and show himself: no answer being given, Mr. Schureman sent his dog into the pit, and in the twinkling of an eye a tall stout fellow made his appearance, and took to his heels across the field. The night being dark, he might have effected his escape had it not been for the sagacity and courage of the dog, which pursued him for some distance; but at last came up with him, and seized and held him fast until the arrival of Mr. Schureman and the watchmen, who secured him. The jury convicted the prisoner, and the court sentenced him to six months' imprisonment in the Penitentiary. The young gentlemen attending the Medical School of this city will take warning by this man's fate. They may rest assured, that the keeper of Potter's Field will do his duty, and public justice will be executed on any man, whatever may be his condition in life, who is found violating the law, and the decency of Christian burial!" The same paper gives the following account of a transaction, which took place at Hartford, in Connecticut, May 17. Yesterday morning, two ladies were taking a walk in the South Burying ground, when they discovered a tape-string, and a piece of cloth, which, upon examination, was found to be the piece that was laced upon Miss Jane Benton's face, who came to her death by drowning, and was buried a few days since. The ladies then went to the grave, and found that it had been dis turbed that she was taken out of her coffin, and a rope around her neck. The circumstance has produced great excitement in the public mind; and every one is on the alert to discover the perpetrators of this unfeeling, brutal act. The citizens turned out in a body yesterday, and interred the corpse again." 66 These scenes are highly disgraceful, and disgraceful to all, though not alike to all parties. We do not blame the Americans for abolishing the practice of exhumation; but we blame them for stopping there. We maintain, that it is both absurd and criminal, to make this practice felony, without providing in some other method for the cultivation of anatomy. Correspondence. CALCULATION OF INTEREST. TO THE EDITOR. PHILARITHME At the rate of five per cent, in small sums, such in which the number of pounds and the number do not, unitedly, consist of more than four figurs haps this may be as easy and expeditious a method Multiply the given number of pounds by the num days, (this is a necessary operation in every method) the product by three, and afterwards (by placing the mal point before the last figure in the quotient) the result will be the answer in pence, from which, ever, we must deduct one in seventy-three; that is, every amount of 6s. 1d. we must deduct the ld, For example:-73 days' interest on £60. 73 60 3)4380 6s. 1d. therefore the deduction of 2d. will render amount correct. It will be seen that this mode of lating is founded on the assumption that the year d only 360 days, which is 1-73d part less than the tree ber. The quotient being, in consequence, too larg its seventy-third part, must be reduced according the above-mentioned deduction. If the product of the days and pounds consists of than four figures, divide, successively, by 8 andr lastly, by 100, by placing the decimal point bán cond figure (to the left) of the integer. It is an odious thing that the teachers of anatomy should be brought into contact with such men: that they should be obliged to employ them, and that they should even be in their power; which they are to such a degree, that they are obliged to bear with the wantonness of their tyranny and insult. All the clamour against these men, all the punishment inflicted on them, only operate to raise the SIR,-As it frequently happens to commercial car premium on the repitition of their offence. This premium require to know the interest upon a sum of money, the teachers of anatomy are obliged to pay, which these there is not an interest table at hand, it is desirable tod men perfectly understand, who do not at all dislike the ver the most easy and expeditious methods of computing opposition which is made to their vocation. It gives them If you think any of the following methods worthy of a no unreasonable pretext for exorbitancy in their demands. in your amusing and useful publication, they are quite In general they are men of infamous character; some of your service; and if you, or any of your arithmetical them are thieves, others are the companions and abettors respondents, are acquainted with preferable methods, of thieves. Almost all of them are extremely destitute. publication of them, at your convenience, will much When apprehended for the offence in question, the teachers one of your numerous readers. of anatomy are obliged to pay the expenses of the trial, and to support their families while they are in prison; whence the idea of immunity is associated, in these men's minds, with the violation of the law; and when they do happen to incur its penalties, they practically find that they and their families are provided for, and this provision comes to them in the shape of a reward for the commission of their offence. The operation of such a system on the minds of the individuals themselves is exceedingly pernicious, and is not a little dangerous to the community. Moreover, by the method of exhumation the supply after all is scanty; it is never adequate to the wants of the schools; it is of necessity precarious, and it sometimes fails altogether for several months But it is of the utmost importance that it should be abundant, regular, and cheap. The number of young men who come annually to London for the purpose of studying medicine and surgery may be about a thousand. Their expenses are, necessarily, very considerable, while in town: they have already paid a large sum for their apprenticeship in the country; the circumstances of country practitioners, in general, can but ill afford protracted expenses for their In Great Britain, the law against the practice of exhu-sons in London; few of them stay a month longer than mation is not allowed to slumber. There may be other cases the time prescribed by the College of Surgeons. But the which have not come to our knowledge; but we have ascer- short period they spend in London is the only time they tained that there have been 14 convictions for it in England have for acquiring the knowledge of their profession. If alone, during the last year. The punishments inflicted they misspend these precious hours, or if the means of emhave been imprisonment for various periods, with fines of ploying them properly be denied them, they must, necesdifferent sums. The fines in general are heavy, consider- sarily, remain ignorant for