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INDEX

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183

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Halford, Sir H., selection from, 173
Hatfield, residence of the Princess
Elizabeth at, 225
Hawke, statue of Admiral, at Cloyne,
243

Head of the elephant, 214
Head-dresses of females, 186
Heart, the human, 6
Heavenly bodies, theories explanatory
of the motions of, 123
wisdom, evidences of, 48

Heavens, appearance of the, 122

Heidelberg, castle of, I., 9-II., 24

Herring-fishery, account of, 102

Herschel, Sir J., extracts from, 62, 112

Hogarth, extract from, 187

Honour, who worthy of, 117

Horse, foot of a, 115

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Rome, some account of, VII, 73-
Baths of Titus, 73-Seven Halls
of Vespasian, 74-Aqueducts, 75
-Forum of Trajan, 76-Pillar, or
Column, of Trajau, 77-Mole of
Hadrian, or Castle of St. Angelo,
78-VIII, 161-History of St.
Peter's, 161-Approach, Colon-
nade, and Front, 162-Descrip-
tion of interior, 162-The Dome,
166 Illuminations of, 167
Churches of Modern Rome, 167-
Relics of Paganism in, 168
Royal Exchange, account of, 50
Ruins of Caister Castle, 209
Runjeet Singh, account of, 239, 247
Russia, VIII, 150-IX., 137

St. Angelo, castle of, 78
St. Peter's, Rome, history of, 161
Salubrity of England, 6
School for Indigent Blind, visit to, 30
Science, amusements in, V., Arith-

metic, 31-VI., Geometry, 48—
VII, Astronomy, 88-VIII., Geo-
metry, 92

Scott, Sir W., selections from, 144, 215
Scripture pictures, 130
Seasons, the, I., Winter, 71

revolutions of the, 94
Seeds, on the dispersion of, 182
Self-love, lines on, 160

Seven days, ancient division of time
into, 224

Shipwrecked mariners, means of sa-
ving, 20

Short, or Cloth Wool, manufacture of,
196

Shuttleworth, selections from, 6
Sight, description of organs of, 92
Simon de Montfort, his crusade against
the Albigenses, 89, 153
Siphon, description of the, 212
Smith, Adam, selection from, 144
Charlotte, lines by, 240
Somerville, Mrs., selections from, 224
"Song of the Bell," by Schiller, ex-
tracts from, 8

Sonnet, by Queen Elizabeth, 147
Soul and body, connexion between, 147
Specks in the eye, fixed or floating, 158
Steel pens, history of, 63
Steele, selection from, 8
Stomach, the, 6

Story of Masaniello, I., 41-II., 65
Stove, description of Dr. Arnott's, 116
Swallow, the esculent, 248
System, the planetary, 152

Taste for reading, 62

natural history, advantages
of, 62
Telescope, invention of the, 183
Temper, on a peaceable, 62
Thames, frost-lair on the, 54
Thermometer stove, 115
Thomson, lines by, 213
Tillotson, selections from, 23, 27
Titus, baths of, 73

Tobacco employed in counteracting
the effects of arsenic, 87
Tower, confinement of the Princess
Elizabeth in, 146

Trajan, pillar or column of, 77
True use of reading, 32
Trusler, selections from, 183
Twilight, 140

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Voyage, an ancient, 39

War and merchant ships, 37
Warning voice in London, 192
Wasps, nests of, 215
Waterfowl, lines to a, 143
Waterton, extracts from, 219

Watson, selections from, 112

Whewell, extracts from, 183, 186, 230

Whale fishery, Dutch, 218

White (of Selborne), extract from, 135
Wigs and Head-dresses, 1, 114–11.
159-1II., 186

Wines of the Rhine, 193

Wither, lines by, 232

Wood, extracts from, 62

Woods, description of various fancy,
173

Woollen Manufacture, III., 196
Works of Imagination, on reading, 53
Writing Materials, history of, 14, 63,

