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of three, four, and two alternate rhymes. Our own

of rhyme is somewhat similar to that of Prior, who bes it as a dance in fetters. The Italian language, sical in its construction, is, of course, not liable to bjection; but the English poet who imitates the fluent cation of the Italian, seems, to us, to add fresh links fetters thrown about him by the ruggedness of the rials he has to deal withal. It is but justice, howto add, that Mr. Noble has acquitted himself without apparent constraint upon his motions; and that his written in this measure, betray none of that stiff boured construction, which is almost inseparable frequently-recurring rhymes. We regret that the requisite for a notice of the longer work, only leaves m for the following extract from the poem of which i re been speaking. It occurs where the spirit of her ed lover appears to the expiring Julia; invites her rn to the scenes of joy whence she departed to upon earth; and describes the indistinct rememof a prior state, which filled the breast of the lover ittmeeting with the object of his affections.

And whether thou wert with me or I slept,
Still, still the fond impression would remain,
That we had met before: and oft I wept
With indistinct regret of pleasures past,
Itrace of which was vanished; all, except
A strange imagining of joys, too vast
or mortal thought."

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next, and the longest poem in the volume, entitled Meditative Minstrel, or a Morning Walk in Spring," s to be a selection from that in the larger and more sive edition of the poet's works, called " Blackheath." poem throughout evinces a mind sensitively alive to auties of the creation, and thoroughly impressed with stice of that maxim which bids us look from napto nature's God." It contains passages, descripid didactic, which strongly remind us of Cowper and son, whom Mr. Noble appears to have made his ; and some of the sentiments, interspersed through d the following works, seem imbued with the deeper ore sombre spirit of Young. The exhilarating in

Beneath an ever-varying purple gleam,
Whose highest ridge the sober indigo
Deepening invests, permits the attentive eye
Undazzled for awhile a stedfast gaze.
With what effulgency,-what pomp of light
The roseate radiance streams along the sky!
Here, where the silvery mist, transparent, robes
The brighter azure,-lost in violet tints,
Tender and tremulous it dies away :-
There, with resplendent amber blended, flames
So full a lustre, that the daring sight

Sinks from its venturous glance, and seeks repose
Upon the humble verdure of the plain."

The invocation to the birds to enjoy the blessings of ex-
istence, unalloyed by sorrow for the past, or dread for the
future, betrays a different spirit.

"O, rejoice, while Man
Bemoans his frail existence-naked gift
Of niggard Nature-by disease assailed,
And with the torturing miseries of thought,
Regret, anxiety, and haggard fear,

For ever torn.-Her steadfast laws for you
Benign she framed, and bound your tender bliss
With sacred statutes:-she informed your hearts
With untaught knowledge-with the simple truths
Of innate instinct, and withheld the power
Of error and of evil-Reason's boast!"

We had marked several other passages for quotation,
but our limits compel us to omit the majority of them. The
scenes in the neighbourhood of Blackheath, the Thames,
sions naturally growing out of the subject, such as agri-
and a fleet of vessels on its bosom; and different digres-
culture, commerce, &c. are very ably managed. We are
not so much the readers as the companions of the poet
seeing the scenes which he describes, and sharing in his

The rest of the volume consists of some minor poems, written in different Italian styles of versification, and entitled "Remembrance;" the " Solitary Man," exhibiting considerable stretch of fancy, and describing the author's feelings and sentiments; the " Spirits of the Peak," occasioned by the Fancy Ball at Derby, January, 1826; "Freedom," written on the death of Lord Byron, and containing invocations to the people of Italy and Greece; "Music and Charity," an irregular ode, designed to be set to music; a few Sonnets; and a short but pathetic story called "Sebastian and Theresa."

We had almost omitted to mention what was frequently impressed on our attention while perusing these poems, viz.; the observance of Pope's maxim,

"'Tis not enough no harshness gives offence,
The sound should seem an echo to the sense."

Take, for instance, the following description of the labo-
rious progress of oxen drawing the plough:
"The tinkling bells

Of the slow team, that, tardy, labour up
The tedious road,-the tedious road itself;"

And the following from one of the minor poems :—
"Listen-listen-listen still:

'Tis the soft gurgling of a rill

Or streamlet trickling, drop by drop,
With silvery sound and measured stop,
Through the fissured cavern's moss-grown top;
Or is it the glow of the summer-tide,
With the gush of loud waters, that rapidly glide,
Then dash adown the mountain's side?
Oh, listen again, for 'tis now as the play,

Amid echoing rocks, of the breeze with the spray,
When the moon-beams break o'er a western bay."

Many other instances might be adduced, but these are
sufficient for our purpose.

On the whole, we can confidently recommend this little volume to the attention of our readers; and, if any of

feelings. The 4th Canto also contains two interesting them, through a feeling of friendship for the author, or in episodes; the subject of one is the ruin of a "Village consequence of our favourable estimate of the work, wish Hampden," in consequence of the chicanery of a purse- to procure copies, they may be had at our office, as proud and overbearing nabob, who wished to get possession we have just received a parcel for our own use, and that of of a poor man, of independent spirit, who, by cultivating of his paternal farm; and that of the other, the triumph our friends. what was before a barren waste, escapes the horrors of poverty and starvation, without the degradation of having recourse to the parish. There is also a love story, which, of the cheerful scenes of a spring morning, in making allowances for the improbability attaching to the the spirit wounded by adversity, is beautifully ex-lover's expeditious mode of money-getting-(he departing heed in the following passage:

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he new-born foliage dropt with glistening dew, hile yet a scanty vestment for the boughs, leasing in palest verdure, and the bloom, greatbing its gentle fragrance on the air

rom every silver leaf, may, with the charm f soft congenial influence, waken Hope,

the Hope, bright harbinger of Mental Spring!
das! a deep and dreary winter rests
In my sad days;-a settled, sombre cloud
xcludes all light, and petrifies my powers
With Poverty's relentless frost !-Yet Hope,
Ittracted by the sister Hopes, that spread,
Ver every infant blossom and each blade
that bursts above the glebe, their silky spells,
irises trembling from the cruel grasp

pale Despondency, and looks abroad:-
Swift at her touch the enlivening spirits mount,
Waving their opening pinions;-Fancy leads
The jocund troop, and scatters roses round,
While Hope (all sorrow silent near her) sings."

