his boy were evidently sinking apace; Cook himself was taken ill in short, the work of death had commenced, and threatened, if not speedily arrested, to overtake the whole. Before the Endeavour took her departure, on the 26th of December, seven of her complement had died, and the number of sick amounted to forty. Among the deceased were Tayeto and his kind protector Tupia, "who sunk at once after the loss of the boy, whom he loved with the tenderness of a parent." On inspecting the ship, it was found that two planks and the half of a third, under the main channel, near the keel, had the extent of six feet so worn, as not to be above the eighth of an inch in thickness; and even this gauze-like partition, on which the lives of so many had depended, was perforated by worms. The remainder of the voyage was marked by an alarming mortality, the seeds of which were no doubt sown at Batavia. In the run from the western mouth of the Straits of Sunda to the Cape of Good Hope, which was reached on the 15th of March 1771, few nights passed without a corpse being committed to the deep, and those still able to move could not answer the demands of the sick. In the course of six weeks, the pestilence carried off Messrs Sporing and Parkinson, both in the establishment of Mr Banks ; Mr Green, the astronomer, and various others; in all twenty-three persons, besides the seven who died at Batavia, and Mr Hicks, the first-lieutenant, who soon after fell a victim to consumption. The Endeavour left the Cape on the 14th of April, and on the 12th of June came to anchor in the Downs. This memorable voyage excited among all classes the most intense interest. 66 If," wrote Linnæus, from Upsal, "I were not bound fast here by sixtyfour years of age, and a worn-out body, I would this very day set out for London, to see my dear Solander, that great hero of botany. Moses was not permitted to enter Palestine, but only to view it from a distance; so I conceive an idea in my mind of the acquisitions and treasures of those who have visited every part of the globe." At home, Mr Banks and his companions became the objects of general curiasity; their conversation was eagerly sought by the learned, the noble, and the wealthy; and even royalty found delight in listening to the adventures of the discoverers, and examining the specimens of the arts and manufactures which they had gathered in the distant countries they had explored.* The manner in which Cook had discharged his duty secured him almost universal approbation. He was honoured with an introduction to his majesty at St James's, when he presented a journal of his voyage, with illustrative maps and charts; and by a commission, dated 29th August 1771, he was promoted to the rank of commander. With a becoming pride and consciousness of his own merits, he was desirous to obtain a higher station; but his wish could not be gratified without violating the rules of the naval service. Interest attached itself even to the animals which were on board the Endeavour in her eventful navigation; and Dr Johnson condescended to write an indifferent epigram on a goat which Mr Banks had carried with him round the globe: "Perpetua ambitâ bis terrâ præmia lactis CHAPTER X. Second Circumnavigation of Cook. Objects of the Voyage-Search for Bouvet's Land-The Southern Continent-Aurora Australis-Arrival at New Zealand-Visit to the Low Archipelago-Otaheite Huaheine-Ulietea—Rediscovery of the Tonga or Friendly Islands-Second Visit to New Zealand-Separation of the Ships-Search for the Terra Australis resumed-Highest South Latitude attained-Danger. ous Illness of Cook-Easter Island-Las Marquesas-The Society Islands-The Tonga Islands-New Hebrides-Discovery of New Caledonia Norfolk Island-Third Visit to New Zealand-Run across the Pacific-Survey of Tierra del Fuego and Staten Land-Discovery of New South Georgia and Sandwich Land-Return to the Cape of Good Hope-Adventures of Captain Furneaux-Conclusion of the Voyage-Honours paid to Cook-His Narrative of the Expedition-Omai in England. ALTHOUGH, by circumnavigating New Zealand and exploring the eastern coasts of New Holland, Cook had exploded the opinion so long cherished, that these countries belonged to the great Terra Australis Incognita, yet the question of a vast southern continent remained undecided, and a belief in its existence was still strongly entertained, both on physical and historical grounds, by some of the most distinguished men of that day. Soon after the return of the Endeavour, it was resolved to prepare an expedition expressly to settle this much-agitated point. The Earl of Sandwich, then at the head of the Admiralty, prosecuted the design with ardour; it received the cordial approba tion of the king; and Cook was at once chosen as the