109

Wye and Monmouthshire, I., 233
Youth, the time of enterprise, 144

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Caister Castle, ruins of, 209
Camera Obscura, illustrations of the, 72
Lucida, illustrations of the, 120
Camphor-tree, leaf and fruit of the,
184

Canton, triumphal arch at, 256
fort on the river near, 249

Carpentry, diagrams illustrative of,
188, 189, 224

Chair, King Edward's, 236

Chariot, charioteer, and warrior, Egyp
tian, 180

Chester Cathedral, 169

Children of the Neapolitan lazzaroni,
65

Choir of female musicians, 220
Cicada, the, 200

Cloyne, round tower at, 241
Common wasp, section of the nest of,
216

Costume of Queen Elizabeth when
young, 57

INDEX TO THE ENGRAVINGS.

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Galley, from a painting at Hercula-
neum, 36

Geometry, diagrams illustrative of, 48
German King, elevation of an ancient,
221

Grecian ladies, head-dresses of, 185
Greenwich, palace of Placentia at, 17
Grig vel. 24

Gun flints, tools employed in making,
96

Heidelberg Castle, court-yard of, 9
east view of, 25

Interior of St. Peter's, Rome, 165

Johannesberg Castle, 193
Jungfrau and Wengen Alps, 217

Killarney, view on the Upper Lake, 177
King Edward's chair, 236

Lamprey, the sea, 179
Lazzaroni of Naples, 41
Life-boat, the, 20

Macgillicuddy's Reeks, from Aghadoe,
137

Magic lantern, diagrams illustrative of
the, 104

Magnolia, great-flowered, 112
Mangrove, the, 144

Masonry, diagram to illustrate the
mode of joining stones in, 141
Mice Tower and Castle of Ehrenfels,
105

Minerva, antique seal of, 45
Minerve, castle of, Languedoc, 89
Moulding a large Bell, 8

Naples. Lazzaroni of, 41
Neapolitan Lazzaroni, children of the,

65

Old Somerset-House, 225
Olive-tree, 44
Olive press, 69

Oval, diagrams elucidating the pro-
perties of the, 176

Pen and inkstand, Anglo-Saxon, 15
Pharos, watch-tower of, 208
Pillar, or Columu, of Trajan, 77
Placentia, palace of, at Greenwich, 17
Pole-axe, ancient Egyptian, 181
Pottery-float, Egyptian, 33
Ptolemaic system, 124

Queen Elizabeth, borne by six gentle-
men, 1

costume o., when

young, 57
Queen's crown and circlet, 237
Quivers, ancient Egyptian, 180

Remains of the Seven Halls of Vespa-
pasian, 80
Rhayadyr Bridge, Monmouthshire, 233
Roman war-galley, ancient, 40

ladies, head-dresses of, 184
Rope, shot, and shells, to be used in
cases of shipwreck, 21
Rostra and heads of ancient ships, 205

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QUEEN ELIZABETH; HER PROGRESSES AND PUBLIC PROCESSIONS.

No. I... INTRODUCTION.

It was remarked in the last century by Bishop Percy, that the splendour and magnificence of Elizabeth's reign are nowhere more strongly painted than in the little diaries which have come down to us of some of her Progresses, or Summer excursions to the houses of her nobility. It may be added with equal truth, that nowhere do we meet with more interesting and instructive illustrations of the manners and taste of that age-an age which, for many reasons, has always been particularly attractive to Englishmen. The same learned and accomplished prelate likewise observed that a more acceptable present could not be given to the world than a republication of a select number of the most interesting accounts, such as those relating to the entertainments which the Earl of Leicester gave the Queen at Kenilworth Castle in 1575, or to that which the Earl of Hertford gave her Majesty at Elvetham, in 1591. Several years have now clapsed since the desideratum then pointed out in our literature, was more than supplied by the able research and indefatigable industry of Mr. Nichols, who published, in three quarto volumes, all the accounts which he could collect from original contemporary manuscripts, or from scarce pamphlets, &c., concerning the progresses, public processions, and other ceremonials which occurred in the reign of this celebrated queen. Valuable, however, as were the labours of Mr. Nichols, his work is rather a book of reference, or collection of authentic records and documents, than a narrative digested from the materials which he had amassed; its character, therefore, no less than its bulk, renders it not very well fitted to the general reader. Under these circumstances, we deem that we shall be offering an acceptable present, in the phrase of Bishop Percy, to our readers, in furnishing them with a series of papers, descriptive of the progresses of Queen Elizabeth, her public processions, and such other similar matters as tend to illustrate the taste and manners which prevailed in our country during her reign.