to seek his fortune a little before the father had commenced
operations, and returning successful, apparently before the
latter has gathered in his first crop) and making further
allowances for the endowment of all the actors, with sen-
timents of rather too elevated a nature for persons in their
class of life-adds considerably to the interest of the episode.
The object of his affections was deaf to the voice of love
whilst her parents remained in distress. The following
beautiful simile exemplifies her feelings :-
""Twas her pride

To soothe or bear their griefs, and but with them
To think of happiness. Thus, o'er its root-
Its wounded parent-root, the lily droops,
Nor heeds the smiling moru, nor breathing eve,
No, nor the dewy kisses of the air

That sighs beneath the shade;-but lowly bends Its tender form, sad, o'er its parent-root, With that recovers, or with that expires." The concluding speech of the proud and fond father, on a specimen of the descriptive powers of our author, making the lovers happy, is also very fine; but we have subjoin the following graphical illustration of the not room to transcribe it. By giving the concluding pas. ts of the rising sun; for glowing imagery and beauty sage of the poem, we may convey a hint to those who deiction, we do not think that it would lose by a compa- light to foster modest merit, and we, therefore, willingly ▲ with any similar passage with which we are ac- do so. inted :

The sun is risen-the wide concave vault
Expands with day.-Life feels the flood of light
Pour thro' its every fibre, and awakes.

The feathered music, from each thorny shrub,
Each budding bush or intermingled glade,
Darts upward full of song, and in the sky
Meets and salutes the vivifying beams.
The orient teems with glories;—every cloud,
And every vapour that obeys the heat,
And mantles trembling on the waves of air,
Displays rich sapphire folds, while fiery gold
Burns on its borders,—or, with rubied light,

"But whither leads the Muse my vagrant thoughts?
Why thus seduce me from diurnal toil?

Why thus, with voice more sweet than when the lute
Swells full of love throughout the Italian night,
Excite my soul to leave its world of woe,
And wing its flight up yonder hill with thee?-
Alas! not now:-a happier day may come
(So, Hope, deceitful still, yet still believed,
In syren music whispers)-yes,-a day,
When, free from pale anxiety, each thought
May dart to thee delighted, and partake
The living impulse kindled by thy touch
O'er all the varying works of Nature's power."

LIST OF NEW PATENTS.

To J. Weiss, of the Strand, for improvements on instruments for bleeding horses and other animals.-Dated the 26th of January, 1828.—6 months allowed to enrol specification.

improvements in block printing-26th of January.—4 To Augustus Applegath, of Crayford, Kent, for his

months.

To Donald Currie, of Regent-street, Esq. for a method of preserving grain and other vegetable and animal substances and liquids. Communicated from abroad.—31st of January.-6 months.

=cientific Notices.

ANATOMICAL DISSECTIONS.

An Appeal to the Public and to the Legislature, on the necessity of affording Dead Bodies to the Schools of Anatomy, by Legislative Enactment. By William Mackenzie.

(Continued from page 296.)

There is nothing in surgery of more importance than the proper treatment of hemorrhage. Of the confusion and terror occasioned by the sight of a human being from whom the blood is gushing torrents, and whose condition none of the spectators is able to relieve, no one can form an In all such cases there is one thing proper to be done, the adequate conception, but those who have witnessed them. prompt performance of which is generally as certainly successful, as the neglect of it is inevitably fatal. It is impossible to conceive of a more terrible situation than that of a medical man who knows not what to do on such an emergency. He is confused; he hesitates: while he is deciding what measures to adopt, the patient expires: he can never think of that man's death without horror, for he is conscious that, but for his ignorance, he might have averted his patient's fate. The ancient surgeons were constantly placed in this situation, and the dread inspired by it retarded the progress of surgery more than all other causes put together. Not only were they terrified from interfering with the most painful and destructive diseases, which experience has proved to be capable of safe and easy removal, but they were afraid to cut even the most

curacy of knowledge, what promptitude of decision, an necessary to treat such a disease with any chance success!

