Miscellanies.

THE ITINERANT IN SCOTLAND.

Ve introduce the following extract from " Ryley's Itiant in Scotland," as a proof of the high degree of animal its that some of our fellow-men are blessed with, even the midst of poverty and wretchedness, pleasantly explified in the broken-down actor of the old school :revious to the dinner hour, sauntering down Leithk with my friend Gilchrist, a person addressed me with th more politeness than appearances would warrant, a more shabby-looking mortal could scarcely be imaed. Manager Davies, the Roscius of all slovens, when met me at the inn at Taunton, mentioned in the first ume of this work, was a beau to this man.

Sir, your most obedient; I doubt you have not the asure of my acquaintance; that is, I beg pardon, you do recollect me; and, indeed, if you did, it would not be ch to your credit, for I am, as you see, seedam castor, lam toggy; and, as to my shirt, perhaps the least said t it the better, for, as Tony Lebrun observes in your derant, it requires a map to find the way into it.-Sir, I formerly in your company at Worcester, with Powell, nn, Richards, &c., and though our shares were but small, toggs were decent, and we managed to get a share of good things of this world; but now, Sir, (viewing nself,) you see how the land lies. Pockets are useless; 1, as to nightcaps, the first floor of a hay-loft is a bed of wn to poor Scroggins."

One shade the more, one shade the less,
Had half impair'd the nameless grace,
Which waves in every raven tress,

Or softly lightens o'er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express

How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.

Sir, there is not a manager from Bristol to Bullock
Smithy that I have not, according to managerial slang,
rode in the same boat with. And I have found, though
too late, that a stage-coachman is better off than a stage-
player; and I think, from experience, I am as well quali-
fied to write a stricture on starving, as any unfortunate
homo that ever stepped between trap and lamp. I hope
this gentleman is an actor, or he'll think me an odd fish.
In your company, I presume, Mr. Romney ?"
"Why, yes, Mr. Scroggins, this gentleman is in my
company at present; a fine light figure for the fops, is
he not ?" My friend laughed heartily. "But it raises my
wonder, Mr. Scroggins, that when you found yourself so
unsuccessful in the pathos, as you say, you did not take
some other parts in the Drama."
"Mr. Romney, a wise man changes his mind often-
a fool never; I was a fool. Sir, an infernal fool. There
is not, perhaps, a better pantomimic performer in the king-
dom than I am at this moment, and for Harlequin".
Here he took a short run in the harlequin trip, and
coming back, struck an attitude, which so struck the
people passing, that we began to wish ourselves well quit
of our companion. I, therefore, no longer restrained my
friend's liberality, whose circumstances enabled him to in-
dulge the feelings of his heart with less inconvenience than
I could; we then jointly placed into his hand what it was
plain to perceive he did not expect, and, at the same time,
promised to use my interest to procure a small subscrip-
tion for him the next day at the Theatre; " if," added 1,
as we left him, "the attempt will not hurt your feelings;"
upon which, placing himself in a theatrical attitude, and
touching his hat, in pompous declamation, he repeated,
"Let the galled jade wince, our withers are unwrung."

ERUPTION OF VESUVIUS.

A correspondent in the Taunton Courier gives the following account of an ascent up Mount Vesuvius, during an eruption :

