CHAPTER XIX.

American campaign-Expedition of the British up the Hudson-

Of the Americans to Long Island-Operations of general Howe

against Washington in the Jerseys-Seizure of general Prescot

on Rhode Island-Expedition of the British army against Phila-

delphia-Battle of the Brandywine-March of the British to-

wards Philadelphia-Surprise of general Wayne-Lord Corn-

wallis takes possession of Philadelphia-Two American frigates

burnt in the Delaware-Action at German Town-Opening of

the Delaware-Washington takes up a position at White Marsh

-Removes to Valley Forge for winter quarters-Suffering of

the army-Representations of Washington to congress-Plan of

general Burgoyne's expedition from Canada-His advance and

proclamation-Ticonderoga fort falls into the hands of the Eng-

lish-Difficulties in the way of general Burgoyne-Failure of the

British against Fort Stanwix and at Benington-Americans

retire to Saratoga-Reinforced by Arnold-General Gates takes

the command-The British advance-Attacked by general Ar-

nold-Repulse the enemy, but lose 600 men-Ill effects of this

action-Burgoyne fortifies his position-Sir H. Clinton's expe-

dition up the Hudson-Putnam retires-Capture of forts Clinton

and Montgomery-American vessels, and Kingston burnt-Sir

H. Clinton returns to New York-Arnold attacks his antagonists,

but suffers loss-Burgoyne is surrounded on all sides-Capitu-

lates to general Gates-Terms of convention, &c.-Conduct of

the American congress regarding the troops-American pri-

vateers-Meeting of parliament-King's speech-Address, and

debates on it in both houses-Duke of Richmond's motion for a

committee to inquire into the state of the nation, and for the

production of papers-Mr. Fox makes a similar one in the lower

house-Army and navy estimates-Intelligence of Burgoyne's

defeat-Lord Chatham's motions for addresses to his majesty-

Debates thereon-Royal assent given to several bills-Motion

for an adjournment carried-State of public feeling-Regiments

raised by different towns, &c.-Subscription for American pri-

soners- -Princess Sophia born-Duty on auctions and inhabited

houses

page 301

CHAPTER XX.

Effect of general Burgoyne's surrender on the court of France-

Count de Vergennes, and Marie Antoinette--First French

envoy sent to North America-American affairs in Paris-

Hints of conciliatory measures by lord North-Mr. Fox's speech

in committee on the state of the nation-His motion rejected

-Also that of the duke of Richmond-Mr. Burke's speech

against the employment of Indians-Story of Miss Macrea-

Governor Pownal's speech and humane proposal-Attempt of

Mr. Fox to stop the sending of troops to America-Examination

of evidence in the upper house-Lord North introduces his con-

ciliatory bills-Debates on them-Intimation of the French

treaty with America-Attempt to engage lord Chatham in the

administration-Notification of the French treaty to parliament

-Motion of an address thereon-Debates-Investigation of the

state of the navy-Lord Sandwich severely attacked-Motion

for excluding contractors from seats in parliament-Committee

for the revision of the Irish trade laws-Opposition of the

British merchants and manufacturers-Bill for the relief of

Roman Catholics-Motion of censure on lord George Germaine

—Duke of Richmond's motion in the house of lords, and last

reply of lord Chatham-His death, &c.-Supplies, &c. for 1778

-Parliament rises-King's speech-Admiral Rodney-Military

affairs in America-Manner in which notice of the conciliatory

bills was received-Notification of the French treaty-Unfor-

tunate action under La Fayette-Sir Henry Clinton takes the

supreme command of the British army-Conduct of the British

commissioners, and of congress-Evacuation of Philadelphia by

the British troops-March towards New York-Affair of general

Lee-His disgrace-Arrival of a French fleet on the shores of

America under count d'Estaing-The British fleet protected in

the harbor of New York-Combined attack of French and Ame-

ricans on Rhode Island-Its failure-D'Estaing's conduct meets

with disapprobation-Operations of the British army in the pro-

vinces of New York and New Jersey-Attack of the savages on

the settlement of Wyoming under colonel Butler-Americans

take revenge-The French envoy received at Philadelphia-

Instructions sent to Franklin-French deprived of their fishery

at Newfoundland-The capture of Dominica; but lose St. Lucie

-French plans regarding Canada counteracted by the prudence

of Washington-Capture of Savannah by the British-Naval

operations in the British channel-Affairs respecting admiral

Keppel and sir Hugh Palliser-Domestic matters

page 335

CHAPTER XXI.