trivial tumour. When they ventured to remove a part, which lines the abdomen) which is pushed before them. It they attempted it only by means of the ligature, or by is computed that one-sixteenth of the human race are the application of burning irons. When they determined afflicted with this malady. It is sometimes merely an into amputate, they never thought of doing so, until the convenient complaint, attended with no evil consequences The moment that a case is ascertained to be strang limb had mortified, and the dead hrad separated from the whatever: but there is no form of this disease, which is lated hernia, an attempt must be made to liberat living parts; for they were absolutely afraid to cut into not liable to be suddenly changed, and, by slight causes, parts from the stricture, and to replace them in their the living flesh. They had no means of stopping hemor- from a perfectly innocent state into a condition which ral situation. This is first attempted by the hand, rhage, but by the application of astringents to the bleed- may prove fatal in a few hours. The disease itself occurs the operation is technically termed the taxis. The a ing vessels, remedies which were inert; or of burning in numerous situations; it may be confounded with vari- must be placed in a particular position; pressure m irons, or boiling turpentine, expedients which were not ous diseases; it may exist in the most diversified states; made in a particular direction; it is impossible to ascer only inert but cruel. Surgeons now know that the grand it may require, without the loss of a single moment, a either, without an accurate knowledge of the structure means of stopping hemorrhage is compression of the most important and delicate operation; and it may appear the parts. If pressure be made in a wrong direction, bleeding vessel. If pressure be made on the trunk of an to demand this operation, while the performance of it in a rough and unscientific manner, the organs prod artery, though blood be flowing from a thousand branches may really be not only useless, but highly pernicious. instead of being urged through the proper opening. given off from it, the bleeding will cease. Should the The danger of hernia depends on its passing into that bruised against the parts which oppose their return. M situation of the artery be such as to allow of effectual ex-state which is technically termed strangulation. When a cases are on record, in which gangrene and even up ternal pressure, nothing further is requisite: the pressure protruded intestine suffers such a degree of pressure, as of the intestine have been occasioned in this ma being applied, the bleeding is stopped at once: should to occasion a total obstruction to the passage of its con- When the parts cannot be returned by the hand, as the situation of the vessel place it beyond the reach of tents, it is said to be strangulated. The consequence of by those reinedies which experience has proved to be external pressure, it is necessary to cut down upon it, and pressure thus producing strangulation is, the excitement ficial, the operation must be performed without the to secure it by the application of a ligature. Pare may of inflammation: this inflammation must inevitably prove of a moment. To its proper performance two thing be pardoned for supposing that he was led to the discovery fatal unless the pressure be promptly removed. In most necessary. First, a minute anatomical knowledge of this invaluable remedy by inspiration of the Deity. cases this can be effected only by the operation. Two various and complicated parts which are implicates By means of it the most formidable operations may be things, then, are indispensible: first, the ability to ascer- and secondly, a steady, firm, and delicate command undertaken with the utmost confidence, because the tain that the symptoms are really produced by pressure, knife. In the first place, the integuments must be div wounded vessels can be secured the moment they are cut: that is, to distinguish the disease from the affections which the cellular substance which intervenes between the by the same means the most frightful hemorrhages may be resemble it; and secondly, when this is effected, to per- and the hernial sac must be removed, layer by layer, effectually stopped; and even when the bleeding is so form the operation with promptitude and success. The the knife and the dissecting forceps; the sac itself violent as to threaten immediate death, it may often be distinction of strangulated hernia from affections which be opened: this part of the operation must be perf averted by the simple expedient of placing the finger upon resemble it, often requires the most exact knowledge and with the most extreme caution: the sac being la op the wounded vessel, until there is time to tie it. But it is the most minute investigation. The intestine included in the protruded organs are now exposed to view. The obvious that none of these expedients can be employed, a hernial sac may be merely affected with cholic, and thus rator must next ascertain the exact point where the st and that these bleedings can neither be checked at the give rise to the appearance of strangulation. It may be ture exists; having discovered its seat, he must make moment, nor permanently stopped, without such a know-in a state of irritation, produced, for example, by unusual incision with a particular instrument-in a certain di ledge of the course of the trunks and branches of vessels, fatigue; and, from this cause, may be attacked with the tion-to a definite extent. On account of the nature as can be acquired only by the study of anatomy. symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation may be ex- the parts implicated in the operation, and the pros The success of amputation is closely connected with cited in the intestine, by the common causes of inflamma- of important vessels, life depend on an exac knowledge the knowledge of the means of stopping hemorrhage. tion, which the hernia may have no share in inducing, and a precise and delicate attention to, all these er Not to amputate, is often to abandon the patient to a cer- and of which it may not even participate. Were this case stances. How can this knowledge be obtained, t tain and miserable death. And all that the surgeon for- mistaken, and the operation performed, it would not only this dexterity be acquired, without a profound a merly did, was to watch the progress of that death: he be useless, but pernicious: while the attention of the ance with anatomy? and how can this be acquired had no power to stop, or even to retard it. The fate of practitioner would be diverted from the real nature of the frequent and laborious dissection? The eye must be Sir Philip Sidney is a melancholy illustration of this truth. malady, the prompt and vigorous application of the re- familiar with the appearance of the integuments; This noble-minded man, the light and glory of his age, medies which alone could save the patient would be neg-appearance of the cellular substance beneath it; was cut off in the bloom of manhood, and in the midst of lected, and he would probably perish. On the other hand, appearance of the hernial sac, and of the chang his usefulness, by the wound of a musket bullet in his a very small portion of intestine may become strangulated, it undergoes by disease; with the appearance of t left leg, a little above the knee, "when extraction of the and urgently require the operation. But there may be no viscera contained in it, and of their changes; ball, or amputation of the limb,” says his biographer, tumour; all the symptoms may be those, and, on a super-hand must pay that steady and prompt obediets would have saved his inestimable life: but the surgeons ficial examination, only those, of inflammation of the judgment, which nothing but knowledge and the and physicians were unwilling to practise the one, and bowels. Were the real nature of this case mistaken, death ousness of knowledge can command. Even this is knew not how to perform the other. He was variously would be inevitable. Nothing is more common than When the operation has been performed thus f tormented by a number of surgeons and physicians for fatal errors of this kind. It is only a few months ago, perfect skill and success, the most opposite measur three weeks." Amputation indeed was never attempted that a physician was called in haste to a person who was required according to the actual state of the orgats except where mortification had itself half performed the said to be dying of inflammation of the bowels. Before tained in the sac. If they are agglutinated togethe operation. The just apprehension of an hemorrhage, he reached the house the man was dead. He had been portions of them are in a state of mortification, to 20 which there was no adequate means of stopping, checked ill only three days. On looking at the abdomen, there them into the cavity of the abdomen in that c the hand of the boldest surgeon, and quailed the courage was a manifest hernia: the first glance was sufficient to would, in general, be certain death. Preternaturalad of the most daring patient-and if ever the operation was ascertain the fact. The practitioner in attendance had must be removed; mortified portions must be cal resorted to, it almost always proved fatal: the patient known nothing of the matter; he had never suspected but how can this possibly be done without an acqua c' generally expired, according to the expression of Celsus, the real nature of the disease, and had made no inquiry with healthy and diseased structure? and how can "in ipso opere." How could it be otherwise? The sur- which could have led to the detection of it. Here was a obtained without dissecting the organs in a state of geon cut through the flesh of his patient with a red-hot case which might probably have been saved, but for the and of disease? knife: this was his only means of stopping the hemor- criminal ignorance and inattention of the practitioner. It has been stated that the progress of strangulated thage by this expedient he sought to convert the whole Whenever there are symptoms of inflammation of the nia to a fatal termination is often frightfully pa surface of the stump into an eschar: but this operation, bowels, 4xamination of the abdomen is indispensible; certain cases to delay the operation, even for a ver painful in its execution, and terrible in its consequences, and the fe or the patient will depend on the care and period, is, therefore, to lose the only chance of 12 when it even appeared to succeed, succeeded only for a accuracy with which the investigation is made. But ignorant and half informed surgeons are few days; for the bleeding generally returned, and proved But it is possible that inflammation may attack the parts operate. They are conscious that the operation fatal as soon as the sloughs or dead parts became loose. included in the hernial sac, without arising from the her. immense importance: they know that in the bac Plunging the stump into boiling oil, into Loiling turpen- nia itself. The inflammation may be produced by the operator ignorant of anatomy, it is one of extreme tine, into boiling pitch (for all these means were used) was common causes of inflammation: there may be no pres- they therefore put off the time as long as possible: attended with no happier result, and, after unspeakable sure: there may be no strangulation: the swelling may have recourse to every expedient: they resort to h suffering, almost every patient perished. In the manner be the seat, not the cause, of the disease. In this case, thing but the only efficient remedy, and when, at last in which amputation is performed at present, not more too, the operation would be both useless and pernicious. are compelled by a secret sense of shame to try that, than one person in twenty loses his life in consequence of Now all these are diversities which it is of the highest im- too late. All the best practical surgeons express t the operation, even taking into the account all the cases in portance to discriminate. In some of them life depends selves in the strongest language on the importance et which it is practised in hospitals. In private practice, on the clearness, accuracy, and promptitude, with which forming the operation early, if it be performed at all. where many circumstances favour its success, it is com- the discrimination is made. Promptitude is of no less this point there is a perfect accordance between the puted that 95 persons out of 100 recover from it, when it consequence than accuracy. If the decision be not formed celebrated practitioners on the Continent, and the is performed at a proper time, and in a proper manner. and acted on at once, it will be of no avail. The rapidity surgeons of our own country: all represent, in It seems impossible to exhibit a more striking illustration of the progress of this disease is often frightful. We have parts of their writings, the dangerous and fatal effect of the great value of anatomical knowledge. mentioned a case in which it was fatal in three days; but delay. Mr. Hey, in his Practical Observations, sta But if there be any disease which, from the frequency it not unfrequently terminates fatally in less than twenty- that when he first began practice, he considered the of its occurrence, from the variety of its forms, from the four hours. Sir Astley Cooper mentions a case in which ration as the last resource, and only to be ea difficulty of discriminating between it and other maladies, the patient was dead in eight hours after the commence- when the danger appeared imminent. and from the danger attendant on almost all its varieties, ment of the disease. Larrey has recorded the case of a tory mode of practice," says he, "I lost three pat requires a combination of the most minute investigation, soldier in whom a hernia took place, which was strangu. in five, upon whom the operation was performed. Har with the most accurate anatomical knowledge, it is that lated immediately. He was brought to the "ambulance" more experience of the urgency of the disease, I of hernia. This disease consists of a protrusion of some instantly, and perished in two hours with gangrene of the it my custom, when called to a patient who had of the viscera of the abdomen, from the cavity in which part, and of the abdominal viscera. This was the second boured two or three days under the disease, to wait or they are naturally contained, into a preternatural bag, instance which had occurred to this surgeon of a rapidity about two hours, that I might try the effect of bleedi composed of the portion of the peritoneum (the membrane thus appalling. What clearness of judgment, what ac- (if that evacuation was not forbidden by some peculin