with some difficulty, a couple of guides, and went forward with torches, but the wind blowing very hard, they were soon extinguished, and we had no other light than the red glare which each explosion of the mountain spread around us. When about half way up, the wind suddenly shifted, and the cinders, &c., which before were blown down to the other side of the mountain, now came in the direction in which we were ascending; immediately a volley of hot stones were thrown out with a report equal to the explosion of a powder-mill, and showered about us in a manner that threatened destruction to us all: only one, however, suffered; a stone that had fallen rebounded against one of our guides, and broke his arm, besides burning him very much. They threw themselves on their knees imploring the assistance of the Madonna, and refused to go any further. Knowing it would be as dangerous to retreat as to advance, we insisted on the one who was still sound accompanying us. Having placed the other under shelter of an immense mass of stones which had been thrown out on former occasions, I put a pistol to the other fellow's head, and threatened to shoot him if he did not immediately advance. This had the desired effect; on we went, and arrived, without further difficulty, at the top, which presented one of the grandest scenes the human mind can conceive. The whole crater presented the appearance of a crucible of boiling gold; for the lava, in a state of fusion, had the resemblance of gold. On most former occasions, this has continued boiling until it boiled over, and then rushed down with overwhelming fury, so that they reckon seven or eight large cities have been entirely buried by it. In the middle of this boiling lava we saw two springs, each about eighty or one hundred feet in circumference, like the muzzles of two large cannons, which kept up a continual discharge of cinders all the time we were up; luckily, no more stones were thrown out: these cinders seemed like showers (of gold, which, with the brilliancy of the stars, contrasted with the gloomy shade of the clouds passing under us, had a most imposing appearance. When we left Naples it was a wet and dark night: in ascending the mountain we passed through the clouds, which, when we had gained the top, were half a mile beneath us, and the sky over our heads was as bright as possible. We remained up about three quarters of an hour, and in coming down picked up the poor fellow we had left on the road, and carried him to the hermitage, from which we had him conveyed to an hospital. The mountain is to-day pretty quiet, and it is

There was a degree of what I call comic-pathetic in this
in's address, far more effective to a mind not lost in sen-
ality than a downright appeal to the feelings, and in
in terms craving relief. This was exemplified in my
end Gilchrist, and I perceived his hand stealing towards
pocket, whilst a tear stood in his eye; for though, as
akspeare says, "he was one of your fat sleek fellows
at sleep_o' nights," his heart never slept in the day.
But as I did not think it prudent for him to give way to
feelings, however generous, from the impulse of the
Coment, without further investigation, I stept in between
y friend and the object of his commiseration, and ob-
ved, I think I recollect something of your name,
r. Scroggins, but time makes a wonderful alteration in
all,-thirty years ago you must have been a young nounced itself, about two months ago, by a tremendous supposed will soon cease burning.

an. What line of business did you sustain ?"

The lovers, Sir, the lovers," placing his hand to his east; "pathos was my forte, though some thought herwise no matter for that. Do you recollect, Sir, my omeo? I believe it will never be forgotten in WorcesT- Arise, fair sun."" He was proceeding pretty loudly ith the speech, accompanied with action, which I plainly Aw might be more attractive than pleasant or profitable, nd therefore begged he would be less energetic, lest the eith-walk audience might not be so well inclined towards im as the Worcester. I then inquired how he had passed is time since he had left that country.

In the old way, Sir; never satisfied; flying from comany to company, astonished at the stupidity of the world -no discernment, fancied myself a star, others thought I was a dark lantern-always escaped the great bird, however." "Run the gauntlet for twenty years through all the managers, from Huggins to Buggins-from old Biggs to old Hughes-Mother Baker, Mother Easey, Welch, Quelch, Snags, Sprags, Sims, and Fraiser. In short,

The Goose.

Naples, April 5th, 1828.—We have just had one of the
grandest sights that it is possible to imagine an eruption
Although Naples is about four
of Mount Vesuvius.
miles distant from the mountain, it may be said to be at
the foot of it, for the ascent begins almost at the gates of
the city; I had, of course, therefore, an opportunity of
seeing it well. The internal commotion of Vesuvius an-
shock of an earthquake, which destroyed several houses,
and killed about eighty people within a few miles of Naples.
The eruption began on the twelfth day from the earth-
quake, and continued vomiting forth fire, cinders, and
stones, rather slightly, for the first six or seven days; on
the eighth I resolved, with two friends, Englishmen, to go
to the top and look into the crater. The height of the
mountain is seven miles, one half of which you travel on
mules; the other part, which is the cone, we were obliged
to do on foot. The crater or mouth is about two miles
and a half in circumference, and when in a quiescent state,
was filled up to within about three-quarters of a mile of
the summit. We began the ascent about ten o'clock at
night, and when we reached the hermitage, the part where
we were obliged to quit our mules, we found between two
and three hundred people, principally English and French,
as few Neapolitans are bold enough to venture up on such
occasions, and these were deterred from proceeding, as at
that moment the mountain was roaring in the most terrific
manner, and throwing up red hot stones in the air, some
of which were nearly half a ton weight. Myself and my
companions having resolved to run all risks, procured,

THE CASTLE OF CSEITHE, IN HUNGARY.