The practice of making progresses in different parts of her kingdom, is a striking feature in the plan of popularity which Elizabeth seems to have followed from the beginning of her reign. The spirit of the times encouraged those splendid recreations, when the habits and amusements of the great possessed so different a character from that which they have in more modern times. To show the impression which these progresses made upon the people generally we shall first quote the words of a contemporary poet, who was one of Elizabeth's gentlemen pensioners, we mean Puttenham, whose Arte of English Poesie has secured the transmission of his name to our days. In one of his poems in praise of the Queen, he thus addresses her:

Thou that besydes forreyne affayres
Canst tend to make yerely repayres,
By Sommer progresse and by sporte,
To shire and towne, citye and porte,
To view and compasse all thye lande,
And take the bills with thine own hande
Of clowne and earle, of knight and swayne,
Who list to thee for right complayne,
And therin dost such justice yeelde,
As in thy sexe folke see but seelde;
And thus to do arte less afrayde,
With houshold trayne, a syllye mayde,
Than thyne anncestours one of tenne
Durst do with troopes of armed men.

In the Character of Queen Elizabeth, by Edward

Bohun, a writer of the seventeenth century, the scheme of her progresses is thus explained:

In the Summer she for the most part lived in the countrey; and she took her royal progresses into the several counties of England, and she would amuse herself with considering and commending the pleasantness and goodness of her country, and the greatness and variety of the fruits goodness of God in diversifying the face of the earth, by England produced; she would also admire the wisdom and the mixture of fields, meadows, pastures, and woods; and she would, as occasion offered, hunt too. In all this she was intent upon that which was her main business, the government of her people, the management of her family and of her revenues, and the observing the state and condition, the carriage and designs, of the neighbour states and princes. Which way soever she went, she was sure to draw upon her the eyes of her people: innumerable crowds of them met her in all places with loud hearty acclamations, with countenances full of joy, and hearts equally filled with love and admiration: and this ever attended her in publick and in private: for what sight in this world can possibly please mortals like that of a just, beneficent, and kind prince? So that those places were accounted the most happy, in which, for the goodness of the air or the pleasantness of the fields, she was pleased to stay the longest.

He then proceeds to describe her extreme affability and condescension during these journeys, and the effect thereof upon her people:

In her progress she was the most easy to be approached; private persons and magistrates, men and women, country people and children, came joyfully, and without any fear, to wait upon her and see her. Her ears were then open to the complaints of the afflicted, and of those that had been any way injured. She would not suffer the meanest of her people to be shut out from the places where she resided, but the greatest and the least were then in a manner levelled. She took with her own hand, and read with the greatest goodness, the petitions of the meanest rusticks: and she would frequently assure them that she would take a particular care of their affairs, and she would ever be as good as her word. She, by her royal authority, protected those that were injured and oppressed: she punished the fraudulent, false, perfidious, and wicked. In all this variety of affairs she was able to keep her temper, and appear with an equal and uninterrupted serenity and humanity to all that came nigh her; she was never seen angry with the most unseasonable or uncourtly approach: she was never offended with the most impudent and importunate petitioner. There was no commotion to be seen in her mind; no reproaches, no reprehensions came from her. Nor was there anything in the whole course of her reign that more won the hearts of the people than this her wonderful facility, condescension, and the strange sweetness and pleasantness with which she entertained all that came to her. Thus, for the most part, she spent her Summer.