life. After they leave London ing the poverty of the offenders. Several persons are, at they have no means of dissecting. We have seen that it is this moment, suffering these penalties; among others, by dissecting alone that they can make themselves acthere is now in the gaol of St. Alban's, a man who was quainted even with the principles of their art; that withsentenced for this offence to two years' imprisonment and out it they cannot so much as avail themselves of the a fine of £20. The period of his confinement has expired opportunities of improvement, which experience itself may some time; but he still remains in prison, on account of offer, nor, without the highest temerity, perform a single his inability to pay the fine. Since the passing of the operation. We have seen that occasions suddenly occur, new Vagrant Act, it has been the common practice to which require the prompt performance of important and commit these offenders to hard labour for various periods. difficult operations; we have seen that unless such operaVery lately, two men, convicted of this offence, were sent tions are performed immediately, and with the utmost to the tread-mill, in Coldbath-fields; one of whom died skill, life is inevitably lost. In many such cases there is in one month after his commitment. It is an error to sup- no time to send for other assistance. If a country pracpose that these punishments operate to prevent exhuma-titioner (and most of these young men go to the country) tion; their only effect is to raise the price of subjects; a be not himself capable of doing what is proper to be done, little reflection will show that they can have no other ope- the death of the patient is certain. We put it to the reader ration. At present exhumation is the only method by to imagine what the feelings of an ingenuous young man which subjects for dissection can be procured; but sub-must be, who is aware of what he ought to do, but who is the figures which follow; and, if we deduct w jects for this purpose must be procured: and be the difficulties what they may, will be procured: diseases will occur, operations must be performed, medical men must be educated, anatomy must be studied, dissections must go on. Unless some other means for affording a supply be adopted, whatever be the law or the popular feeling, neither magistrates, nor judges, nor juries, will, or can, put an entire stop to the practice. It is one which, from the absolute necessity of the case, must be allowed. What is the consequence? So long as the practice of exhumation continues, a race of men must be trained up to violate the law. These men must go out in company for the purpose of nightly plunder, and plunder of the most odious kind, tending in a peculiar and most alarming measure to brutify the mind, and to eradicate every feeling and sentiment worthy of a man. This employment becomes a school in which men are trained for the com. mission of the most daring and inhuman crimes. Its ope. ration is similar to, but much worse than, the nightly band. ing to violate the game laws, because there is something in the violation of the grave, which tends still more to degrade the character and to harden the heart. This offence is connived at; nay, it is rewarded; these men are absolutely paid to violate the law; and paid by men of reputation and influence in society. The transition is but too easy to the commission of other offences in the hope of similar connivance, if not of similar reward. Since the above was written, we have learned that this raan has been recently liberated, and his fine remitted. For example :-30 days' interest on £438 30 8)13140 9)1642.5 1.82.5 from this amount (£1 16s. 6d.) we must deduct it fi because it contains 6s. 1d. six times. To calculate readily, by these methods, it is to be familiar with the valuation of decimals of me inspection. With the first figures (the tenths) ther be no difficulty, as we have only to double the figu it gives the number of shillings; and the two be converted into farthings, by the deduction of 1 in fact, much smaller numbers than 25 frequentir quire a deduction of one: but this necessity depers conscious that his knowledge is not sufficient to authorize requisite, it is only an inaccuracy of a farthing, him to attempt to perform it, and who sees his patient die in charging interest, is an error on the safe side. before him, when he knows that he might be saved, and The following method is also a pretty easy that it would have been in his own power to save him, very nearly correct. After the first operation, had he been properly educated. We put it to the reader plication of the pounds by the days,) divide to conceive what his own sensations would be, were an by 3. Divide this quotient by 9; then add the ignorant surgeon, with a rashness more fatal than the cri-tients and the product together. Lastly, divide minal modesty of the former, to undertake an important by placing the decimal point before the fourth operation. Suppose it were a tumour, which turned out to the left) of the integer. The remainder is so rea be an aneurism; suppose it were a hernia, in operating on correct amount, that it will be not quite a penny t which the epigastric artery were divided, or the intestine in £10. itself wounded; suppose it were his mother, his wife, his sister, his child, whom he thus saw perish before his eyes, what would the reader then think of the prejudice which withholds from the surgeon that information without which the practice of his profession is murder? Days. (To be concluded in our next.) Tide Table. Morn. Even Height.| Festivals, &c. For example:-24 days', on £3122 24 8)74928 9)24976 2775 10.267910549. If, instead of this process, we had divided, after th operation, by 7300, (the only perfectly accurate p the answer would have differed only in the third the decimal, and the amount have been only 1. This process is founded on this principle. It cessive divisions, by 3 and 9, with the subsequent ad Thursday 3 0 39 0 58 18 10 Richard, Bishop of Chich. of the two quotients to the dividend, are equivalen Friday .. 41 16 1 36 18 2 Good Friday. St. Ambrose. nearly, to dividing it by 7297, which is within a * correct divisor 137 = 1000100 is which is very 7300 the same value as the other, exceeding it only in portion of 10001 to 10,000. a the time is not given in days, but in calendar the mode of calculating the interest is very well and very easy-the interest of a pound being a in the year, and of course a penny for every month. writing the above, I have found a method superior Te preceding ones. After the first operation, mulcale product by 13.7, then divide by 100,000. For e, 73 days on £1000. にち 1000 et amount; for the figure of 1 in the third place of is, is below the value of a farthing, on account of lness of the figures which follow it. To make it be of a farthing, the figures following it should en 04166, &c.; and, if the amount of the interest double, the decimal figure, 2, would not, in that ve indicated more than one farthing, because two For example:-12 days' interest, at 4 per cent., on £3456. 