expressed in language. These relations are always exhibited or expressed by the use of the ELEMENTS OF VOCAL EXPRESSION Quality, Pitch, Force, Stress, Emphasis, Inflection, Pause, and Personation. Practice upon these combinations gives confidence in their use in reading and speaking, and educates the Taste and Judgment. The ear is disciplined to notice exaggerations and affectations, and to avoid them as the skillful musician notices and avoids discords.

Desiring to make this compilation a complete and thorough DRILL BOOK AND GUIDE, we enumerate the different elements of expression, necessary to the intonation of most of the feelings and emotions, with examples for practice.

We would not be understood as claiming that there is an element of vocal expression peculiarly adapted to every different sentiment or emotion. The same vocal element is frequently used to express very different sentiments and emotions. But by the management of these elements, in continuous and careful practice, all the varieties may be expressed, as the most complicate harmonies in music are produced by the notes of the scale, by the skillful musician.

We begin with

DIGNITY, GRAVITY, AND SOLEMNITY.

These, and kindred expressions, as ADORATION, REVERENCE, VENERATION, and AWE, are expressed by Orotund Quality, Long Quantity, Slow Time, and Median Stress.

1.

Yet a few days, and thee,

The all-beholding sun shall see no more,

In all his course; nor yet in the cold ground,
Where thy pale form was laid, with many tears,
Nor in the embrace of ocean, shall exist

Thy image. Earth, that nourished thee, shall claim
Thy growth, to be resolved to earth again;
And, lost each human trace, surrendering up
Thine individual being, shalt thou go

To mix forever with the elements,

To be a brother to the insensible rock,

And to the sluggish clod, which the rude swain

Turns with his share, and treads upon.

Thou shalt lie down

With patriarchs of the infant world - with kings,
The powerful of the earth- the wise, the good,
Fair forms, and hoary seers of ages past,
All in one mighty sepulchre. The hills,
Rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun -the vales
Stretching in pensive quietness between -
The venerable woods - rivers that move

In majesty, and the complaining brooks,

That make the meadows green- and, poured round all,
Old ocean's gray and melancholy waste.

Are but the solemn decorations all,

Of the great tomb of man.

2.

These, as they change, Almighty Father! these
Are but the varied God. The rolling year
Is full of Thee.

And oft Thy voice in dreadful thunder speaks;
And oft at dawn, deep noon, or falling eve,

By brooks and groves, in hollow-whispering gales.
In winter, awful Thou! with clouds and storms
Around Thee thrown, tempest o'er tempest rolled -
Majestic darkness! On the whirlwind's wing,
Riding sublime, Thou bidd'st the world adore,
And humblest Nature, with Thy northern blast.

3.

These are Thy glorious works, Parent of Good!
Almighty! Thine this universal frame,

Thus wondrous fair! - Thyself how wondrous, then!
Unspeakable! who sitt'st above these heavens,

To us invisible, or dimly seen

Midst these, thy lowest works!

Yet these declare Thy goodness beyond thought,
And power divine!

CHEERFULNESS, LIVELINESS, GAIETY, EARNEST

DESCRIPTION,

And similar feelings, require the Natural or Pure Voice, Short Quantity Quick Time, Radical, and Vanishing Stress.

Hear the sledges with the bells

1.

silver bells!

What a world of merriment their melody foretells!

How they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle, in the icy air of night!

While the stars that oversprinkle all the heavens, seem to twinkle

With a crystalline delight

Keeping time, time, time, in a sort of Runic rhyme,
To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells
From the bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, -
From the jingling and the tinkling of the bells.

2.

Hear the mellow wedding-bells - golden bells!

-

What a world of happiness their harmony foretells!

Through the balmy air of night, how they ring out their delight!

Oh, from out the sounding cells,

What a gush of euphony voluminously wells!
How it swells, how it dwells

On the Future! How it tells of the rapture that impels
To the swinging and the ringing of the bells, bells, bells,
Of the bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, bells -
To the rhyming and the chiming of the bells.

3.

But, oh! how altered was its sprightlier tone,
When Cheerfulness, a nymph of healthiest hue,
Her bow across her shoulder flung,

Her buskins gemm'd with morning dew,

Blew an inspiring air, that dale and thicket rung,
The hunter's call, to Fawn and Dryad known!
The oak-crowned sisters and their chaste-eyed queen,
Satyrs and sylvan boys were seen,

Peeping from forth their alleys green :

Brown Exercise rejoiced to hear,

And Sport leaped up, and seized his beechen spear.

4.