When Queen Mary died, on the 17th of November, 1558, Elizabeth was at Hatfield. On the 23rd of November, she made a magnificent progress from thence to the Charter-house in London; which was the prelude to her passage through the city from the Tower to Westminster, on the 13th of January following, the day before her coronation. In the Summer of 1559, she made an excursion from Greenwich to Dartford and Cobham, and afterwards to Eltham, Nonsuch, and Hampton Court. In 1560, she went in progress to Winchester and Basing. In the third year of her reign, 1561, she began her progress through Essex, Suffolk, and Hertfordshire; and on her return, she passed from Hertford Castle through Enfield, Islington, and over St. Giles in the Fields (which did not then belie its name,) to St. James. In 1563, she received the congratulations of the Eton scholars at Windsor Castle, and in the next year, those of the University of Cambridge at King's College. In 1564 likewise, she went into Huntingdonshire and Leicestershire; in 1565, to Coventry, and the year following to Oxford, in compliment to Dudley, Earl of Leicester, then Chancellor of that University; and to Burghley, on a visit to her Treasurer, the great Cecil, In 1567,

she was in Berkshire, Surrey, and Hampshire; in 1568, in Kent, Essex, Hertfordshire, and Northamptonshire; in 1569, in Surrey and Hampshire. In 1570, Elizabeth went into the city again, to honour Sir Thomas Gresham on the occasion of his building the Royal Exchange; she was likewise entertained by him in 1573, at his mansion at Mayfield in Sussex; and some time between 1577 and 1579 at his house at Osterley near London. In 1571, she visited Hunsdon House, which had formerly been her nursery, and which she gave to her first cousin, Henry Cary, whom she had created Baron Hunsdon. On Mayday, 1572, she was entertained at Greenwich, with many warlike feats, by the citizens of London; the coming of the French ambassadors in the same year, was the occasion of great festivities, and after their departure, the Queen proceeded on a progress into Essex, Kent, Herts, Bedfordshire, to Kenilworth, Warwick, Reading, Windsor, and Hampton Court; at which last place, about the end of September, she fell ill of the small-pox. In 1573, she passed through a part of Surrey and Sussex, and honoured many places in Kent with her presence. She visited Archbishop Parker at Croydon; and seems to have intended paying him another visit in 1574; in which year also, she was amused at Bristol with the regular siege of a fort; was entertained by the Earl of Pembroke at Wilton, and visited the city of New Sarum.

In 1575, the Queen made a progress through the counties of Northampton, Oxford, and Worcester; and it was during this progress, that she was so magnificently entertained for nineteen days by the Earl of Leicester at Kenilworth*. In 1577, she was again in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, and spent three days at Sir Nicholas Bacon's mansion at Gorhambury. In 1578, she went over Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire; and received the compliments of the University of Cambridge on her way, at Audley Inn. In 1579, she again visited Essex and Suffolk. In 1581, she received ten commissioners from the King of France concerning her marriage with the Duke of Anjou; and in their honour, a "Triumph" was performed with great solemnity.

From 1581 to 1588, the Queen appears to have remained quiet at Westminster; her amusements consisting of shows and tiltings on the reception of foreign princes and ambassadors. In the latter year, which is memorable for the projected invasion of her kingdom by the Spaniards, and the defeat of their grand Armada, Elizabeth paid her celebrated visit to her army at Tilbury Fort. In 1591 we find her recommencing her progresses over Surrey, Sussex, and Hampshire, and being entertained at Cowdry, Southampton, and Elvetham; and the next year at Bisham, Sudley and Ricott, with all the fantastic pomp which characterized the age. In 1592, likewise, she paid a second visit to Oxford, in compliment to Lord Burleigh, who was then Chancellor of that University. In 1594, the students of Gray's Inn entertained her with a masque; and next year the Earl of Essex celebrated the anniversary of her accession with a "device." In 1599, she went again over part of Berkshire. In 1600, she honoured the wedding of Lord Herbert with her presence, in Black Fryers, and was there entertained with dancing and a masque at the Lord Cobham's, and even "dawnced +" herself, though in her