24)345.6 14.4 331.2 3787.2 12 £. s. d. £4,5446.44 10 10 The principle of the calculation is this:-The operations on the principal (exclusively of the multiplication of it by the number of the days) are equivalent to multiplying it by 263, and then dividing by 2400000, whereas dividing by 9125 (in the regular and perfectly accurate process) is equivalent to multiplying by 263 and dividing by 2399875 only; which divisor is less than the other in the proportion of 19191 to 19200. The amount resulting will, therefore, be too small in that proportion. ANOTHER METHOD. After multiplying the pounds by the days, divide the product by 12. Divide this quotient by 7, then add altogether, and divide by 10,000. The amount is a trifle below the truth, namely, a farthing in £1 18s. For example:-1430 for 12 days. 1450 12 12)17400 7)1450 207. 1.9057 £1 18s. 1fd. s require to be followed by higher figures, viz. by The exact amount of the interest is £1 18s. 1¿d. e. It appears, therefore, that this mode of calcuperfectly accurate in any amount of interest under ad, in the case of £20, is only one farthing too calculation of interest at the rate of 4 per cent. is RATIONALE OF THE PROCESS. It will be found that, after the multiplication of the pounds and days, the operations are equivalent to multiplying by 92 and dividing by 240000. Now the fraction 92 240000 1 9125 blesome than at that of 5; because, in the reguis of less value than by the 1825th part of the perfectly accurate method of doing it, it requires of a much larger divisor, viz. 9125, instead of The interest in one year is the twenty-fifth part of latter; and as 1825 farthings are £1 18s. very nearly, the en number of pounds. Let p stand for the pounds, amount found by this mode of calculation will be too small for the given number of days. Then, by the rule only in the proportion above mentioned. It of the interest for the given number of days. avoid the employment of such a troublesome divi le method usually adopted is, to take the interest SIR,-At the time I last did myself the honour to t 5 per cent., and then to deduct from it the fifth address you, the possibility of completely varying the t it may be managed much more easily than by this experiment with the cards occurred to me, which, in the ad, (and even with more ease than the calculation at communication alluded to, were called A and B. Since cent) in this manner:-After the first operation, then, I have had irrefragable evidence of it, from actual multiplication of the pounds by the days) add to the experiment, and, therefore, I hope that a brief statement act its tenth part, and then divide by 10000, by ng the decimal point before the fourth figure (to the will not prove uninteresting. of the integers. The effect of this addition and To such as have tried the experiment in air, by a stream of the same, it may appear equally or more curious to observe the same effect, when made in water, with water forced through the tube. For this purpose, the instru ment may be made of light tin, with the tube of B turned at right angles: we may then, by using a tube somewhat in the form of the letter J, make the experiment with water instead of air. We have only to take the long end of this additional tube, and tie it into the neck of a bladder filled with water; and the smaller end may be joined to B, by wrapping a small piece of paper round it, and keep the juncture water-tight. We shall find, on immersing this apparatus in a vessel of water, and raising the bladder to increase the altitude of the column of fluid, that no light body, having a flat surface, and which will sink in the water, can remain on B, so long as water flows from the bladder; but that A will remain unmoved, when inverted, even though pressure be applied to the bladder for giving rapidity of motion to the jet between A and B.-I am, Sir, yours, very respectfully, Liverpool, March 20, 1828. TO THE EDITOR. D. SIR,-Permit me to state to you what appears to me to be the reason why the upper card cannot be blown off, though a half-crown, so much heavier, can. [The lighter the cover, the more difficult will be the task to blow it off.] By experiment, I think it may be seen, that it is the manner in which the air escapes that causes the card to be fixed When the upper card is struck by a current of air passing through a tube, the card so struck would fly off, but is immediately checked by the air rebounding against the lower card, and, with a diminished force, sliding out into the atmospheric air, in such a curling upward direction at the edge, as to render it, in such a situation, impossible for the card to quit. The air ascends from the edges in an oblique direction, forming at once a complete barrier against the feeble pressure of a card, or any other light substance, but not sufficient to resist the weight of a half-crown, or such a dense or flat body. The half-crown lying flat upon the card, excludes much of the atmospheric air from between, but becomes sensibly lifted by a strong blast sent up the tube; and being raised, (yet remaining flat,) prevents the force of the stream from being so much diminished by its not so closely rebounding as when struck against a concave surface; the half-crown, not receiving a check adequate to its weight by the oblique and upward motion of the air, when issuing out at the edge, must necessarily slide off with the course of the current, through its own gravity. By my first experiment I found, that, upon blowing at the card when placed in a pretty strong current of common atmospheric air, and the cards open on the opposite side to the stream, it was easily blown off, owing to the exter nal and internal air both taking the same direction. My next wish was to ascertain what direction the air really did take when issuing out at the sides; and holding a lighted candle, with the top of the flame level with the edge of the card, and at some little distance, I found that the top of the flame could not be moved; but when held a little higher than the edge of the card, it was forcibly struck; proving that the air did not fly off horizontally, but had an oblique and perpendicular direction. I next wished for a fluid which might