on the 20th of September, was proclaimed at Boston on the 10th of December, and the war between the rival colonists ceased.

Count de Frontignac, at the head of a powerful force, now made his last expedition into the Indian country. Marching to Lake Onondaga, he found the Indian village burnt and deserted. After wasting the corn. fields, he sent a strong body of men to destroy the Oneida castle. They took a few prisoners, but the greater part of the Oneidas had deserted their village. An Onondaga chief, 100 years old, was barbarously put to death by the French savages, and the whole force then returned to Canada.

In 1702, Queen Anne's War, or the War of the Spanish Succession, began, and, of course, the French and English colonies were placed in a hostile attitude. On the 20th of June, 1703, Governor Dudley, of Massachusetts, held a conférence with the eastern Indians, who assured him that they had not the most distant thought of breaking the peace; yet, in the space of about six weeks after, the French and Indians attacked all the settlements from Casco to Wells, and killed or took 130 persons, destroying all before them.

N the night of the 28th of February, 1704, a body of 300 French and Indians, commanded by Hertel de Rouville, made a furious assault upon the town of Deerfield, Massachusetts. The sentinel was asleep; and the snow of such a depth as to admit of an entrance over the pickets of the fort, in the centre of the town. The assailants, availing themselves of these advantages, fell suddenly upon the unguarded inhabitants; and in a few hours, slew 47, and took 112 prisoners. Setting fire to the town, the enemy hurrried with their captives to Canada.

On the 30th of July, a party of French and Indians attacked Lancaster, killed a few of the inhabitants, and forced the rest to retreat into the garrison; burned the church and six other buildings, and destroyed many cattle. By Governor Dudley's order, Colonel Benjamin Church, renowned for his achievements in King Philip's War, planned an expedition against the Indians of Maine, and sailed from Boston, with 550 soldiers, to carry it into effect. In this expedition, which lasted through the summer, Church destroyed the towns of Menis and Cocheco; did much damage to the French and Indians at Penobscot and Passamaquoddy, and even insulted Port Royal.

The Indians, aided and instigated by the French, continued their frontier depredations; burning villages, and killing the inhabitants, or carrying

them into hopeless captivity. But no considerable expedition was undertaken by the colonists until May, 1707. Early in that month, two regiments, under Colonel March, embarked in 23 transports at Nantasket, and under the convoy of the Deptford man-of-war and the province galley, proceeded against Port Royal. Arriving before that place, they had some skirmishes with the enemy, and made some ineffectual attempts to bombard the fort; but from disagreement and a misapprehension of the state of the fort and garrison, they soon abandoned the enterprise.

On the 16th of July, 1708, a large army of French and Indians marched from Canada against the frontiers of New England. The Hurons and Mohawks soon found pretexts for returning home; but the French, and Algonquin and St. Francis Indians, making together a body of about 200 men, marched between 300 and 400 miles through the wilderness to Nekepesique, expecting to meet a reinforcement at that place. Disappointed in this hope, they went forward, and at break of day, on the 29th of August, surprised the town of Haverhill, on Merrimac River, burned several houses, plundered the rest, and killed or captured a large number of the inhabitants.

Roused by these atrocities, the colonial governments determined upon attempting the expulsion of their enemies from Canada. The British government formed an extensive plan for the same purpose. The French were to be subdued, not only in Canada and Acadie, but in Newfoundland. A squadron of ships was to be at Boston by the middle of May, 1709. Five regiments were to be sent from England, to be joined by 1200 men, to be raised in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and the whole force was to proceed against Quebec. Fifteen hundred men, proposed to be raised in the colonies. south of Rhode Island, were, at the same time, to march by way of the lakes, to attack Montreal. In America, everything was prepared for the enterprise. In England, the British troops were on the point of embarkation. At this juncture, news arrived of the defeat of the Portuguese, and the ministry were forced to give up the expedition, and order the troops to Portugal.

HE next year, Colonel Nicholson went to England, to solicit forces for an expedition against Canada. A fleet was destined for that service, and it being from some cause detained, Port Royal was made its only object. Nicholson returned to New England, and waited until autumn without receiving any auxiliary force from England. On the 18th of September, he sailed for Port Royal with 36 sail, and in six days arrived at his destination. Subercase, the French governor, had only 260 men, and the English landed without opposition. After three or four days' bombarding from the fort, and cannonading from the English, the place was surrendered on the 2d of October. Nicholson left a sufficient garrison, under Colonel Vetch, and returned to Boston. In honor of the queen, the name of Port Royal was exchanged for that of Annapolis.

After this successful expedition, Nicholson again went to England, to solicit means for striking a more effectual blow at the French power. The ministry ordered an armament proportionate to the enterprise. On the 8th of June, Nicholson arrived at Boston, with orders for the northern colonies to get ready their quotas of men and provisions. Sir Hovenden Walker, with a fleet of 15 ships of war and 40 transports, carrying seven veteran regiments of the Duke of Marlborough's army, and a battalion of marines, under Brigadier-general Hill, arrived at Boston harbor on the 25th of June. In about five weeks, the colonies raised two large armies, and furnished them with provisions. About 4000 men, under Nicholson, marched for Canada from Albany, on the 28th of August, 1711. In the meantime the other divisions of the forces, under General

Hill, sailed from Boston, and arrived in the St. Lawrence on the 14th of August: the fleet consisted of 68 vessels, and had on board 6463 soldiers. In proceeding up the river, the fleet was in danger of entire destruction through the want of skill in the pilots. On the 22d, about midnight, the seamen discovered that they had got among the rocks and islands. Eight or nine transports were thus cast away, and nearly 1000 men lost. After this disaster, the admiral bore away for Cape Breton, and the design was relinquished. The fleet returned to England, and the provincial troops returned home. Nicholson, hearing of the miscarriage of the fleet, also returned, and thus, an expedition which promised so much, accomplished nothing. From this time, until the treaty of Utrecht, signed on the 30th of March, no further offensive operations were undertaken by the colonies. Nova Scotia and Newfoundland were now ceded to Great Britain, and the Indians sued for peace.

HE Abenaquis, or eastern Indians, still continued their hostility to the colonists of New England, instigated, it was supposed, by Father Ralle, a Jesuit, living at Norridgewock, on the Kennebec. In 1722, Colonel Westbrooke, with 230 men, was sent to seize Ralle; but he escaped into the woods, and the Colonel merely brought

off his box of papers. This attempt led the Indians to commit various acts of hostility, and they at length destroyed Berwick. The govern