The Castle of Cseithe, on the Waag, is now but a mass of ruins and rubbish. After having belonged to Matthias Corvinus and to Maximilian II. it fell into the hands of Elizabeth Bathory, niece of Stephen Bathory, King of Poland, and wife of Francis Nadasdy. This Princess has given an unhappy celebrity to the castle, where she displayed, for many years, a degree of cruelty of which history can afford few examples. She educated in her residence indigent young women, to whom she gave portions, and married, on certain remarkable occasions, in the year; but she punished, with severity and violence, the most trifling faults, and seemed to take pleasure in seeing these innocent creatures suffer. One day she struck one of them in a brutal manner; and the blood of the victim having flown into her face, she ran to a mirror to wipe it off. She fancied that her skin was become whiter, more beautiful, and more brilliant; and the idea immediately occurred to her of renewing her youth, by bathing herself in the blood of these unfortunate girls. Two old chamber-maids,

and her dwarf, Fitzko, assisted her in this horrible project. ascend a hill, or otherwise attain an elevation, in order to
The youthful female attendants successively disappeared; see a greater distance, when it would appear, from J. F.'s
and what is almost inconceivable, above three hundred assertion, that the range of view would be greatest if the
had been sacrificed to the caprice of this ferocious woman
before any discovery was made. At length a young man, eye were placed upon the level of the sea. I suppose,
having lost his intended bride in this manner, conceived from his reasoning, that J. F., when he looks at an object
some suspicions, and, by means of money, even obtained cocks his eye, and takes aim, as he would at a covey of
the mortal remains of her whose loss he deplored. Stung partridges; for, really, he does not seem very clear-sighted,
with indignation, he hastened to Presburgh, where he
loudly proclaimed his grief and his despair. As a Princess and speaks of "pitching his sight,” and “the eye strik-
was implicated, George Thurzo, the palatine of the king.ing the ground," as though it were not possible to look
dom, resolved, in person, to repair to the spot, where he straight.
surprised the four monsters in the fact, at the very moment
when their victim was expiring, after having struggled in
vain with her executioners. Proceedings were commenced,
and the whole published, to satisfy the public indignation.
The two women were condemned to have their right hands
cut off, and to be beheaded; the dwarf, also, to lose his
hand, and then be cast into the flames. The Princess was
confined in a dark and narrow prison, where she died three
years afterwards, in 1614. Only a few years ago, the porter
of the castle still showed the place where these abomina.
tions had been committed, the earthen vessel which had
received the blood, and the deep pit into which the bodies
of the victims were thrown.-American paper.

Correspondence.

FIGURE OF THE EARTH.

TO THE EDITOR.

I hope, for the future, his "inquiring eye" will seek
some other "bantling" upon which to exert his powers,
always bearing in mind that," Aliqua pars sapientiæ est,
stultitiam silentio tegere."—I am, Sir,
Liverpool, June 18, 1828.

MATHEMATICUS.

IMPORTANT TO PERSONS GOING TO SEA,

PASSENGERS

IN STEAM-BOATS, &c., AND TO PER

SONS LEARNING TO SWIM.

sons to learn to swim, and of supporting them in the w with their clothes on.

"Without stirring hand or foot, by means of the jac I remained upright in the water, with one person holding a at each of my shoulders, and the jacket supported all the although none of us made any use of our hands or feet.

(Signed) "FRECHET, "Professor of Gymnastics and Swimming "Liverpool, June 18, 1828."