be sent through so as to be seen; and tobacco smoke being easily procured, I had a stream sent up, which, when gently forced, came out at the edge, ascending perpendicularly. This experi. ment, by sending the smoke through with greater force, still amounts to the same; for although a part of it will fly off horizontally for a small space, yet does it readily ascend, still answering by the curling upward motions of the air, as a sufficient barrier against the edge of the card, to prevent it slipping off. Observing the card frequently to slip on one side, and hang over, I now wished to know what effect this would have upon the smoke, but found that not a particle of it could be seen to pass between the cards where the upper one hung over; still the card could not be blown off, owing to the upward curling motion of the air passing out at the opposite side, and not being able to throw off the atmospheric pressure acting upon the disc of the upper card; which, had it been of some metallic substance, like a half-crown, and placed in such a situation, would, by its own weight, slip off. I am at present of opinion that a union of three causes acts upon a light surface like a card, to prevent it from being blown off'; which are, atmospheric pressure, the rebounding of the air sent up the tube, and the manner in which that air makes its escape at the edge. March 20, 1828. TO THE EDITOR. J. S. last: Since we wrote the preceding paragraph, the follow- A bull, rather wild from driving, rashed into a g ing has appeared in the Liverpool Courier of Wednesday shop, upsetting all that opposed his ingress. A lad neighbourhood hearing the noise, ran out to ascertain That the sea has made great encroachments on the was the matter. On his return, his master, who wa west coast of Lancashire is apparent from many circum- domo of a conventicle, said, Well, what was it stances. At Formby, the inhabitants have evidently been reed shaken with the wind, I suppose." "0 driven more into the interior; partly, perhaps, by the replied the boy," it was no reed-it was a bullra approach of the sea, and partly by the deluge of loose sand by which their lands have been inundated. The A Drunkard's chance of getting to Heaven.-A cemetery, which you noticed in your last paper, is situated tric preacher in the Methodist Chapel, Gateshe in the midst of a sandy desert, considerably to the west-castle, in his address to his congregation, lately con ward of any inhabitants. It still bears the name of the inherit the kingdom of heaven, as there was for "Old Church," although that edifice was taken down about eighty years ago, and the materials used in the climb up an apple-tree and sing like a nightingale construction of the present church, erected in a more eligible situation. It cannot be imagined that the district surrounding the Old Church was not inhabited at the time it was originally built. In many of the intervals between the surrounding sand-hills, the operations of the plough may still be distinctly traced, and on every side there are evident signs of former cultivation." ANECDOTE OF MR. BROUGHAM. "that there was as much chance for a drunke SINGULAR PROPERTY OF FIGURES Some interesting articles, which have appeared a subject in the late numbers of the Kaleidos brought the following problem to our recollect a multiplicand be formed of the digits in their order, omitting the 8, a multiplier may be found which will give a product, each figure of which the same. Thus, if 12345679 be given, and it be to find a multiplier which shall give the product a that multiplier will be 18; if in 3, the mulup 27; if all in 4, it will be 36,-and so forth. 12345679 12345679 27 18 98765432 12345679 86419753 24691358 222222222 333333333 12345079 35 74074074 37037037 444444441 To Correspondents. SIR,-Encouraged by the remarks you have been kind enough to make in favour of the solution of the experiment which at present occupies so much of the public attention, I have attempted other experiments, all of which tend to confirm the theory I have brought forward, namely, that a current of air passing between two surfaces has its for the defendants in a Marine Insurance cause; Mr. At the recent Assizes at Lancaster, Mr. Brougham was principle of universal pressure diminished according as it Alderson was for the plaintiffs; and the fact of the seahas its velocity increased. I shall feel obliged by your worthiness, or otherwise, of the vessel, on account of the giving insertion to this letter in the Kaleidoscope, as it state of the crew, was the only point in dispute; for the points out experiments which were omitted in those which policy, the interest of the parties, and the sailing within have already appeared in that interesting miscellany, and vessel was a notorious event, but Mr. Brougham would the warranty, were all admitted. The actual loss of the tends to confirm more strongly the truth of the solution not admit it, expecting that the witness who would be re-which we do not attempt to explain) is this:-M The rule by which the multiplier is discovered I have advanced. I have tried the experiment with a quired to prove it would give some testimony, as to the the last figure (the 9) of the multiplicand by the f half-crown, but confess that I am unable to blow it up- crew which was favourable to the Insurance Company; which you wish the product to be composed, wards. It is more liable to slip off sideways, from the he, therefore, required that the plaintiffs should prove number will be the required multiplier. Thus, th smoothness of its surface, than a card. I have been into account for it. The latter words must have escaped multiplied by 9 gives 18, the multiplier; 3AFT, the loss and all the circumstances of the voyage tending is required to have the product composed of clined to believe that you are hoaxing us theorists, who Mr. Alderson's notice; as, early in the trial, he more multiplier to give the product in 3,-&c. are blowing our heads giddy with experiments; if not, I than once complained of the refusal to admit the loss, shall offer the following as a reason. The half-crown, by ascribing that refusal to the desire of Mr. Brougham to its superior weight, will sometimes lie so flat to the card cross-examine the seaman whom he should be compelled to call to prove it. When the witness was in the box, and quill top, that the wind will suffer a considerable comMr. Alderson was about to limit his inquiry to the actual pression under it, before it can be displaced; and the loss; but Mr. Brougham required information on all the sudden expansion of the air, after it has gained an outlet, circumstances of the voyage, the