64

By this ca

mistance of the case) and the tobacco clyster. By this | use of their sick parents, or for the purpose of reading | read, and put books into their hands which you think will of practice I lost about two patients in nine, upon aloud to their infirm and bedridden relations, to whom I operated. This comparison is drawn from cases they have thus beguiled many a weary hour. y similar, leaving out of the account those cases in gangrene of the intestine had taken place. I have at the time of writing this, performed the operation five times; and have often had occasion to lament performed it too late, but never that I had performed soon." gese observations are sufficient to show the importance atomy in certain surgical diseases. The state of al opinion, from the earliest ages to the present time, hes a most instructive proof of its necessity to the fon and cure of disease in general. The doctrines father of physic were in the highest degree vague meaning. Every thing is resolved by Hippocrates general principle, which he terms nature; and to the ascribes intelligence, which he clothes with the tes of justice; and which he represents as possessing and powers which he says are her servants, and by of which she performs all her operations in the of animals, distributes the blood, spirits, and heat all the parts of the body, and imparts to them life sation. He states that the manner in which she by attracting what is good or agreeable to each and retaining, preparing, and changing it; or, on er hand, by rejecting whatever is superfluous or after she has separated it from the good. This is dation of the doctrine of depuration, concoction, resis in fevers, so much insisted on by him, and by physicians after him; but when he explains what he by nature, he resolves it into heat, which he says to have something immortal in it.

=ག།

(To be continued.)

The Philanthropist.

IVERPOOL FEMALE APPRENTICES'
LIBRARY.

The number of readers subscribing for themselves has
been augmented by the addition of twenty-eight new ones,
in the course of this year. Many have applied at the
library, with a wish to subscribe, who have declined doing
so, on finding that it contained no novels. Even these
applications have been satisfactory to the committee, inas-
much as they prove the demand that exists for books,
and the great desirableness (they may almost add, the
moral obligation, on the friends of religion and virtue) of
providing something of a better nature, to supersede the
trifling and pernicious trash of cheap circulating libraries,
which, unfortunately, abound so much in this town.
The committee have the gratification of making known
to the subscribers, that many of the readers, who began
merely with those books of amusement which the library
affords, have gradually proceeded to the perusal of moral
and religious works, in which they have steadily per-
severed.
At the close of the year 1827, the library was removed
from the room it formerly occupied, to a front room, on
the ground floor, in the premises of Mr. William Bird, 97,
Mount-pleasant. The bookshelves have been remodelled,
and made into a complete set of bookcases; and this
necessary, but expensive, alteration, has prevented the
committee from laying out any considerable sum in the
purchase of new books, during the past year. They are,
however, very anxious to make additions to their present
stock, this year; and, for this purpose, they would solicit
donations, either of money or books, as the amount of
annual subscriptions will not do much more than cover
the current expenses of the institution.

[Donations of money or books, to the amount of £2 2s.
or upwards, will make a lady an honorary subscriber for
life, and entitle her to a nomination ticket.]

withdrawn.

ADDRESS TO THE READERS.

