commanding the troops, was killed, and the Indians proceeded on their way. As the Indians crossed several main lines of railway and many telegraph lines, information of their progress was constantly forwarded. The State Government sent arms to the settlers in the threatened country, but nothing in the way of assistance could be secured from General Pope at Fort Leavenworth. On the 30th of September, the Indians appeared on the Sappa, in Decatur county, and committed fearful atrocities, but made their escape almost unmolested to the North. They were finally overpowered, and a number of those identified as having committed outrages, were sent, on demand of Governor Anthony, to Kansas for trial before the civil courts for murder and other crimes, but were never prosecuted. This raid, in which forty white persons were reported killed, was the last in Kansas.

He

207. The Indian in Kansas.-The Indian appears in the history of Kansas, a grim and unhappy figure. No gentle or attractive traditions remain concerning him. appears squalid and degraded, or brutal and terrifying, a beggar or a bandit. For years he menaced the border, fighting, with the ferocity of a wild beast, the advance of civilization. He was swept on and away from it, leaving behind no eulogist to praise a brave foe,

nor mourner for a generous enemy.

208. Election of State Officers.-On the resignation of Governor Crawford, the official duties of Governor were assumed by Lieutenant-Governor Green. In November,

1868, the following State officers were elected: Governor, James M. Harvey; Lieutenant-Governor, C. V. Eskridge; Secretary of State, Thomas Moonlight; Auditor, Alois Thoman; Treasurer, George Graham; Attorney-General, . Addison Danford; Superintendent of Public Instruction, Peter McVicar; Daniel M. Valentine, Associate Justice. Sidney Clark was re-elected Member of Congress. Kansas cast her electoral vote for Grant and Colfax.

209. State Printer Elected.-The Legislature of 1869 elected S. S. Prouty to the newly created office of State Printer.

SUMMARY.

The

1. The Indian raids of the 60's were many and atrocious. most remarkable occurred in the Republican, Smoky Hill, and Solomon valleys.

2. Governor Crawford not only sent large forces to the field, but he organized the Nineteenth Regiment, resigned his position, and went himself to lead the regiment.

3. The Cheyennes, in 1874 and 1878, devastated three counties, and on their route to the North laid waste the country, and killed many people.

4. James M. Harvey was elected Governor.

5. Kansas cast electoral vote for Grant and Colfax.

6. S. S. Prouty elected State Printer.

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CHAPTER XXII.

IMMIGRATION.

210. Dawning of the Era of Prosperity.-With the year 1870 the State of Kansas may be said to have passed through a sea of troubles, and emerged upon the shore of peace and prosperity.

In 1870 Governor Harvey was re-elected, with P. P. Elder as Lieutenant-Governor; William H. Smallwood, Secretary of State; A. Thoman, Auditor; J. E. Hayes, Treasurer; A. L. Williams, Attorney-General; H. D. McCarty, Superintendent of Public Instruction; David J. Brewer, Associate Justice. D. P. Lowe was elected member of Congress.

211. Census of 1870. The United States census, taken in June of that year, showed a population of 362,307. The increase in population of Kansas from 1860 to 1870 was 235.99 per cent. The average increase for all of the States and Territories was 21.52 per cent.

212. Founding of State Institutions.-The end of the first decade of the State's history saw it provided with the most important State institutions. The Legislature of 1863 located the first State Insane Asylum at Osawatomie; provided for the building of a penitentiary at Lansing; established a State University at Lawrence, and accepted the Act of Congress giving lands for an Agricultural College; accepted the cession of its lands from Bluemont College, at Manhattan, and the State Agricultural College

itself was organized July 27, 1863. The amount of land selected for the State University in 1861 was 46,080 acres. The Legislatures of 1863 and 1869 gave the State Normal School 38,400 acres; the grant to the Agricultural College amounted to 82,315 acres. The Legislature of 1864 located the State Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Olathe, and the Blind Asylum at Wyandotte. The year saw the State charitable and educational institutions thoroughly and efficiently organized, and ready for the great advances to be made.

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213. State House.-The State Government, which had occupied a brick building on Kansas avenue, erected by private parties in 1863, and known as the State Row," abandoned these primitive quarters in the later days of 1869 for the newly completed east wing of the present Capitol, upon which structure work had fairly begun in the spring of 1867. The first Legislature to meet in the State's own house was that of 1870, James M. Harvey being the chief magistrate of the Commonwealth.