Proceedings of parliament-Attacks on lord Sandwich-Motion

respecting contractors-Motion for the removal of lord Sand-

wich-Investigation respecting the conduct of general and lord

Howe, involving the conduct of ministers-Consideration of

general Burgoyne's conduct-Riots in Scotland from apprehen-

sion of relief to papists-Lord Nugent's motion regarding the

trade of Ireland-Relief defeated-Resolution of the Irish mer-
chants-Armed associations in that country, and effects of them
-Notice taken of them in the house of lords-Departure of the
Spanish ambassador, &c.- Junction of French and Spanish
fleets-Motions, &c. in parliament-Bill for the impressment of
seamen-French and English fleets in the channel-Termination
of the session-Supplies, &c.-Affairs in the West Indies-Loss
of St. Vincent's and Grenada-Tobago saved-Naval action-
D'Estaing's bad conduct-Seat of war transferred to the southern
states-Operations in Georgia-D'Estaing arrives off the coast
-Ineffectual attempt to reduce Savannah-D'Estaing returns
to France-British incursions against Virginia-Capture of
Stony Point and Verplanks-Fortification of West Point-
Command given to Arnold-Expedition against Connecticut-
Stony Point retaken by general Wayne, but deserted at the ap-
proach of the British-British garrison surprised at Paulus Hook
-American disaster at Penobscot-Sir George Collier resigns
the naval command-Washington's policy-American retaliation
on the Indians-Spain attacks West Florida and the British settle-
ments on the Mississippi-She next attacks the logwood cutters
in the bay of Honduras-Capture of Omoa by the British-
Action between Paul Jones and captain Pierson-Memorial to
the States-General-Rodney appointed to the command of the
fleet in the West Indies-Prince William Henry sails as a mid-
shipman-Action of admiral Kempenfeldt-State of British
government-Meeting of parliament-Changes in administration
-Irish affairs

page 387

THE

HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

CHAPTER XII.

GEORGE III. (CONTINUED.)-1770.

Parliament meets-King's speech-Lord Chatham's reappearance in the house-His speech on American and domestic affairsLord Mansfield's-Lord Chatham's reply-Supported by lord Camden-Debates in the commons on an amendment to the address-Strength of opposition and signs of an approaching dissolution of the cabinet-Lord Camden dismissed-Mr. Yorke accepts the great seal-His death-Resignations sent in-Marquis of Rockingham's motion-Duke of Grafton's reply; resignation-Lord North made premier, and sir Fletcher Norton speaker-Other ministerial changes-Mr. Dowdeswell's motion regarding elections-Met by lord North-Lord Rockingham's on the same topic-Answered by lord Sandwich, &c.-Conduct of the livery of London-Remonstrance to the king-Conduct of the county of Middlesex-Wilkes's conduct after his release from confinement-Call of the house of lords by lord ChathamHis motions, &c.-Mr. Dowdeswell's bill to disfranchise revenue officers negatived-Accounts of the civil list-Mr. Grenville's bill on controverted elections-Lord North's repeal of the revenue act, excepting the duties on tea-Riotous proceedings at Boston -Contests between the city of London and the court-Beckford's conduct to the king-Birth of the princess ElizabethAddress of the city, and tumult of the populace-Woodfall's trial-Proceedings respecting it in the house of lords-Also in the commons-Continental politics-Proceedings with respect to Falkland's islands-Death of alderman Beckford-Quarrel between Wilkes and Horne-Establishment of democratic societies -Affairs of Russia and Turkey-Meeting of Frederic the Great and the emperor Joseph-Plan for the partition of PolandAffairs of France-Proceedings in the province of Massachusets.

PARLIAMENT met on the ninth of January, when, con- Meeting of trary to expectation, the king's speech took no notice parliament. of the public discontents, though it lamented the gene