved. After a thorough investigation, the board reported that Major André came on shore in the night, to hold a secret interview with General Arnold, that he disguised himself, was taken with papers in his possession containing intelligence for the enemy; and that he ought to be considered as a spy, and according to the law and usage of nations, ought to suffer death. Washington approved the decision. He was reluctant to agree to the condemnation of such an amiable and noble-spirited young officer, but duty demanded the sacrifice of feeling. Clinton made every effort to save André, and most of the Americans regretted his hard fate, since he had won the esteem of friends and foes. Major André was executed at Tappan on the 2d of October. Although it was his earnest desire to die a soldier's death, he bore that of a felon with a resignation and fortitude which evidenced the nobility of his spirit.

Arnold had the effrontery to write to Washington, attesting such facts as he believed favorable to André. But what reliance could be placed upon the testimony of a man capable of such foul treason? He also threatened the general with retaliation-an evidence that he knew but little of that lofty-minded man. The traitor endeavored to vindicate his conduct, by pleading hostility to the alliance with France; and attempted

to induce others to follow his example. But it was well known that his treason began before the alliance with France was consummated, and that selfish motives only had urged him to the step he had taken.

After the events just related, the only important military enterprise undertaken during the campaign, was accomplished by Major Talmadge. On the 28th of November, he crossed the Sound with about 80 men, made. a circuitous march of twenty miles to Fort George, and reduced it without any other loss than one private wounded. He killed or wounded eight of the enemy, captured a lieutenant-colonel, a captain, and 55 privates.

As winter approached, both armies went into winter-quarters. Washington stationed the Pennsylvania line at Morristown, the New Jersey line about Pompton, the New England troops in West Point and its vicinity, and the New York troops at Albany. Towards the close of the year, an agreement for an exchange of prisoners was entered into by the opposing commanders.

OPERATIONS IN THE SOUTH AFTER THE BATTLE OF CAMDEN.

HE history of the movements of the opposite parties in the South after the battle of Camden, is a detail of suffering and fortitude upon one side, and of cruelty and reckless abuse of power upon the other. On the 17th and 18th of August, about 150 of Gates's army rendezvoused at Charlotte. As there was no magazine of provisions in the town, and it was without defences, it was resolved to retreat to Salisbury. The retreat was attended with hurry, confusion, poverty and suf

fering. From Salisbury the remnant of an army retired to Hillsborough. At that place, General Gates concerted measures with the government of North Carolina, for renewing military operations.

Though there was no army to oppose Lord Cornwallis, yet the season and the reduced condition of his army, restrained him from pursuing his conquests. By the complete dispersion of the Continental forces the state of South Carolina was in his power, yet he resolved to make "assurance doubly sure," by resorting to measures of the greatest severity.

N a few days after the battle of Camden, when his lordship thought the country was lying prostrate at his feet, he addressed the following letter to the commandant of the British garrison at Ninety Six:"I have given orders that all the inhabitants of this province who have subscribed, and taken part in the revolt, should be punished with the

utmost rigor; and also those who will not turn out, that they may be imprisoned, and their whole property taken from them or destroyed. I have also ordered that compensation should be made out of these estates to the persons who have been injured or oppressed by them. I have ordered, in the most positive manner, that every militiaman who has borne arms with us, and afterwards joined the enemy, shall be immediately hanged. I desire you will take the most vigorous measures to punish the rebels in the district you command, and that you obey, in the strictest manner, the directions I have given in this letter relative to the inhabitants of the country." Similar orders were given to the commanders of other posts.

In any circumstances, such orders given to officers, often possessing little knowledge, and as little prudence or humanity, could not fail to produce calamitous effects. In the case under consideration, where all the worst passions of the heart were irritated and inflamed, the consequences were lamentable. The orders were executed in the spirit in which they were given. Numbers of persons were put to death: many were imprisoned, and their property was destroyed or confiscated. The country was covered with blood and desolation, rancor and grief. Women and children were turned to the door, and their houses and substance consumed. A number of persons of much respectability remained prisoners of war in Charleston. As they absolutely and firmly refused to exchange their parole for the protection of British subjects, Cornwallis ordered them to be carried out of the province. Accordingly, on the 27th of August, they were put on board a vessel in the harbor, and sent to St. Augustine. General Moultrie remonstrated against the removal of these persons, but without avail. Power would not listen to justice. The severity of the