See Saturday Magazine, Vol. I., p. 101. The fondness of Queen Elizabeth for music and "dawncing" in her old age, is thus noticed in a letter from the Earl of Worcester to the Earl of Shrewsbury dated September 19, 1602, and printed by Mr. Lodge, from the Talbot MSS., in his Illustrations of British History: "Wee are frolyke heare in Courte; mutche dawncing in the privi chamber of contrey dawnces before the Q. M. (Queen's Majesty) whoe is exceedingly pleased therwth Irishe tunes are at this tyme most pleasing," &c.

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The Puritans in Elizabeth's time, condemned much of the gaiety and splendour of the court, but the queen was exhorted from the poetical press, not to regard their objections. The poet and gentleman pensioner, George Puttenham, in a poem, or rather collection of poems, styled Partheniades, which he devoted as a new year's gift to the Queen in 1579, has some lines written for the purpose of maintaining “agaynste the Puritantes," that " amonge men many thinges be allowed of necessitye, many for ornament, which cannot be misliked nor well spared, without blemishe to the cyvile life;" and that "all auncyent courtly usages, devised as well for the publique intertaynments, as for other private solaces and disportes," are "not scandalously evill or vicious." The muse Calliope, addressing the Queen, recounts a list of calamities which must result from adopting the obnoxious principles:

Deny honoure to dignity

And triumphe to just victorie
Pull puissance from soverayntie
And credit from authoritee

From holy-dayes and fro weddinges
Minstrells and feasts and robes and ringes
Take fro kinges courtes intertaynments;
From ladyes riche habillimentes:

And then indignantly exclaims

Princesse! yt ys as if one take away
Green woodes from forrests and sunne-shine fro the daye.
The chances of success in this contest, were natu-

rally with the poets. The innovating spirit of the Puritans rendered them very unacceptable to the Queen; and the manner in which they put forward their demands, was not at all calculated to ensure Camden thus describes the "Insolency of the Puritans," in the year 1588, in which year, he tells us, that England was "pestered with schism."

their success.

Certainly, (he says,) never did contumacious impudency and contumelious malapertness against ecclesiastical ma gistrates, show itself more bold and insolent. For when the Queen (who was always the same) would not give ear to innovatours in religion who designed (as she thought) to cut in sunder the very sinews of her ecclesiastical government and her royal prerogative at once, some of those men who were great admirers of the discipline of the church of Geneva, thought there was no better way to be taken for establishing the same in England, than by inveighing and railing against the English hierarchy, and stirring up the people to a dislike and hatred of the bishops and prelacy. These men, therefore, set forth scandalous books against both the church government and the prelates, the titles whereof were, Martin Marre-Prelate, Mineralis, Diotrephes, a Demonstration of Discipline, &c. In these libels they belched forth most virulent calumnies and opthat the authors might seem to have been rather scullions probrious taunts and reproaches in such a scurrilous manner, out of the kitchen than pious and godly men. Yet were the authors thereof (forsooth) Penry and Udal, ministers of the word, and Job Throckmorton, a learned man and of a facetious and gybing tongue. Their favourers and upholders were Richard Knightley, and Wigston, Knights, men otherwise good, grave, and sober, but drawn in by certain ministers, who aimed at some private respects of their own, for which the said knights had smarted by a heavy fine laid upon them in the Star-Chamber, had not the Archbishop of Canterbury, (such was his mildness and good nature,) with much adoe requested and obtained a remission thereof from the queen.

But if the Queen had been disposed to abolish what the Puritans disliked, she had not the power to do so. She did not, as Mr. Sharon Turner remarks, like Charles the Second, make the manners of her

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