DIRECTIONS FOR PUTTING ON THE IMPROVED MARINY LIN
PRESERVER.

The particular attention of those who use the Mar 5
Preserver is requested to the following directions:-

they may be worn on the naked body, it is preferable to a
an under-waistcoat of flannel, or some other substatet

thicker the better. This, besides keeping the body want
than when naked, serves to prevent the cross-beil
chafing the wearer in swimming. A strong pair of cats
with a loop (2, 3) on each side, just above the hips, is pa
larly recommended. A strong piece of tape, or apron
should be fastened to each of these loops; and when the
is worn, these tapes should be put through the twosze
the jacket drawn down, and the drawers up, as close a
sible. This is found to be of the greatest important. --
prevents the jacket from slipping upwards, and it ke
collar down in the water, and consequently elevata in
wearer higher in floating.

The mode of putting on this Marine Life Preserver simple as to require little or no direction, as a bare inspec of the figure will enable almost any person to understan The head is put through the aperture in the canvas, and a upper part of the Cork Collar brought in front, nearly 22

SIR,-Your correspondent A. M. appears to me to be
rather at a loss which part of Mr. Hunt's statement he
ought to believe, and which reject. He thinks the disap-
pearance of the hull of a ship, in going to sea, being
caused by the spherical figure of the earth, rather doubt- Have on Sale, at their GENERAL PRINTING OFFICE, Lord-

Warranted to support the wearer in the water, either naked tact with the chin. The strap (1) should be buckled a
or with his clothes on, and with a considerable weight
of money, or other articles in his pockets.
EGERTON SMITH & Co.

ful; yet says, that "the rotundity of the earth does not admit of a doubt." He considers it absurd to account for the phenomena advanced by Mr. H. by increase of den. sity, yet, increase of obscurity is quite plausible.

Now, he does not inform us what it is that creates this obscurity; but, if he thinks that obscurity at the horizon causes objects to disappear, in ordinary cases, I can inform him that he is wrong, and, at the same time, answer his questions. An eye, situated on a level with the sea, would not be able to discern a receding object, to the distance of twenty miles, unless the altitude of that object were 216 feet; and an object whose altitude does not exceed 20 feet, would not be visible more than five and a half miles, if the density of the atmosphere were not greater at the earth's surface than in the upper regions of the air. This may appear strange to some of your readers, particularly to Mr. Hunt; but the increase of density actually enables us to see the object whose altitude is 20 feet, more than half a mile further than we otherwise should do, if this were not the case.

Now, what does A. M. mean, by saying that greater obscurity prevails close to the surface, than that which exists about the masts and rigging? when he must be aware that, in the horizon, every part of an object is equally relieved by light; and the vessel must reach the horizon before it disappears at all; after which it gradually vanishes upwards, as if it sunk into the sea. Does he think the obscurity increases upwards in proportion to the distance? If it did not, after the hull had disappeared from obscurity, the topmasts would next disappear, from distance, instead of the lower part of the rigging, as the magnitude of the upper part of the masts is considerably less than that of the lower. This effect, however, does not take place, and from that we may draw the inference that the reasoning of A. M. is not correct.

In concluding with A. M. I must just observe, that the obscurity of which he speaks, seems to me to be much nearer home than he is aware.

While I am upon the subject, I cannot resist the temptation of saying a few words to J. F.; but his letter is such a tissue of absurdity, that I scarcely know where to begin. Stop! I have found a sentence. He says, that "the less his height, the greater distance he would be enabled to see the base of the posts." If this be true, it is quite ridiculous to

street, Liverpool,

IMPROVED MARINE

LIFE PRESERVERS.

These Preservers may be put on as readily as an ordinary waistcoat, and they will sustain the wearer in the water, with the head and shoulders above the surface, without the slight est exertion on his part. They will defend the body from external bruises, and keep the wearer much warmer than he would be without them. They form no impediment to the swimmer; and any person may readily learn to swim by

their means.