improve them As you have the means, we hope you will do this. Perhaps you may not have much time; but a little and little often repeated will do a great deal in the end, and you will probably be surprised to find how much; but then it must be accompanied by perseverance: it will not do to attend to them one day, and neglect them another. You must make up your minds to a little self-denial and patience, if you really wish to benefit those whom you love. Above all, you must set them a good and upright example; it is as much by what you do, as by what you teach them, that they will learn. If they hear you tell a lie, it is in vain you will tell them to respect the truth. If you should grow idle or slatternly in your habits, you would read them lessons on the value of industry in vain. Oh, then, beware that you never, by your own conduct, destroy the good effects of the knowledge they would otherwise gain; that you never lead your younger brothers and sisters into what is wrong by your bad example. Let them not say, in excuse, my sister did so; but be it yours, by instruction, by advice, especially by example, to protect them from evil, to help them in difficulty, to pity them in error, and to do all in your power to assist your parents in the endeavour to train them in the fear of the Lord, and to bring them up for virtue and for heaven.-Having noticed your family duties, we shall now say a few words to you on those you owe to your employers. Your first duty, of course, is fidelity to your trust; for in whatever situation you are placed, you are trusted. If you are working within doors, you are trusted to be industrious in the use of your time, which you have given to the service of another. If you are sent out on errands, you are trusted to perform them without loitering, without going to any other place unknown to your mistress, without doing any thing in her absence which you would not do if she were present. If you see any dishonesty, or any impropriety going on without her The committee have to acknowledge hardly any pre-knowledge, however painful it may be to you to expose sents, in books, during the past year. They have had the a companion, it is your duty to inform her, unless you pleasure to receive five donations, in money; and sixteen would connive at wickedness. It is also your duty to do new subscriptions in the place of seven which have been this as relates to your fellow-apprentice; for it is no real kindness, no part of a friend, to allow any one to go on unchecked in what is sinful. We mention this in parIt is with great pleasure that we have witnessed the ticular, because we know that in your class of life there success of the efforts made for your improvement and hap- is a strong prejudice against doing so, which is mistakenly piness during the past year. You have not only taken called tale-bearing. So far from this being really disadvantage of the opportunities afforded you of acquiring honourable, it is, in fact, a proof of a conscientious and useful knowledge in the perusal of the books belonging to well-principled character, and of an honesty which rises the Library, but many of you have given evidence, by a superior to all selfish considerations. Tale-bearing is very change for the better in your appearance and manners, different from the disclosure of a fellow-creature's misand by a greater attention to personal neatness and order, conduct from conscientious motives. We are tale-bearers that the knowledge you have received has really influenced if we tell things with a malicious and spiteful design, your conduct. This is a great satisfaction to us, and we from jealousy, envy, or, as is sometimes the case, for the mere love of talking and gossipping about the it; we hope that you have acquired clearer views of your faults of others; this is tale bearing: but, if we disduty to your kind and benevolent Maker; of your solemn close another's misconduct, actuated by no evil thoughts, obligations to lead a virtuous and useful life, if you wish but with the desire of performing our duty to our Mato secure his favour, and to be happy in that state to which ker, of acting with integrity towards our employers, he will soon call you; and also to your fellow-creatures, and for the real benefit of the person who is in fault; and of those claims which all who are connected with you then we only deserve the title of good and faithful serhave on your kindness, and your exertions. We hope vants. Let us advise you, then, to perfect openness, Committee of the Female Apprentices Library, in that each of you, in the midst of your own family circle, in all that you do, to a scrupulous integrity in all your their fifth report, embrace, with pleasure, the by the study of good books, will gain a deeper sense of dealings; so will your mistresses feel confidence in unity it affords them of expressing their conviction what you owe to your relatives; that, as daughters, you you, and trust their interest to your care with comcontinued and increasing usefulness of the institu- will become more respectful and attentive; that you will fort; and so will you be able to prove to them, that the They would, at the same time, strongly urge on take pleasure in relieving the toils, and comforting your time you bestow on the improvement of your minds has ention of its friends and subscribers, the necessity parents under their trials; that you will obey them with a favourable influence on your moral conduct, for without tinued and increasing exertions on their parts, in more willingness in health, and nurse them with more this influence, for what purpose have you learnt to read, to enable the library to keep pace with the demands tenderness and care in sickness; and that if age, or poor to what end will this library have been instituted ? upon it. A week seldom elapses without the ad-verty, or sorrow, should cause their tempers to fail, and Here let us earnestly recommend to you, if you wish for of new names to the list of readers; and, during make them treat you with ill humour, that you will pa- the full benefit to be derived from it, not to neglect the urse of the past year, the increase in the number of tiently, and with kind consideration, bear it, and do all religious books. We think it right, when you are fatigued who subscribe for themselves, has been very con- in your power to soften to them this additional suffering. with labour, that you should have amusement occasionble. The nominees are, however, the most regular If you acquire these right views of duty, we shall not ally; and for this purpose, we have procured some entersteady to the institution, many of them having need to tell you, that you ought to work and provide taining books: but, if you choose only these, if the used themselves of its advantages from the very first of for them when they are helpless, and to watch over them ful, benevolent, and excellent volumes, which are more tablishment. There are now on the books seventy- when they are aged. These are sacred claims upon particularly fitted to excite you to the acquisition of virtue, nominees. you, and, by having your hearts cultivated, and your and the performance of your duty, are rejected, or caremany of the honorary subscribers have never yet used minds enlightened by religious reading, you will learn lessly read, as uninteresting, you will defeat the great obtickets of nomination, the committee beg again to how important, how precious such opportunities of use-ject which so much pains have been taken to effect. We their attention to the opportunity thus afforded them, fulness and goodness are-how dear, and how valued, do not desire you to give up the books of entertainment: stowing a kindness on a poor family, without expense under almost any circumstances, ought to be such rela- travels, biography, and pleasing tales, will form an agree rouble to themselves. It is extremely desirable that tions-you will determine to do your part towards them; able recreation, at times, for your leisure hours; but we the nomination tickets should be made use of; and that, as they watched over the helplessness of your child- would anxiously advise you to mix, in change with them, are, in general, very thankfully accepted. Parents hood, you will endeavour to shed peace and comfort on those devotional admonitions, those religious principles, glad of the power to procure books for their children their declining years, and you will teach them to re- those higher and nobler exercises of your thoughts and feelhave left school, and have still the time and the joice in that knowledge which makes you more anxious ings, which teach you your responsibility to God, and will re for improvement, and to whom such in-door for their happiness, and more tender to their infirmities. create within you, the desire of a happiness, holier and asement is most advantageous. In cases of sickness, If you have brothers and sisters, you will also be desirous dearer than any this world is able to bestow. By so doing, a, the opportunity of obtaining books is invaluable to a to do them good, by giving them good principles, and you will be laying a foundation of respectability in later or family; and several instances have come before the endeavouring to bring them up in useful habits; and to life, for consolation under all the trials and difficulties it mmittee, of the young people taking out books for the effect this important purpose, you will teach them to may be your lot to encounter; you will gain strength to

we intend shortly to present our readers with gratuitous supplementary half-sheet, we trust ey will not object to our transferring, from cury, the following interesting article. Librathis description are becoming very general, is with the hope of still further promoting stitution, that we take up the subject in the bscope.

