Two others found were composed of the same materials, but of lighter color, and shaped like a flat-bottomed candlestick. Situated on a bluff, on the south side of Green River, about twelve miles from Bowlinggreen, is an old fort, inaccessible except at one corner. The hill is level on the top, with overhanging cliffs some thirty feet high. Near the center of the hill is situated the old fort, which seems to have been erected with stone and earth. The area of the fort is about seven acres. From the fort, for the distance of more than a mile, extends a line of mounds, diminishing in size as they recede from the fort. There are other ancient works in this county which have not been examined.

Eight miles east of Bowlinggreen, in the open barrens, is a sink, fifty yards wide, and one hundred yards in length. It is called Wolf Sink, from the circumstance of a wolf having gone into it to feed upon a horse which had fallen in, and there died, being unable to get out. It is about one hundred and fifty feet deep, with large trees growing in it.

McFadden's Old Station is four miles above Bowlinggreen, on Barren River. On the north side of the river, three miles from Bowlinggreen, many inscriptions are to be found upon the beech trees, indicating that a camp had been there for some ten or twelve days; the dates under the names extending from the 13th to the 23d of June, 1775. It is conjectured by some to be the camp of the Long Hunters. The highest of the names on one tree was nine feet, and the lowest four feet from the ground, there being thirteen names, as follows: J. Newell, E. Bulger, J. Hite, V. Harman, J. Jackman, W. Buchanan, A. Bowman, J. Drake, O. Nall, H. Skaggs, J. Bowman, Thomas Slaughter, J. Todd. There are a number of names on other trees close by, some bearing the dates June 14th, June 15th, June 17th, and others June 23d. On another tree, about fifty yards off, appear two names, one bearing the date of 1779, the other 1796.

One of the most remarkable objects in Whitley County is the Falls of Cumberland River, about fourteen miles from Williamsburg, the county-seat. The river here is precipitated over a fall of sixty-three feet perpendicular. The roar of the

falling waters, on a clear morning, may be heard many miles. Behind the sheet of water is a cave in the surface of the rock, and a person can go almost across the river by this passage. It is in the shape of an arch, formed by the rock on one side and by the falling waters on the other. The scenery in the neighborhood is wonderfully romantic. The hills and mountains rise upon each other like clouds upon the horizon.

Before the settlement of Kentucky by the whites, Drennon's Lick, in Henry County, was a valuable hunting-ground for the Indians. Deer and other game resorted to this Lick in great numbers. For many years, during the watering season, it has been much resorted to by invalids and seekers of pleasure. It is a medicinal spring of black and salt sulphur.

About five miles from Madisonville, in the county of Hopkins, on a high and rocky hill, are the remains of an ancient fortification. An area of about ten acres of ground is walled with stone. By whom it was built, or when, is unknown to any one at this day.

In Kenton County, on a farm owned by Mr. Ellison Williams, a companion of Daniel Boone, is a well formerly known and called the Hygeian well, once kept as a watering-place, but never a place of great resort. A weak sulphur spring, situated four miles from Covington, called the Lettonian Spring, has become a place of considerable resort, especially to the citizens of Covington.

Mr. M. Swing, of Covington, Kentucky, one of the oldest residents, has in his possession a snuff-box carved from the horn of an ox, and bearing the date of 1782. It was made by Colonel William Prichard, a young hunter in the dark and bloody days of Kentucky, and in one of the principal forts erected by Daniel Boone. The fort was situated at the mouth of the Licking River, opposite Cincinnati, where Covington now stands, which was then a dreary wilderness. Young Prichard, with a few soldiers and hunters, was at the time. besieged in the fort by the Indians, and to while away the time during the siege, when not on duty, he carved this box, covering it with devices and emblems of the time. On the bottom is the date 1782. On each of the sides are Masonic

emblems-the All-seeing eye, &c., the coat-of-arms of England, and other devices. On the lid is a representation of a Colonial hunter, with knee-breeches, queue, &c., taking aim with an old flint-lock gun at a startled deer, while in the distance are lying around specimens of the hunter's skill. The box was once captured by a noted Indian chief, and was regarded as a great curiosity by the Indians. It was afterward found on his dead body by the hunter who killed him. It is kept as an heirloom, having already descended through five generations, and is esteemed by the present possessor of tenfold more value than its weight in gold.

Three miles from the town of Barboursville, on the north bank of Cumberland River, are the remains of an ancient fortress, surrounded by a ditch enclosing about four acres of ground.

The Knob Licks, of Lincoln County, are numbered among the curiosities of Kentucky. The greatest height of these knobs is about two hundred feet, and the base of the highest some four hundred feet in diameter. These knobs are inter

sected with ravines, and destitute of vegetation.

In McCracken County, silver ore in small quantities is said to have been found, and it is believed that lead ore abounds in this county.

At Mount Sterling, Montgomery County, was situated a considerable mound, from which the place derives its name. At the first settlement of this place there were trees growing on this mound as large as any in the surrounding forest. The mound was dug down some twenty-five years ago or more, and, interspersed with the human bones which were dug up, were found also many curious things, among which were two breast-plates, one of copper, and one of queensware, each about the size of a man's hand; large beads were found also, some of copper and others of ivory; also copper bracelets. About five miles from Mount Sterling is another mound, near to what appears to have been an ancient intrenchment of square form. On the eastern side appears to have been a gateway, some twenty feet in width, and leading to a spring some thirty yards off. When the county was first settled by the

whites trees were growing in the intrenchment and on the banks as large as any in the forest which surrounded it.

In Garrard County, some twelve miles from the county-seat, on Paint Lick Creek, an area of ground of about ten acres is deeply indented with marks resembling the tracks of wagon wheels. They are yet plainly visible, and have been so ever since the settlement of the country by the whites, a period of more than eighty years. The place bears the name of White Lick.

In Nelson County there is stated to be a natural tunnel, of circular form, several feet in diameter. It begins at the eastern and terminates at the western declivity of the eminence on which the town of Bardstown, the county-seat, is situated.

CHAPTER VII.

Centennial Celebration at Camp Knox; Great Crowd in Attendance; Bountiful Repast; Speaking on the Occasion-Long Hunters, Visit of-Colonel James Knox-Doctor Walker-Christopher Gist-George Croughan— Colonel James Smith-John Findley-General George Washington visits Kentucky; Account of same-Boone and Knox-James Stewart-Green River-Friendship of an Indian-Mount Gilead-Skin-house BranchReturn of Long Hunters--Immense Immigration-Surveyors in the Country-Earliest Settlers in Green, Names of Cane Creek Fort-Indian Annoyances-Colonel William Whitley-Nickajack Towns; their Capture-Troubles ended in Southern Kentucky-Long Hunters revisit Kentucky-Encampment near Bowlinggreen-Names Cut upon Beech Trees-William Skaggs, Incidents of; his Death.

On the 4th day of July, 1870, a centennial celebration took place at Camp Knox, in Green County, of the first settlement of a camp ever established by the white man in all Southern Kentucky. A vast crowd of people had assembled on the occasion, young and old, male and female. The Masonic fraternity also turned out in great numbers, some five or six lodges of the county of Green and adjoining counties being represented, and leading in the grand procession. A bountiful repast had been provided for the assembled crowd, tastily spread upon long tables quadrangularly arranged, of which all partook to their heart's content when the speaking was concluded.

The writer on that occasion, by the particular request of the committee of invitation, had the honor of being one of the speakers, and as the subject of his remarks furnished some incidents intimately connected with the history of Kentucky. We give them here, omitting the portion relating to the day upon which the celebration took place, and so memorable in the history of our nation as a free and independent people.