To persons wrecked at sea, they will be of the utmost importance, as it is not necessary to take off any part of the wearing apparel; and the wearer may thus not only preserve his clothes, but also any money he may be possessed of. Marine Preservers would be most invaluable, as they serve to keep the body warm and dry; nor do they, in the slightest degree, prevent the wearer from using the oars; whilst, by inspiring confidence, they may be the means of inducing seamen to venture where it would be unsafe, or fatal, to go

To Boats' Crews, and especially those of Life Boats, these

without them.

They may be had either lined or padded, and so made as to adjust themselves to persons of all sizes.

Persons in the country, who are desirous of becoming pur
chasers, are requested to state about their weight, and their
stature and bulk.

to One Pound and Twenty-five Shillings, according to their
The prices of the Preservers vary from Eighteen Shillings
finish; and any person remitting the money (post-paid) may
have one of the most complete description forwarded to his
address.
An allowance made for a wholesale order, or for exporta-

tion.

E. SMITH and Co. pledge themselves to return the purchasemoney, if these Marine Preservers do not answer the descrip tion they have here given of them.

It is presumed that these Marine Preservers would sell very well abroad.

Had the Passengers and Crew of the Alert Packet been furnished with these Preservers, not one of them would have perished.

Orders for these Jackets may be transmitted through the Agents for the Mercury and the Kaleidoscope.

CERTIFICATE OF THE UTILITY OF THE LIFE

PRESERVER.

The following certificate is drawn up by an excellent

swimmer, and a most competent judge of the art, Mr. Frechet,
who teaches swimming professionally, and who is associated

with Mr. Hamon in teaching gymnastics.

"I certify, that I have made trial of Mr. E. Smith's Improved Cork Collar Jacket, which I consider a most simple and useful invention, both for the purpose of enabling per

as the wearer can bear it, as this keeps the jacket fram s ping up, and also keeps the body warm. Any person prefers it may line the canvas with flannel; and if the s should be found too hard, it might also be lined.

A jacket or spencer may be worn over the flannel ca waistcoat, and a pair of breeches over the drawers, wearer pleases. They will keep him warmer; and the Py server will buoy him up with any quantity of clothes of,his shoes or boots, if there should not be time to take a off.

It is of such consequence to fasten down the jacket to breeches or drawers, that the suggestion is here repeated.

Literary and Scientific Mirror.

Macclesfield-P. Hall;
Mottram-R. Wagstaff;
Nantwich-B. Butterworth;

familiar Miscellany, from which all religious and political matters are excluded, contains a variety of original and selected Articles; comprehending Literature, CritiCISM, MExand CANNERS, AMUSEMENT, elegant EXTRACTS, POETRY, ANECDOTES, BIOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGY, the DRAMA, ARTS and SCIENCES, WIT and SATIRE, FASHIONS, NATURAL HISTORY, &c. forming handsome ANNUAL VOLUME, with an INDEX and TITLE-PAGE. Persons in any part of the Kingdom may obtain this Work from London through their respective Booksellers. NDON-Sherwood and Bolton-J. Kell; Booksellers; E. Marl- Blackburn-T. Rogerson; rough, Ave-Maria-lane; Bradford-J. Stanfield; C.Smith, 36, St. James- Burnley-T. Sutcliffe; reet. Burslem-S. Brougham; R. Timmis : Bury-J. Kay: Carlisle-H. K. Snowden;

Newcastle-under-Lyme-J.Mort;
Newcastle-u.-Tyne-J. Finley;
Northwich-G. Fairhurst;
Nottingham-C. Sutton;
North Shields-Miss Barnes;
Oldham-J. Dodge;
Ormskirk-W. Garside;
Oswestry-W. Price; Edwards;

LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY, JULY 1, 1828.