individual to whom the execution of it ought to be intrusted. On considering the nature and dangers of the voyage, it was deemed advisable that two vessels should act in concert. These were similar in size and construction to the Endeavour, and had been built at Whitby by the same person. The Resolution, of which Cook had the command, was rated at 462 tons burden; and the Adventure,* of 336 tons, was placed under Captain Furneaux, who had sailed as second lieutenant under Wallis. The former had a complement of 112, and the latter of 81, officers and men. Both were equipped in the most complete manner, according to the science and experience of the period, under the eye of Lord Sandwich; and, besides the very best stores and provisions, the Navy and Victualling Boards supplied a variety of articles, intended for the preservation of the seamen's health. Among these were malt, sour crout, salted cabbage, portable broth, saloop, and mustard,—all wellknown antiscorbutics; to which were added, for From an anecdote preserved by Boswell, it appears that it was originally intended to bestow other names on the vessels. "21st March 1772. A gentleman having come in who was to go as a mate in the ship along with Mr Banks and Dr Solander, Dr Johnson asked what were the names of the ships destined for the expedition. The gentleman answered, They were once to be called the Drake and the Raleigh, but now they were to be called the Resolution and the Adventure. JOHNSON. Much better; for had the Raleigh [the Drake?] returned without going round the world, it would have been ridiculous. To give them the names of the Drake and the Raleigh, was laying a trap for satire.' BoswELL. Had not you some desire to go upon this expedition, Sir?' JOHNSON.Why yes, but I soon laid it aside. "Sir, there is very little of intellectual in the course. Besides, I see but at a small distance. So it was not worth my while to go to see birds fly, which I should not have seen fly; and fishes swim, which I should not have seen swim.""-Boswell's Life of Johnson (Mr Croker's ed.), vol. ii. p. 138. -- the sake of trial, marmalade of carrots, and the inspissated juice of wort and beer. Clothing suitable to a cold climate was put on board the ships, together with ample materials for fishing, and articles to serve as presents for the natives of the countries visited, and as money for the purchase of provisions. Each vessel had likewise the framework of a tender, to be set up, if required, on any emergency. Nor were the interests of science neglected; Mr Hodges, an accomplished artist, was engaged as draughtsman; and Messrs Banks and Solander, having abandoned their design of accompanying the expedition,* This * An attempt has been lately made to ascribe the change in Mr Banks' intentions to the alleged moroseness of Cook's temper. In a report from a committee of the Geographical Society of Paris (Annales Maritimes, January 1831), it is said:" Du reste le caractère inflexible et morose de cet intrépide marin rendit souvent aux personnes appelées à servir sous ses ordres leur position désagréable. On se souvient que Banks renonça à l'accompagner dans son second voyage, bien qu'il eût tout disposé dans cette intention." charge appears destitute of the slightest foundation. During the first voyage, which extended to nearly three years, Sir Joseph could not fail to become intimately acquainted with the peculiarities of Cook's disposition; and knowing these so fully, it is quite inconsistent with the decision and whole character of the late President of the Royal Society, to suppose that he would have determined to join the expedition, and made expensive arrangements, only to forego his design when the hour of sailing was at hand. Indeed, it is well known, that he gave up his project only "because the Navy Board showed no willingness to provide that accommodation which the extent of his preparations and the number of his scientific followers required." The following statement is given in the Annual Register for 1772 (p. 108), under the date of 11th June:-" Mr Banks and Dr Solander were not consulted on the choice of the ship; and on their objecting to her want of accommodation for their draughtsmen, &c., as well as to her want of room to stow the crew, the Navy Board undertook to give all those conveniences, and patched the same ship with a round-house and square deck, and without considering whether she could bear it, manned and equipped her for the voyage. Mr Banks, Dr Solander, &c., examined her a second time; found her convenient if she could sail, of which they doubted, and reported her top-heavy. Their ob servations were disregarded; but a gale of wind arising, laid her on her side without her having a single sail unreefed, and she could |