state of the crew being may throw the half-crown upwards with a sudden impulse his ground of defence. Mr. Alderson said this was unfair; which the deflected current has not power to restrain. and this repetition of complaint roused Mr. Brougham into a burst of passion such as we have rarely witnessed Though I consider the problem solved, by pointing out in real life. It was sudden, impetuous, and astounding, the effect of the parallel current, it may, nevertheless, be like one of Kean's furious efforts in Sir Giles Overreach. worth while to examine, by experiments properly applied, He rose from his seat, and seemed elevated above his what change the air undergoes when it is thus put in mousual stature; his right hand was extended upwards, as tion; whether it be rarefied or condensed by its velocity. upon the table with a force which would have split a board far as he could raise it, and he suddenly struck it down As there are a thousand roads to error, and but one to of ordinary materials. In a voice which filled every cortruth, I will not hazard a confident opinion till I can bear ner of the court, and rivetted the attention of the astoit out by experiments. However, I do not consider it pos-nished crowd, he exclaimed, "And all the circumstances sible for the air to become rarefied when blown outwards, though this takes place when drawn inwards, thereby tending to produce a partial vacuum. I should also suppose that the air, to become rarefied or attenuated while passing through the tube, must escape faster than it enters. On the whole, I should be more inclined to suppose that a partial condensation takes place, or, that the air will occupy rather less space in its rapid passage through the pipe, than it would do at rest; preventing, however, the admission of atmospheric air by its agitating impulse. This will appear more probable, if we consider that the expanding property is destroyed by the velocity of the stream. Invited to the inquiry of this subject so frankly, I have, perhaps, trespassed on your patience, for which I beg your excuse; and, meantime, take leave of the subject. GOOD FRIDAY.-The Liverpool Mercury will be and original papers will find a communication are him at the usual place. We take this opportunity ing the attention of our readers to the favours correspondent. of the voyage; these, my Lord, were my words at the of insinuation which has been played upon me by my outset, and I will no longer bear silently the running fire Learned Friend. I resent his repeated accusation of unfairness. I will not submit to it." Mr. Alderson assured his Lordship, that in his observations he did not, of course, intend to accuse his Learned Friend, but the parties by whom he was instructed, and by whom his case was got up. Mr. Jus tice Bayley said he was sorry to see so much warmth, for which, he thought, there was no occasion. "But I will defend myself, my Lord," exclaimed Mr. Brougham, in a loud and unsubdued tone. The matter here dropped, but it left a painful impression on the auditory, a mingled feeling THE TRAVELLER, No. 6.—The author of these of regret and astonishment; regret that such a man as Mr. Brougham should have been roused to so violent a degree of anger by a cause comparatively trifling; and astonishmine, by which that anger had been expressed. This at the display of powerful action, and powerful feeling had not subsided, when, at a later period of the day, Mr. Brougham took away all its painfulness by a happy turn. He was examining a witness as to words spoken, or something done, which led the Learned Gentleman to express a suspicion to the witness that the ANCIENT BURYING GROUND, NEAR FORMBY.-person spoken of had been in a passion. The witness said We last week stated, on the authority of the Courier, that a grave-yard may now be seen amongst the sand-hills of Formby, far removed from any habitation, and so situated, that it might, at any moment, be buried by the sands. On inquiry from a gentleman who lives in the neighbourhood, we learn that this ancient cemetery is I am, respectfully, your most obedient servant, 89, Oldhall-street, March 19, 1828. still used as a Catholic burying ground. A. M. he was not in such a passion as my friend Mr. Alderhe thought it was so. "But I sincerely hope" said Mr. B. son was, awhile ago, at somebody near me!" The Court burst into laughter; Mr. Alderson looked towards the Judge with an awakened look of surprise, reddening up, happy; and all the bar looked as if that ingenious mode and heartily joining in the laugh; Mr. Brougham seemed ballknowledyne en crior was more welcome and more effective than the most formal apology. THE ELDER POETS.-Our continuation of this series laid aside this week, in order to afford space for the s narrative of Christopher Hodgson. page. CALCULATION OF INTEREST. The original article on the Printed, published, and so11. every Tuesday, by ES and Co., Clarendon-buildings, Lord-street. 密 OR, Literary and Scientific Mirror. "UTILE DULCI." smiliar Miscellany, from which all religious and political matters are excluded, contains a variety of original and selected Articles; comprehending LITERATURE, CRITICISM, MEN and ASTERS, AMUSEMENT, elegant EXTRACTS, POETRY, ANECDOTES, BIOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGY, the DRAMA, ARTS and SCIENCES, WIT and SATIRE, FASHIONS, NATURAL HISTORY, &c. forming handsome ANNUAL VOLUME, with an INDEX and TITLE-PAGE. Persons in any part of the Kingdom may obtain this Work from London through their respective Booksellers. 3. 406.-Vol. VIII. The Bouquet. TUESDAY, APRIL 8, 1828. To continue, then, the list of My faults!' interøve here only made a nosegay of culled flowers, and have rupted his master. I only say of my complaints,' returned the valet: next to your being a gamester, what I most deprecate is, your military professsion, and the fame ught nothing of my own but the thread that ties them." EZ ARIAS, OR THE MOORS OF THE ALPUJARRAS. which you have acquired by your bravery.' Good hea A SPANISH HISTORICAL ROMANCE. By Don Telesforo de Trueba Cosìo. y which left, on partial perusal, a more eager to see the remainder; and we may venture to et that Don Gomez will become a decided rite with the British public. The following orous scene will convey to our readers a very lidea of the general merits of this clever work. PRICE 3 d. discord begins-swords are drawn-women scream-alguazils pounce upon us, and thus the sport goes on, till one of the galanes is dead or wounded, or till the alguazils are so strong as to render a prudent retreat advisable. Then, by some ill fortune, I am sure to be collared by the brother of the alguazils