Meanwhile, the injury is seriously and more espe- | tigable member of the British Senate, Mr. Alderman
cially felt in three ramifications. First, the public
are losing all the comfort and individual benefit
which the act before cited was meant to confer.
Secondly, the poor working fisherman's "hope of
better days," is chilled and suspended; and thirdly,
the fishery capitalist is subjected to a great pecu-
niary loss, or foregoing the well-earned reward of
his honourable adventure.

it is becoming comparatively a scarce fish. The great
Northern fisheries and the Irish fisheries are much less
productive than formerly. The simple remedies for this
national evil are-1st. To suffer more fish to spawn, and
fish of all ages and sizes.-2d. To prevent any fish from
being killed on rivers after spawning.—3d. To prevent the
young salmon or salmon fry from being killed."
Hereby a great national evil is admitted, and a legisla-
tive remedy has been prescribed, but your petitioner most
humbly submits that the office of conservator, in whom
concentres all the power of curing the disease, should
derive his appointment and authority from a higher quarter
than that of the justices in the different localities,-for
although a writ of mandamus would compel them to do
their duty, when informations should be brought before
them of any violations of the act, yet the character of an
informer is generally too odious to expect that the fisheries
would receive any regular, systematic, or effectual protec-
tion from the aid of persons of such a description.

Your petitioner, therefore, begs leave further to submit, as the only innovation upon the said act of the 58th of his late Majesty, (and that for no other purpose than that of strengthening and giving effect to its wise operations,) that the office of conservator should be rendered respectable and above venal temptation, by a salary of at least £200 per annum, that they should be appointed by some branch of the executive government,-that about the number of twelve might be sufficient for the fisheries of England and Wales, and that your petitioner himself would undertake to induct and qualify all the appointees in the duty of the But inasmuch as there is no ostensible fund from whence the salary of the said conservators could be paid, your petitioner humbly suggests that the county rates should be rendered chargeable therewith, seeing that the advantages of abundance and cheapness of the fish must be the natural result of a true and faithful administration of the law, and that, therefore, the community at large would eventually find an equivalent, at least, for the trifling addition to the gross amount of a provincial impost.

office.

Wherefore your petitioner prays that (should any doubts arise in your Honourable House as to the accuracy of his statements, or the policy of legislative interference, to amend or give effect to the act herein cited) he may be heard at the bar of your Honourable House, when he doubts not of being able to produce a thorough conviction that a great national evil may be speedily remedied, and a national good of corresponding magnitude effected in its stead And your petitioner will ever pray, &c.

The Bouquet.

"I have here only made a nosegay of culled flowers, and have brought nothing of my own but the thread that ties them."

MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE TURKS.

