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the American privateers were so alert, that they nevertheless made many prizes. Some of the vessels which they captured, were laden with arms and warlike stores. Some transports, with troops on board, were also taken. These had run into the harbor, not knowing that the place was evacuated. The boats employed in the embarkation of the British troops, had scarcely completed their business, when General Washington with his army marched into Boston. He was received with marks of approbation more flattering than the pomps of a triumph. The inhabitants, released from the severities of a garrison life, and from the various indignities to which they were subjected, hailed him as their deliverer. The evacuation of Boston had been previously determined upon, by the British ministry, from principles of political expediency. Being resolved to carry on the war, for purposes affecting all the colonies, they conceived a central position to be preferable to Boston. Policy of this kind had induced the adoption of the measure; but the American works on Roxbury expedited its execution.

For his services in expelling the British from Boston, Congress passed a vote of thanks to General Washington and the army, and presented the general with a gold medal commemorating the event.

In the meantime, the struggle had begun in the other colonies. In Virginia, Lord Dunmore, by intemperate measures, strengthened the party he designed to crush. He threatened to set up the royal standard, seize the magazines and arm the negroes against their masters. This roused the inhabitants, and public meetings were held in various places.

Some gentlemen of Hanover armed themselves, and under the lead of Patrick Henry, marched towards Williamsburg, with the design of seizing the public treasury. They were prevented from accomplishing their object for the time by negotiation. The governor convened the general assembly, but its spirit was rebellious; and the people becoming louder in their complaints, Lord Dunmore took refuge on board of the Towey man-of-war. On the 15th of October, he landed with a small party at Norfolk, destroyed seventeen pieces of ordnance and carried off two more. He afterwards landed several times and destroyed or carried off the stores of the provincials. His efforts only strengthened the number and zeal of the people.

In the Carolinas, the royal governors were forced to fly, and the people took the government into their own hands. Governor Martin afterwards exerted himself to reduce North Carolina, and employed a large force under General M'Donald. But General Moore, with a body of provincials, marched against the royalists; several skirmishes ensued; M'Donald was taken prisoner and his men dispersed. In South Carolina, a provincial assembly was elected, forts built, regiments raised, and the militia trained. The royal party was easily overpowered, and the governor took refuge on board of a man-of-war. In Georgia, after a short contest, the colonial cause triumphed. The royal governors of New York, Maryland and New Jersey, contrived to maintain a show of authority, but dared not attempt active measures. As for Pennsylvania, we know that the Continental Congress sat in Philadelphia, and the spirit of the people had always been firm and independent.

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Boston, from Dorchester Heigats.

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HE co-operation of the people of Canada was deemed, by some of the American statesmen, necessary for securing a triumph in the struggle of the colonies for their rights. Accordingly, addresses had been sent, from time to time, to the Canadians, stating the grievances which had caused the outbreak, and inviting them, as they cherished their own privileges, to aid the other colonies in obtaining their just

demands. These addresses had produced no perceptible effect, however, and the arrival of the active and judicious Sir Guy Carleton, who had been appointed governor of the province, seemed to ensure the loyalty of the people. Still it was thought they would assist an army sent from the revolting colonies; and it was therefore resolved to despatch a sufficient force to attempt the conquest. The security of Ticonderoga and Crown Point was also considered in the proposed expedition.

The management of military affairs in this northern department, had been committed to the generals Schuyler and Montgomery. General Schuyler addressed the inhabitants, informing them, "that the only views of Congress were to restore to them those rights, which every subject of

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the British empire, of whatever religious sentiments he may be, is entitled to, and that in the execution of these trusts, he had received the most positive orders to cherish every Canadian, and every friend to the cause of liberty, and sacredly to guard their property." On the 10th of September, about 1000 American troops effected a landing at St. John's, the first British post in Canada, lying 115 miles only to the northward of Ticonderoga; but found it advisable to retreat to Isle aux Noix, twelve miles south of St. John's. An extremely bad state of health soon after inducing General Schuyler to retire to Ticonderoga, the command devolved on General Montgomery. That enterprising officer in a few days returned to the vicinity of St. John's, and opened a battery against it. The reduction of Fort Chamblee, by a small detachment, giving him possession of six tons of gunpowder, enabled him to prosecute the siege of St. John's with vigor. General Carleton advanced against him with

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about 800 men; but, in attempting to cross the St. Lawrence with the intention of landing at Longueil, he was attacked by Colonel Warner with 300 Green Mountain boys, and compelled to retire with precipitancy. This repulse induced the garrison of St. John's to surrender, on honorable terms of capitulation. While the siege of St. John's was depending, Colonel Ethan Allen was taken prisoner by the British, near Montreal, with about 38 of his men. He was loaded with irons and sent to England.

ENERAL MONTGOMERY next proceeded towards G Montreal. On his approach, the few British troops there repaired on board the shipping, in hopes of escaping down the river; but General Prescott and several officers, with about 120 privates, were intercepted, and made prisoners on capitulation; eleven sail of vessels, with all their contents, fell into the hands of the provincials. Governor Carleton was conveyed away in a boat with muffled paddles to Trois Rivieres, whence he proceeded to Quebec. General Montgomery, leaving some troops in Montreal, and sending detachments into different parts of the province to encourage the Canadians and to forward provisions, advanced with his little army, and expeditiously arrived before Quebec.

General Washington, early foreseeing that the whole force of Canada would be concentrated about Montreal, had projected an expedition against Quebec in a different direction. His plan was, to send out a detachment from his camp before Boston, which was to march by the way of the Kennebec River; and, passing through the dreary wilderness lying between the settled parts of the province of Maine and the St. Lawrence, to penetrate into Canada about 90 miles below Montreal. This arduous enterprise was committed to Colonel Arnold, who, with 1100 men, consisting of New England infantry, some volunteers, a company of artillery, and three companies of riflemen, commenced his march on the 13th of September. The soldiers were often obliged to carry their boats and rafts on their backs for miles along the Kennebec, on account of the rocks and shoals in that river. In passing the swampy grounds, after traversing the length of the Kennebec, they became sickly. Provisions also began to fail them. S great were their distresses, that Colonel Enos returned to Cambridge with his whole division, which, it is believed, must otherwise have starved. One or two dogs were afterward killed and eaten by the soldiers; a few of whom ate their cartouch-boxes, breeches, and shoes. After sustaining almost incredible hardships, Arnold in six weeks arrived on the plains of Canada, and immediately

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