T OF THE COMMITTEE OF THE LIVERPOOL trust still more good has been done, though we do not see

FEMALE APPRENTICES' LIBRARY,

FOR THE YEAR 1827,

at the Fifth Annual Meeting, held on the 5th of March. MRS. GRUNDY, IN THE CHAIR.

resist the temptations around you; and you will lay up a blem. We annex two short communications on the sub-
store of peaceful recollections, and delightful hopes, for ject, which will, no doubt, be succeeded by others.
the period of old age: you will do even more, by right reference to the explanation of Demonstrandum, the ex-
In
views of religion, by a knowledge of the wisdom and
goodness of Providence, and by a trust in the blessing of periment of the cold air projected from the bellows, to
God on your endeavours to do what is right, you will have which we have adverted, will, we apprehend, oblige our
disarmed death of its terrors; and, whether you are correspondent to seek for some other theory. It may be
called away in the bloom of youth, from all your plans owing to our own inaptitude, perhaps, but we confess we
and enjoyments, or are suddenly cut off in the prime do not understand his experiment, in which he directs us
of your days, you will be willing, and, we think we may
add, ready to depart; for you will have laid up for to hold one card horizontally, and the other vertically.
yourselves treasures in a better and a happier world: Perhaps he will enter into a further explanation.
and where your treasure is, there will your affections and

your thoughts be also. This is the great purpose for which the ladies are anxious you should receive the best instructions, and the most valuable books they can procure for you; this is the important end of all their endeavours for your good, to form you to virtue, and usefulness here, -to give you a knowledge of your duties, and a desire for those dispositions which must secure happiness hereafter. We wish to amuse you, it is true,-to give you agreeable recreation after your work; but this is only a secondary object. We wish to teach you first all you owe to your selves, all the blessings that are within your reach,-and that you have in your power to obtain. We wish you to know, that even to those whose lives are lives of labour, or, possibly, of poverty, all the best advantages which make life happy are equally open. It is not fine houses, or rich clothing, or abundance of money, that make our comforts. No: if we are ill tempered, or ungrateful, or unfeeling to others, we are miserable in the midst of all these things. It is kindness, and virtue, and gentle dispositions, and good principles, that make us happy: it is the love of God and our fellow-creatures, and these are all equally within your reach.-they are all mercifully held out for your acceptance. If you are insensible to such blessings; if you ignorantly or wickedly turn away from them to the pleasures of vanity and folly; if, instead of supporting your poor relations, or laying up a needful fund for yourselves, you waste your earnings in dressing beyond your stations, or trying to make an appear. ance above them, you will lay up for yourselves disappointment and remorse; you will be vexed to find your selves ridiculed when you expected to be admired; and you will be disappointed to learn, by bitter experience, there is no real pleasure in these things. Be then, early, wise, before you require the chastening of affliction; seek the true sources of peace and enjoyment; be orderly, and well informed, and you will be respected; be religious, and you will be beloved. The improvement we have already witnessed, let us have the pleasure another year of finding firmly established; and remember, that we are never indifferent to your welfare-that you have friends who are anxious to be of service to you, at all timesthat, in any cases of difficulty, we are willing to advise you, and, if it becomes necessary, desirous to protect you in danger, relieve you in distress, and comfort you in sorrow. Before we conclude, we wish to mention to you, that it is one of your duties to attend to your health: health preserves the spirits, and gives vigour to the mind: take as much air and exercise as you are able to get, and do not sit up to read, or work, when you ought to be taking that rest on which, perhaps, your life depends.

We now take our leave of you for the present, earnestly entreating you to reflect on what has been said, and sincerely wishing you that happiness which is best secured by a life of piety and virtue.

SINGULAR EXPERIMENT.

In the last number of the Philosophical Magazine, in the report of the proceedings, notice is taken of this phe. nomenon; and, as the experiment suggested, although the same in principle as that with the two cards, differs in mode, we shall here copy the passage.

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no better place, for those articles, in Great Britain.
I question whether the term be understood so far 20
he never meet with any thing bad, to his sensitive p
in the first towns in England? As to "braxy" m
but to give it his own interpretation, how many c
of whole carcasses of sheep, killed by dise
skinned and glossed over by the butcher, read
consumer, are yearly seized going into London
accommodation at the inns there, (as in other pla
markets in England, and justly condemned? A
depends on what kind he preferred, for there is cre
William ready for the reception (in the summer
least) of the first families in England and Scotland,
there are, besides those common necessaries beha
tioned, with ham, eggs, and salmon, served up to bre
a profusion of niceties, such as honey, marmalade, de
Why does such a delineator of nature in its robes.
most picturesque and sublime, while he hints on
his eye could not evade the walls of a castle, c
on which it stands? If you deem these remata
some faint colouring to a more full and just re
insertion, I hope they will be of some service
tion.
Yours, &c.

CALED

"Make a smooth round hole, about one-eighth of an inch in diameter, through the middle of a large sound bung. Cut one of the flat surfaces of the bung smooth, and stick three pins upright into the surface, equidistant from each other, and about three quarters of an inch each from the central hole; then drop between them a disc of paper, or card, about an inch and a half in diameter, so as to lie loosely between the pins over the hole. No THE LAND OF CAKES.-In our last we expressed our t effort to blow this off will succeed."

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To Correspondents.

at the account which our correspondent Expo hal
of the fare he met with in Scotland, as we oursend
far otherwise regaled in the Land of Cakes, when
journed there, some twenty years ago. Caledonis bui
week, stepped forth to vindicate the aspersed culinary
of her namesake, as will be seen by a letter on the
in a preceding column. When we read Eupolis's
were strongly reminded of an anecdote we once rad
Quin, who was a noted cynic and epicure. It w
misfortune of this wit to put up at an inn worse, if på
than those which Eupolis says he encountered in
meat, drink, and lodging were alike execrable.
tling the reckoning, the landlord brought the b
piece of paper, written with pale ink, that w
legible. Quin paid the bill, and, on taking ba
landlord, he said, in his usual dry sarcastic #aj,
Sir, your inn is beyond compare the most is hi
ever saw in the course of my life. Your mate
fly-blown,-your drink weak and stale,-
damp and filthy,-your ink is white, and yo
in short, Sir, there is not a thing sweet in your a
cept the vinegar."