in question; and, without further ceremony, by way of remunerating merit and encouraging a servant for faithfully serving his master, I am entertained with sundry hearty cudgellings, liberally bestowed on my miserable hide. When they have not left a single sound bone in my skin, they kindly permit me to go, telling me, for consolation, to thank my stars, and that another time I shall not escape so easily. With this pleasing assurance, I creep home as well as I can, and then my humane and grateful master, by way of sympathizing with the misfortunes I suffer on his account, fiercely demandsRoque! where have you been loitering, Sir ?' Calls me a most negligent rascal, and other names equally gratifying; and, upon the recital of my tragical adventure, very coolly, and, as he thinks, very justly, observes- It serves you right-'tis all your fault-why did you not watch Roque,' said Gomez Arias, you have told me the same story over and over again, and I do not see the necessity of your repeating it now.' 'I beg your pardon, Don Lope Gomez Arias,' responded the valet, with most ludicrous solemnity; but I am firmly resolved to quit your service in good earnest; for I perceive you are bent on getting into new difficulties, and I feel no inclination to go in search of fresh adventures.' ་ vens!' cried Gomez Arias, why, thou art precisely complaining of the qualities that most become a gentleman.' But I am no gentleman,' pertinently observed Roque; and I cannot imagine why I should be exposed to the dangers attendant on heroes, without likewise reaping their rewards.' I glory in being a soldier!' exclaimed Don is work, of which we have only seen some por-Lope, a sudden burst of martial enthusiasm glowing on -, is written in English by a Spaniard, and is his manly countenance. Yes, I have laid low many of -creditable to his talents as an author, and as a the enemies of my country; and, before I die, I hope ar, as the style of his work is more unexception- often to try my good sword against those accursed and than that of many of our popular native authors. rebellious Moors of the Alpujarras.' All that is very Juan is the prototype of Don Gomez; and fine, certainly,' said Roque; but do you know, Senor, e reminds us most forcibly of the inimitable that I do not consider the country so much indebted to ha Panza, in the spirit and naïveté of his re- you, as, no doubt, you most complacently imagine.' s, although his morals will not bear any compaWhat!' cried the cavalier, with looks of displeasure. with those of Cervantes' squire. Pray be temperate, Don Lope; I do not mean to offend. have seldom seen detached You have, unquestionably, done great services to Spain, better ?' passages of any by ridding her of many an unbelieving Moor; but reflect, Sir, that your sword has not been less fatal to Christian blood. In battle, you hew down infidels to your heart's content; and, in the intervals of peace, to keep you in practice, I suppose, you take no less care to send the bravest of her Majesty's warriors to the grave. Now put this in the balance, and let us consider whether the country does not suffer more by your duels in peace, than "Thus far had Roque proceeded in his eloquent and What is to be the wonder now ?' asked Gomez Arias, she actually gains by your courage in war. But now moral remonstrance, when Gomez Arias turned round, observed his valet and confidant, Roque, approach- comes the most terrible of all your peccadilloes,-of all took up a cane that lay near him, and walking very de with an unusual expression of gravity upon his coun- my complaints, I mean.' And which is that, pray?' liberately to his valet, with the most perfect composure, such, indeed, as was seldom discernible in the The invincible propensity you have for intrigue, and the Now, Roque,' he said, 'you must allow that I have listened of the merry buffoon. What is it you want?' no less unfortunate attendant upon it,-inconstancy.' very attentively to your prosing. I have had quite enough h to leave your service, Senor.' 'Leave my service! Inconstancy!' exclaimed Gomez Arias. How should of your nonsense for this morning, so I beg you to close Roque, you are not tired of so indulgent a master?' it be otherwise? Inconstancy is the very soul of love.' your arguments, unless you really wish that I should hoSir, answered Roque, 'I am; and, what is more, I will not attempt to argue that point with so great an nour them with a most unanswerable reply.' Here, to ilbeen so these three years-may I speak out?' adept; my remonstrances are merely limited to the results, lustrate his meaning, he very expressively shook the cane, 1,' said Don Lope, you never till now asked leave and I can truly aver that my life in time of peace is, if and Roque as prudently retreated; for he knew his master impertinent-but let me hear your complaints.' In possible, more miserable than in war: for what with car- strictly adhered to his word on occasions of this nature. tplace, you are not rich-a grievous fault. How rying love-letters, bribing servants, attending serenades,With respect to your quitting my service,' continued help that?' demanded Gomez Arias. Senor, you watching the movements of venerable fathers, morose Don Lope, I have no sort of objection, provided that have helped it once; but that is passed. Then you duennas, and fierce-looking brothers, I cannot enjoy a mo- when you part with me, you are likewise disposed to part • Here's the devil preaching morality!' exclaimed ment's rest.' Why, 'tis true, said Don Lope, my life with your ears, for I have taken such a fancy to you, my ster, with a laugh. Oh, most conscientious Roque, is solely devoted to love and war.' I rather think it a dear Roque, that I cannot possibly allow you to quit me, are thine objections to this amusement ?' To the continual war,' retorted the valet. It may be much to without leaving me behind a token of remembrance. And ement in itself, none; I am only discontented with your taste, Sir; but I, who am neither of so amorous a now,' he added in a more serious tone, withdraw imme*nsequences. If you gain, you very composedly temperament, nor of so warlike a disposition, cannot enjoy diately, and mind your business.' Roque made a humble the whole fruits of your success: if, on the contrary, the amusement so well. Instead of passing the nights bow, and retired. Gomez Arias in this instance, as well lose, I get more than a reasonable share of your ill quietly in bed, as good Christians should do, we employ as in many others, took advantage of that uncontrollable ours, with which you most liberally indulge me. them in parading the silent streets, putting in