O bright, beautiful, health-inspiring, heart-gladdening water! Every where around us dwelleth thy meek presence - twin-angel sister of all that is good and precious here; in the wild forest, on the grassy plain, slumbering in the bosom of the lonely mountain, sailing with viewless wings through the humid air, floating over us in curtains of more than regal splendor - home of the healing angel, when his wings bend to the woes of this fallen world

Oh, water, pure water, bright water for me,
And wine for the trembling debauchee !

MIRTH, WIT, PLEASANTRY, JOY, RAPTURE, DELIGHT SPRIGHTLINESS, AND GOOD HUMOR,

Require for their expression, Short Quantity, Quick Time, Rising Inflections, Radical, and Median Stress, with occasional use of the Tremor Voice.

1.

But thou, O Hope! with eyes so fair!
What was thy delighted measure?
Still it whispered promised pleasure,
And bade the lovely scene at distance hail.
Still would her touch the strain prolong;

And from the rocks, the woods, the vale,
She called on Echo still, through all her song;
And, where her sweetest theme she chose,

A soft, responsive voice, was heard at every close;
And Hope, enchanted, smiled, and waved her golden hair.

2.

Oh, then, I see, Queen Mab hath been with you;
She comes

In shape no bigger than an agate stone
On the forefinger of an alderman,
Drawn by a team of little atomies
Over men's noses, as they lie asleep;

Her wagon-spokes, made of long spinners' legs;
The cover, of the wings of grasshoppers;
The traces, of the smallest spider's web;
The collars, of the moonshine's watery beams;
Her whip, of cricket's bone; the lash, of film ;
Her wagoner, a small gray-coated gnat,
Her chariot is an empty hazel-nut,
Made by the joiner squirrel, or old grub,
Time out of mind, the fairies' coachmakers.
And in this state, she gallops, night by night.
Sometimes she gallops o'er a courtier's nose,
And then dreams he of smelling out a suit;
And sometimes comes she with a tithe-pig's tail,
Tickling a parson's nose as he lies asleep;
Then dreams he of another benefice.
Sometimes she driveth o'er a soldier's neck,
And then dreams he of cutting foreign throats,
Of breaches, ambuscadoes, Spanish blades,
Of healths five fathoms deep; and then anon,
Drums in his ear, at which he starts and wakes,
And, being thus frighted, swears a prayer or two,
And sleeps again.

3.

(This selection may be made a Laughing Exercise.)

I wrote some lines, once on a time,

In wonderous merry mood;

And thought, as usual, men would say
They were exceeding good.

They were so queer, so very queer,
I laughed as I would die;-

Albeit, in the general way,
A sober man am I.

I called my servant, and he came;
How kind it was of him,

To mind a slender man like me,
He of the mighty limb!

"These to the printer!" I exclaimed;
And, in my humorous way,
I added (as a trifling jest),
"There'll be the devil to pay!"

He took the paper, and I watched,
And saw him peep within;

At the first line he read, his face
Was all upon a grin.

He read the next; the grin grew broad,
And shot from ear to ear.

He read the third; a chuckling noise
I now began to hear.

The fourth, he broke into a roar;
The fifth, his waistband split;
The sixth, he burst five buttons off,
And tumbled in a fit.

Ten days and nights, with sleepless eye,

I watched that wretched man;

And since, I never dare to write
As funny as I can.

ASTONISHMENT, AND SURPRISE,

With AMAZEMENT, EXCLAMATION, ADMIRATION, or WONDER, require Long Quantity, Varied Force, Radical and Median Stress, Downward and Upward Inflections, thirds, fourths, fifths, or octaves, according to excitement; with Equal, Direct, and Inverted Waves; Orotund Quality, and Guttural at times.

1.

Whence and what art thou, execrable shape!
That dar'st, though grim and terrible, advance
Thy miscreated front athwart my way

To yonder gates? Through them, I mean to pass
That be assured-without leave asked of thee!
Retire, or taste thy folly; and learn by proof,
Hell-born! not to contend with spirits of heaven!

2.

Back to thy punishment,

False fugitive! and to thy speed add wings;

Lest with a whip of scorpions I pursue

Thy lingering, or with one stroke of this dart

Strange horror seize thee, and pangs unfelt before.

3.

I should be surprised indeed, if, while you are doing us wrong, you did not profess your solicitude to do us justice. From the day on which Strongbow set his foot upon the shore of Ireland, Englishmen were never wanting in protestations of their deep anxiety to do us justice ; even Strafford, the deserter of the people's cause- -the renegade Wentworth, who gave evidence in Ireland of the spirit of instinctive tyranny which predominated in his character-even Strafford, while he trampled upon our rights, and trod upon the heart of the country, protested his solicitude to do justice to Ireland! What marvel is it, then, that gentlemen opposite should deal in such vehement protestations?