SIR, I do not expect to "come in" for the £100, stated in your paper of this day,-to be the reward of the discoverer of the cause of two circular cards adhering together when one is blown at through a tube passing through the centre of the other; but I will, notwithstanding, venture my opinion on the subject; which is, that a partial vacuum is effected between the two cards, by blowing out the atmospheric air, and substituting a lighter, thereby causing a mutual pressure on the external side of each card. To corroborate: place one card on your hand, or otherwise horizontally; place the other vertically, and nearly in contact-then blow, and the under card will spring and adhere to the upper. If the perforated card and its tube are only slightly adherent, it will be forced off BROUGHAM'S SPEECH ON THE LAW. We agree with £ the tube-a proof of the mutual pressure of each card, caused by rarefaction.-I am, Sir, yours respectfully, Liverpool, February 29, 1828.

DEMONSTRANDUM.

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR,-As you intend to give your opinion shortly as to the cause why the concave card cannot be blown from that on which it is placed, as described in your paper of last Friday, and Kaleidoscope of Tuesday; and as it may aid you, in some degree, in forming your opinion, I beg to state the following additional property of the concave card, which I discovered on trying the experiment named by you. Instead of the concave card being placed on the top of the flat card, through which passes the tube, and blowing upwards, reverse them, that is, hold the concave card in the hand, the hollow part uppermost, then putting the tube of the other card into the mouth, bring it (the flat card) in contact with the concave card, and blow down. wards. If you now remove the hand from the concave The singular experiment with the two cards, which we card, you will find it as impossible to blow it down, as in last week noticed as proceeding from a provincial paper, the other experiment it was to blow it up. Immediately was first described by Mr. Cleinent, and has been the sub-on discontinuing to blow, the card will fall down. ject of investigation at the Royal Institution. The explanations given there by Mr. Faraday and others are any thing but satisfactory, and we invite our philosophical correspondents to "cudgel their brains," to hit upon the true solution. In order to prevent any stress being laid upon the warm, and, consequently, rarefied air proceeding from the breath, we may as well state that the experiment answers equally well when a pair of bellows is used.—We ought to add, that if, instead of card, the upper piece be SIR,-Eupolis, who gave such a partial sketch of a writing paper, or even tissue paper, the experimentsuc-Voyage from Inverness to Glasgow," with an illnatured ceeds as well as if it were of heavier material. description, not of the inns only, but of those very provisions which are found there in the greatest abundance and excellence,-if the bread was "mouldy," the butter "rancid," the cream or milk "sour," why did he not

As we are of opinion that there will be much speculation respecting the true cause of this phenomenon, before it is

satisfactorily explained, we here repeat the invitation to our readers to favour us with their opinions on the pro

March 5, 1828.

Yours, &c.

Correspondence.

[SEE A NOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS.]

THE LAND OF CAKES.

TO THE EDITOR.

W. X. Y.

in his opinion of the merits of this speech; but nevertheless, reasons for declining to give it a past Kaleidoscope. The speech, we grant, is unetk politics; and our objection does not, therefore, a any apprehension that its insertion in our werk ve deemed any departure from our pledge. The speech occupied six hours and a half in the delivery, is, neve most scantily given in the public journals; as a could contain a full report of a speech of half the We should not choose to copy from any of the Lead nals; and have, therefore, no alternative between imperfect outline of a great original, or copying t report in the pamphlet which has been publishe which, of course, is protected by the laws of copyri SPECIMENS OF THE ELDER POETS.-We have received of this series. Our correspondent, to whom we for transcribing the selection, would perceive t last, we omitted one of the pieces of Willia and he will be at no loss to conjecture the reason tion. The works of these old masters exhibit much force, and originality; but they contain some cha the wheat; and are sometimes objectionable to th think with the poet, that "want of decency is

sense."

MUSIC.-After the piece of music called "The New Ye Mr. Cohan, was in the hand of the compositor, covered that the score contains peculiar marks, whe not be imitated in the music types. We have quently, been obliged to abandon our design of publ the piece. The chaunt of S. S. is preparing for our Criticus is informed that we are not in the habit of re or even of seeing, the publication on which he has a verted; and we must, therefore, decline his com Lares is informed that a proof will be ready for him 63 day morning. The arrangements for the next K were made up before the reception of his commun which must, therefore, be introduced in the sce number. He will hear again from us in a short time send them back ? for he ought to have known, from what Printed, published, and sold, every Tuesday, by E. S he saw, or from what he might have read, that there was and Co., Clarendon-buildings, Lord-street.

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OR,

Literary and Scientific Murror.

"UTILE DULCI."

miliar Miscellany, from which all religious and political matters are excluded, contains a variety of original and selected Articles; comprehending LITERATURE, CRITICISM, MEN and NEAS, AMUSEMENT, elegant EXTRACTS, POETRY, ANECDOTES, BIOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGY, the DRAMA, ARTS and SCIENCES, WIT and SATIRE, FASHIONS, NATURAL HISTORY, &c. forming some ANNUAL VOLUME, with an INDEX and TITLE-Page. Persons in any part of the Kingdom may obtain this Work from London through their respective Booksellers.

403.-Vol. VIII.

The Traveller.

[ORIGINAL.]

BOMBAY.

EAR FRIEND, I need scarcely tell you that le of the principal settlements of the British East mpany-one of the great branches of that colossal hich has taken root in this country, absorbing in hall the nourishment of the soil, and leaving its stitutions to decay and perish.

disappointed much in the mean appearance Bom

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you can scarcely form a wish which assiduous art has not, the Hindoo. In person they are generally tall, with fine in some shape, anticipated.