requisition authority which strong minds generally assume over their Don Lope, I should like fair play, if play you will; all the established signals of love, and singing amorous inferiors. The valet had, indeed, resolved several times el a little more the effect of the first, and not quite so songs to the tender cadences of the love-inspiring guitar. to leave his master-for it happened that this same h of the second.' Thou art a pleasant sort of a fool, Even this I might endure with Christian resignation, were Roque had no particular relish for canings and other faRe,' said Gomez Arias, as he leisurely twirled round it not for the disagreeable results which generally termi- vours of the kind which were liberally administered to Curling jet-black mustachios, and with much compla- nate our laudable occupations. It often happens that, him, as a remuneration for his master's achievements.yeyed his fine figure in a mirror. Thank you, Sir,' whilst you are dying with love, and I with fear and ap- Moreover, he had the nicest sense of justice, and he could lied the valet, with a low bow; but be pleased to con- prehension, we meet with persons who, unfortunately, are not but feel the shocking impropriety of accepting a re, that the good opinion you entertain of my talents is, not such decided amateurs of music. Some surly, ill-ward that was unquestionably due to his superiors. InFortunately, no adequate compensation for the privations disposed brother, or unsuccessful lover of the beauty, is, deed, it is but fair to add, he never acquiesced in the ob1 numberless perils which I undergo in your service. invariably, sure to come and disturb our harmony; then ligation, until it was actually forced upon him. Roquo to eke out the volumes of Nicholson's Journal, and the chief merit will be found to be that it was made oppe tunely. It is certainly impossible not to admire the activity a versatile talents of the man who can make an orations praise of Greek at Glasgow, and in praise of trade Liverpool; who, in the House, can enter into all the dem of the Slave Colonies, and into all the defects of the s who can, at the same time, take an active part mi organization of a great public school, and devote hours a day to the duties of his profession. The style of Mr. Brougham's eloquence may be conjectured from his laborious life. The streand thoughts is fed by copious springs; his mind is s with general principles and illustrations; but he the fervour, the fulness, and the maturity of ser that belong to a concentrated attention. He is not and impetuous, nor close and cogent. Labour is al visible; his sentences are involved and tedious; fre parentheses, the effect of distraction, entangle himsel his hearers; his delivery is often forcible, but nevera or impassioned; and his voice, sweet enough a becomes unmusical when exerted. He has, ho rather improved of late; his language is more a and his manner less boisterous than formerly. The fault, however, of Mr. Brougham's eloquence is, t is encumbered with a pretension to oratory; it ist views his subjects too abstractedly, and speaks much of an ex cathedrâ air. Whatever qualifier the orator he may possess, he certainly has not pers He never thinks, like Mr. Peel, of wheedling his into an opinion that they are all really of on the contrary, he is better pleased with oppo he takes a perverse pleasure in ridiculing or convic was, moreover, blessed with a conscience that sort of prudential conscience which must be considered as a most valuable acquisition. He certainly was not so unreasonable But whatever may have been the defects of that spee as to expect a spirited nobleman to lead the life of a seit did not deserve the envious irony of Mr. Scarlet, questered monk, nor could he object to his master's in- The versatility of Mr. Brougham's talents may, perhaps, great as he is in a comparatively vulgar track, is ind trigues; but he, nevertheless, found it extremely objec- have retarded his political as well as professional success. of any similar effort. He will be forgotten as son tionable that these should not be kept within the bounds A man who thinks of many things, soon loses all en- quits the arena in which he figures; while Broug of common prudence. Now, could Gomez Arias have li-thusiasm, except that which is commingled with his self-name will take its place in history, mited his gallantries to the seduction of farmers' daughters, admiration; and the ties of party are too slender to bind or debauching tradesmen's wives, Roque would most im- the self-willed ambition of such a cold and egotistical plicitly have approved of the practice, inasmuch as, in this associate. A philosopher is a bad party man, and if he case, his master would only be asserting a sort of heredi- ever be at the head of a party, it must be a very small one. tary right attached to those of his class. But to be de-But he consulted his genius in diversifying his pursuits; ceiving two ladies of distinction, was really too much for not naturally a brilliant man, but a great thinker, his the delicate feelings of the conscientious menial. Again, powers would have been lost in a narrow field. If he had Roque could not urge any thing against the courage of his not humanized himself in some measure by general culmaster; he only objected to the effects of its superabun- tivation, his harsh and intractable spirit would have been dance; for this superabundance, together with Don Lope's quite intolerable. Rapid success never was his lot; he unusually amorous disposition, were constantly in oppo- was formed "to toil hard up hill." Albeit not of the sition with the nicety of Roque's conscience, by reason of finest clay, he is what his favourite author, Lord Bacon, the difficulties they gave rise to, in the fulfilment of the calls "a hot genius, who must grow old e'er he be fit for natural law of self-preservation. It is an averred fact, action." He is not, in fact, a sufficiently practical man, that Roque never wilfully put himself in the way of in- and time alone can correct his intemperate disregard of the fringing so rational a precept; and, most fortunately, men he deals with. It is obvious that no one so rough he was endowed with a quality highly favourable to the and austere as Mr. Brougham; one who prides himself so observance thereof a quality which other individuals, much on intellectual eminence, can have no sincere love not blessed with the same scruples, would denominate for the aristocracy, and although he may sometimes hang cowardice. This is not all: the valet was far from being on the arm of Earl Grey, he cannot pretend to venerate of a romantic turn of mind; he