contained 101 ortas, until, in 1623, Murad IV. abolished | fended themselves gallantly, and, with the aid of a fa
one of them for the crime of one of its members. The se- pieces of cannon, loaded with case shot, rendered the to
cond division contained 61 ortas; the third, 34 ortas; and bat somewhat doubtful; but observing that the assal
the fourth the same number. The last division always re- were every moment increasing, and fearing to be entry
mained at Constantinople, even in time of war. When surrounded, they retreated, and took refuge in an immea
complete, each orta contained 500 men, and was com- barrack, where they hoped to be able to defend thems
manded by eight officers. The superior officers of the The Pasha, arriving at the gate of the barrack, and find.
whole corps were eighteen in number. The troops ing it closed, brought two pieces of cannon to bear
amounted, therefore, to 114,500 men, and were commanded it, and shattered it to pieces. But, at the same moment,
by 1840 officers. But they no longer exist, and we shall six pieces were fired from the interior upon the assaila
now describe a few of the tremendous circumstances which while a tremendous shower of musketry was poured
accompanied their extinction as a military body.
them from the windows. It was at this momen
"The excesses committed by the Janissaries (observes Mahmoud, who sat at his ease in his seraglio wire
an eye witness of their destruction) determined the present work of death was proceeding, commanded the Pa
Sultan, on his accession to the throne, to rid himself of set fire to the barrack, and was instantly obeyed.-An
this degenerate body, which, sooner or later, would have now a scene of horror, such as romance writers a
undoubtedly caused the ruin of the empire. He clearly in vain to imagine or describe, took place. The Ja
foresaw the consequences of his project; death, if he saries, intent upon defending themselves from ther
should fail, but, in case of success, the most complete mies, and bearded like lions in their den, paid no att
triumph; and in 1826 he struck the decisive blow, and to the conflagration,-a thing which they had been ca
was fortunate. For eighteen years this politic and cruel tomed to create for sport.-but bent all their effr
Prince had been dwelling in his mind on this masterstroke, repel the Pasha. The flames, however, mingled v
as may be inferred from his collecting, after the murder thick clouds of smoke, and emitting an intolerable ba
of Mustapha, the arms and cartouch-boxes of the Nizam every moment gained ground, and burning beams and
Jedid, (new troops,) which he caused to be carefully pre- red hot bricks and stones fell thundering on all sides,
served in the armoury of the Seraglio; where, three months drove the Janissaries down into the great court of the
before the great massacre, fifty thousand muskets from building. This new asylum was as fatal to them
Leige were also deposited unknown to the public." first; for here they were again unrelentingly massa
Tacitus observes, that when we desire an opinion to take by cannon loaded with case shot, and placed at every d
root in the public mind, we must be careful to sow it our-way leading into the court. It was in vain that ther
selves. Mahmoud, who certainly did not borrow the hint vited the cannoniers to join the standard of rebellion:
from the Roman historian, caused it to be diligently cir- was in vain that they addressed them by the nati
culated, at the proper moment, that he was projecting the friends, companions: the only reply accorded them by
reform of the army, and the introduction of European cannoniers was death. It was in vain, also, that they
regulations. And while every body was doubting whether manded pardon, and begged for their lives; no mercy
to believe the report or not, the Prince threw off the shown them, and they all perished, either by the car
mask at once, made known his imperial will, commenced or the devouring flames. If a few succeeded in mak
the new organization in the capital, and despatched innu- their way through the burning ruins, they were in
merable couriers to all parts of the empire, with orders to diately surrounded by the Sultan's party, and poignan
the several Pachas to begin immediately the formation of on the spot. The other barracks, which were not far
new regiments."
tant, were next attacked, and, with the exception of 1
who had the good fortune to reach the Asiatic short,
take refuge in the Forest of Belgrade, the whele
of the Janissaries was exterminated in one day ma
night.

When the European residents at Constantinople saw
that the decisive step was taken, they expected that an insur-
rection of the Janissaries, and tremendous civil convulsions,
would follow; and they were not disappointed. On the
15th of June, at two o'clock in the morning, the report
was spread at Pera that the military kettles (the signals of
insurrection or war) were transported to the Atmeidan,
and that the Janissaries demanded the heads of the five
Great Officers and Dignitaries of the empire. They rushed
to the palace of their own commander, with intent to
murder him, and not finding the proper victim, abused his
wives and children. From this they proceeded to other
enormities, and as they ran through the terrified streets of
Constantinople, there were heard on all sides cries of
Death to Sultan Mahmoud! Long live his son Achmet!
Down with the New Troops! Long live the children of
Hajji Bektash! (the Janissaries.)

Esquisses de Mœurs Turques au 19me Siecle, &c. Par Gregoire residence; but on hearing of the insurrection, he hastened
Palaiologue.

FROM A LATE LONDON LITERARY JOURNAL.

THE JANISSARIES.

tan, whom these crimes were intended to terrify, was not
moved for a moment from pursuing his original design.
"These Janissaries (he said) shall all be cut off, or the
plough shall pass over the ruins of Constantinople."