"You find fault with the sun because he emits more light and heat than it suits your convenience to bear. Lo! your slaves place mats against your Venetian shutters, and pour water over them, which affords you shade and a refreshing coolness. Then the punkah-the palanquin-the bath-the mosqueto fan-the hookah-are so many more indications of the humility of your slaves, and of your own supreme consequence."

commanding features; the nose is, almost invariably, aquiline; and the eye particularly keen and piercing.Setting aside complexion, I have met amongst the Parsees some of the handsomest men I ever saw. They inspired me, I confess, with a wish to seek acquaintances of the other sex in their tribe-but they were too selfish to gratify me. Many of them are immensely rich, and not a few form the most substantial part of the "and Co." in our British commercial houses. I could name one in parti

cular, who, at the time I was at Bombay, was a partner in a very eminent house there. He had risen from compa

So said Major S., an old East Indian of twenty years' standing, as we walked up the garden,-to whose existence ents from the harbour,-a striking contrast to the these luxuries had become so necessary, that he would rative obscurity to the command of almost incalculable indications of opulence and luxury which arrest have called any man besotted who gave a preference to wealth. He conversed in our language fluently, and cor

England-a place where they walk on foot through dirty
streets; carry their own umbrella; eat nothing but beef,
potatoes, and pudding; and know nothing of the sublime
effluvia of curry. Barbarous country!

responded in it with equal ease. I was informed that the French and Portuguese were not less familiar to him.Merchants carrying their goods to him for sale, were astonished to find that he knew as much, and sometimes more, of the quality than they did themselves; and he has been known to detect imperfection and damage which almost led one to think he was present during the whole process of manufacture.

tion of a traveller on his approach to Calcutta. of the noble edifices which render the latter one of teities in the world, Bombay looks, at a distance, erless and forbidding as a cluster of barns. You rather better opinion when you land; but, at best, possesses little to enliven the feelings of an exile. We were gratified with the sight of a plant, a native of manding situation as a military post has not been the deserts of Arabia, (if it had been a merchantable comand you are reminded of it at every turn by modity I should have remembered its name-but I am a nents and fortifications,-the morning and even- sorry botanist, as you know,) where it grows under "the In himself he was a sight. I never knew so brilliant a the quick tattoo,-and the stately step of the finger of God," apparently to save the wandering Arab mind lodged in so gross a body. He was the very Daniel The island contains about 200,000 inhabitants, from perishing by thirst. In a dry and arid soil we look Lambert of Bombay: his corpulency, indeed, concealed perhaps 4000 are Europeans, chiefly English. in vain for vegetation to flourish, without care and culti- all the natural proportions of his person, with the exception t itself there is nothing particularly attractive to vation; but this plant not only sustains itself in the most of his hands-the extreme beauty of which he seemed who has seen any other part of India; but a sterile part of the known world, against the withering conscious of, from the number of costly jewels with which will find enough to claim his attention in the cus-blast of the sirocco, but collects and preserves, in its roots they were adorned. The singularity of his appearance the country, and the peculiar habits which the and fibres, a superfluity of moisture to refresh and succour was, however, soon forgotten in your contemplation of his f the climate imposes upon Europeans. He has the weary and parched traveller, who looks in vain for animated countenance. In youth, I should conceive it ustomed to a busy crowd, mingling in the various spring or habitation. He shakes the plant, and the chrystal bore a strong resemblance to a portrait I have seen of the of business, or of pleasure; but here no man ven- stream, more precious than diamonds, gushes from its present Pacha of Egypt-full of fire and ardour, blended foad without being induced by strong motives of root. He kneels to Alla-fills his vessel, and proceeds on with an expression of stern resolution, if not cruelty. The or curiosity. All instinctively seek shelter from his journey. A pine-apple will give a miniature resem-formation of the eye, and the outline of the forehead were hing and oppressive heat of the sun. The sight blance of its form; its height is about ten or twelve feet. just of that kind which gave you plainly to understand uropean female face out of doors, is to be noted At the top of a hill, a short distance from my friend's that when he looked upon you, he was thinking of what an event, unless it happen in the cool of the house, is one of the Parsee cemeteries, an extensive piece he looked upon; and he either compelled you to talk to or at church; and there, indeed, the presidency of ground, encompassed with a high wall, in which they the purpose, or to look very ridiculous. I believe he is lits hidden treasures, and delights the eye of the deposit the bodies of their dead. They are not buried, now dead. r with a resemblance-a shadow of his native but left exposed, to be devoured by birds of prey, which hover in thousands over them, keeping up an incessant hark the prevalence of custom: the etiquette of clamour by no means congenial to the feelings of an * is carried even to church-the ladies are gene- Englishman. But, at variance as this custom is with our sed in pews together-the military officers-the own ideas of propriety, we must not infer from it that the ats-civil servants of the Company-and captains Parsees have a less sacred regard than ourselves for the remen, all seek birds of their own feather. There is mains of those held dear to them in life. I have heard ing formal, if not invidious, in such a custom; but that they collect the bones of their friends and relations, I do not know what means of do not think it a very unwise one, especially with and bury them in an urn. to the women, for I have known the surveillance recognition they can have in mere bones, but I do know ama make many young ladies pray a great deal that they consider it sacrilege in a European to look over than they otherwise would do. the wall of the cemetery. Its height is sufficient to pre!country seats of the merchants and civilians are ele- vent such violation of the sanctuary occurring very often, aansions, in which fastidious luxury has scarcely room but I heard of one instance: it was a young British officer, tify its caprice by the discovery of a want. We dined whose curiosity prompted him to ascend it;-he was disour friend Mr. S. I can convey to you by words covered, and paid dearly for his temerity. If he had not a faint and feeble idea of this charming place-a been immediately sent out of the presidency, the Parsees lise in miniature, situated about three miles from the would have revenged the indignity at the sword's point. In the house itself, in the gardens, the piazzas, and The Parsees are, in every respect, a superior race of men. name I do not wish to mention. The last gentleman inroves, your admiration is excited by a combination The Hindoos will bear no comparison with them. They vited me to his house, overwhelmed me with professions very thing which the climate yields of beautiful or are, perhaps, the best men of business in the world-quick, of esteem, and quite turned my head with his offers of ous; and your instinctive dread of the climate itself acute, and intelligent, with great suavity of manner, but service. When the business which had called me to town away under the enchantment that surrounds you, for nothing of the cringing servility, and ready compliance of was finished, I wrote to my father of the new prospects

Miscellanics.

[FROM THE LONDON WEEKLY REVIEW.]

L.

NARRATIVE OF JOHN WILLIAMS,
ONE OF THE PERSONS WHO WERE BURIED ALIVE IN THE
RUINS OF THE BRUNSWICK THEATRE.

Taken down from his Conversation in the Hospital.

In the beginning of last autumn I was sent to London, on some matters of business, by my father, Mr. Williams, the building-surveyor of Chester, who is also known to the Remarks" on some of the archiliterary world by his " tectural antiquities of that city. I carried letters of introduction to Mr. Nash, to Mr. Rickman of the House of Commons, and to another Member of Parliament, whose

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