evinced no taste what- the Noble Earl's order. The right of "a cat to look at ever for moonlit scenery and nocturnal adventure; and he a king," which he once vindicated in the House of Lords, was vulgar enough to prefer the gross advantages of a must be often uppermost in his mind. The success of sound slumber to all the sentimental beauties of the sil- Mr. Brougham's talents, as is the case with other men's, vered moon and its appendages. These considerations was determined by circumstances. He was only a troubledwelt strongly on the mind of Roque, and he had, accord- some speaker in the House, and had only the advantage ingly, several times resolved to quit his master; but such of being more conspicuous when he had the good luck was the dominion which Gomez Arias held over him, that to be chosen the Queen's professional adviser. If it were 'the valet's resolutions fell to the ground whenever he at- not for this piece of good fortune, still might "blundering empted to put them in practice." Brougham spoil the sale" of the Edinburgh Review. He wanted an opportunity to display, while her Majesty wanted a counsel disposed to make a display, and whom As the savage supposes, that when he knocks an nothing could abash. This was an affair exactly to his brains he acquires all his intelligence, so Mr. Br taste, involving a variety of considerations, and sufficiently seems to imagine that the consequence of the elevated to give some dignity to all engaged in it. Mr. member, whom he tears to pieces, becomes his lawis Brougham has been, in general, very successful in watch- He thus lowers his senatorial dignity by ferenser ing the march of the public mind, and in taking hisness, his immediate object in every debate being to station in the line of its advance. Thus, by his speech himself formidable. A man thus constituted is ch on education, in 1820, he got the start of the ministry in better qualified to discuss questions than to deal with commencing the work of peace, and exhibited himself to fellow men. An amiable carriage, suavity of the public in the light of a benefactor to mankind. In and the personal attachments arising from them, are like manner, in the case of the missionary Smith, he aids to public men; they blunt the edge of op advocated the saints because the public sympathy was and open a way through adverse circumstances with them, although all the world knows that he is no talents can ensure success to the ambition of a man saint. Here we see a strong proof of the tendency which from moroseness or the cynical asperity of his disp active intellect has towards humanity; we see one who is surrounded, as it were, with an atmosphere of re evidently has not from nature much of the milk of human who appears to have no object but to raise his own kindness, in his efforts to signalize his talents, continually and trample on that of others. We have ofte deviating into philanthropy. He does not care to en- that Lord Byron, who, in his Don Juan, force economy, nor to meddle with any question, which, frequently a propensity to punning, and w however important, is without éclat; but universal in- English Bards, alludes to the true pronunciation af struction and universal freedom are open fields to an Brougham's name, had that gentleman in view she orator, although the discussion of them leads to no practical result. Biographical Notices. MR. BROUGHAM. (From the London Weekly Review.) wrote Mr. Brougham is one of the few who have attained equal eminence in the senate and at the bar; perhaps the only lawyer whose political display has not reflected discredit on his profession. He has shown that legal studies do not necessarily contract the understanding, and that a sound practical lawyer may be a man of extensive information and philosophic views. There are many, no doubt, who will say of him what Queen Elizabeth said of Bacon," he hath many excellent flowers of wit, but is no great lawyer;" this opinion, founded on principles familiar to narrow minds, was natural enough in an old woman and a queen. If a sterile and contracted mind be necessary to make a lawyer, then God forbid that we should ever claim the honour of being one. But mind is universal, and Brougham has mind; he has also what renders his acquirements indubitable-industry, perseverng industry. His thirst for distinction makes him dis"A legal Broom's a moral chimney-sweep" regard labour, and the variety of his pursuits renders his In like manner the recent publication of Bentham's The harshness and callousness of feeling engendere exertions less irksome. From his earliest career he ap- work on Evidence, of that of Humphrey on Conveyances, the courts by constantly witnessing all that is wick pears to have sought political distinction. At college he as well as Mr. Peel's Amendments of the Criminal Code, human nature, destroys all the winning graces of char was plodding and determined; sometimes satirical, and clearly show that the time was come when the public Mr. Brougham would be a powerful auxiliary to a pa always eccentric, from a contempt, perhaps, of those about might be brought to think of reforming the law. Mr. but he is one whose alliance will never be sought t him; afterwards he broke out with a bright promise, Brougham perceived this, and was determined not to be actually wanted. He must first seek to make h derived chiefly from his boldness. In the Edinburgh anticipated in the honour of pioneering the way. On the useful on little occasions, instead of thrusting Review his papers were known by their rough vigour; by first or second night of the session, he gave notice of his forward on great ones. At present the highest praise the unmusical labour of his periods, and his constant effort motion to that effect. His speech on the reform of the can be bestowed on Mr. Brougham is, that he is tr to dip his ploughshare below the surface and turn a deep Law was not, as he himself acknowledged, directed to any oratorical gladiator of the day, uniting more law, furrow. His pen and his tongue are ready for every sub-specific result; but it was a grand display, and, con- general knowledge, and more discipline superadded so ject by which fame is to be earned. His "Colonial sidered as coming from a practising barrister, shows clumsy strength, than any one else in the House. Net Policy" was written before he had reached his twenty- wonderful activity and independence of mind: if viewed theless, it is from without he meets the warmest applauses fourth year; and, as a natural philosopher, he has helped critically, however, and with reference to its subject, its he has few enthusiastic admirers about him. |