The above account of the destruction of the Janissar is abridged from the second part of the French werk titled, Two years at Constantinople," &c., the fint of which we reviewed in a former number. The ho account of the same troops, which precedes this nam is erroneous in many particulars; as, for example, in serting that the Janissaries were instituted by Amureth (Murad) I., the son of Orkhan; and in saying the 50 Christian ever belonged to the corps, when they wer first entirely composed of Christians. In what the au relates of the events which took place under his own there seems to be every mark of truth: and the elvara of style which the narration of fearful circumstances cafes upon even a mediocre writer, is strikingly visible in part of the work. Indeed, considering the interest just now attaches to the subject, we should think a chr edition of a translation of the work would sell; events, we strongly recommend such of our readers as hare any curiosity respecting the modern Turks, to peruse original French. There are numerous coloured pra

At this moment the Sultan was absent at his country back with his chief officers to his seraglio at Constantinople, fearing lest the Janissaries should seize upon his treasury, and certain commanding batteries; in which case they would infallibly have succeeded in their design. The seditious soldiers, confiding in their own numbers, and the terror they doubted not they should create in the Sovereign, took presenting costumes, at the end of it, which great tiThere were, until very lately, four bodies of infantry in no prudent measures to secure success, but contented them-hance its value. the Turkish empire:-1. The Janissaries.-1. The Je-selves with committing all manner of excesses. The Sul- To complete our picture of the extermination of the J bedgis-3. Topchis, or Cannoniers; and . The Topnissaries, we shall translate one or two passages, wardr Arabadgis. The Janissaries were established by Orkhan, word :-" Four days after the massacre, I visited the out in 1330, instead of the Rayas. The Turkmans proving where the Janissaries had fallen. A more hideous sigh insubordinate, and unfit to serve in the infantry, Orkhan I never beheld. The ruins of the barrack were formed his new troops from the Christian prisoners; and The Janissaries, on learning the imperial will, were smoking: the dead bodies were lying scattered among the a venerable dervish, Hajji-Bektash, consecrated the corps, rendered desperate, and, in token of civil war, turned rubbish, and emitted a pestilential odour. What shocked by placing his white sleeve on the heads of its officers, their camp-kettles upside down; while, on the other hand, me the most, however, in this scene of slaughter, was the pronouncing numberless benedictions on them and pro- the sacred standard of Mohammed was borne out of the body of an unhappy woman, who, refusing to aband mising them the favour of Heaven. At the same time seraglio, and the Mufti, or chief priest, pronounced the her husband, was killed in the barrack, where she le he bestowed upon the young soldiers the name of Yeni-outlawry of the rebel troops. The streets of Constanti-stretched out, with her right side ripped open, and des cheri, "new troops," which we have metamorphosed into nople now rung with the cry of "Let every Mussulman child hanging at her breast." Janissaries. The Janissaries, on their part, chose the holy who is faithful to his religion, take up arms and repair, Further on the author adds,-"Every thing now begi Dervish for their patron, and assumed the name of Beck- beneath the sacred standard, to the mosque of Sultan to assume a tranquil appearance, and the organizatio taschis; and the colleges of Dervishes founded by the Achmet!" The Muezzins, with loud sonorous voices, the troops was proceeding rapidly when Constantiap same man, enrolled themselves in the corps of the Janis-proclained the decree from the minarets of the city; and was set on fire in four places. It was evidently the w saries, of which they formed the 99th orta, or company. every Mussulman obeyed, and the whole of the people of some partisans of the Janissaries, and the Sulta At first, with the exception of these Dervishes, none moved in tumultuous masses towards the Hippodrome. that something, yet remained to be done, before but Christians were admitted into the corps. Mohammed The populace from the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus also should be completely restored. Five women were are II. completed its organization, but his regulations were thronged towards the same spot; and this vast multitude, who were running through the streets, crying alon afterwards somewhat modified by the great Solyman. It preceded by eight or ten thousand cannoniers, commanded Down with the Sultan! Down with the new troops consisted of 229 ortas or companies, of which 79 remained by Aga Pasha, rushed towards the place where the Janis-Long live the Janissaries!" They were each incis in garrison in the capital, while the remainder were dis-saries were encamped, as it were, and in a moment com- in a sack, and thrown into the Bosphorus."-156-7. persed through the various provinces of the empire. The menced the charge. Though surprised, and somewhat In all probability they were unhappy widows, whi whole corps consisted of four divisions-the first of which confounded, by this sudden attack, the Janissaries de-affliction and sorrow had bereaved of understanding.