a clear and extensive view of the sensitive relations of the different members, clauses, and phrases of sentences; and also of the force and power of language.

1. I am`.

EXAMPLES IN INFLECTION AND EMPHASIS.

2. Life is short`.

3. Eternity is long`.

4. Are you prepared'? 5. Will you'?

6. If they return.`

7. Forgive us our sins`.

8. Depart thou`.

9.

10.

Home! home! you idle dolts. Get you home`.
You blocks, you stones', you worse than
Sense less things! Home to your huts`!
You groveling brutes!

What' though the field be lost'?

All is not lost: the unconquerable will`,
And study of revenge`, immortal hate`,
And courage ney`er to submit or yield`.

11. And be thou instructed, oh, Jerusalem', lest my soul' depart from thee; lest I make thee' des`olate, a land not' inhab`ited.

If the members of a concluding series are not emphatic, they all take the rising inflection except the last, which takes the falling inflection; but if emphatic, they all take the falling inflection except the last but one, which takes the rising inflection.

EXAMPLES.

1. The dew is dried up', the star is shot', the flight is past', the man forgot`.

2. He tried each art', reproved each dull delay', allured to brighter worlds', and led the way`.

3. She winks', and giggles', and simpers', and simpers', and giggles', and winks.

4. They will celebrate it with thanksgiving, with festivity', with bonfires', with illuminations.

5. You bring with you marks of honor from Trenton and Monmouth', from Yorktown', Camden', Bennington', and Saratoga`.

6. He was so young', so intelligent', so generous', so brave', so every thing that we are apt to like in a young man`.

7. My doctrine shall drop as the rain', my speech shall distill as the dew', as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass.

In direct address, the name of the person or thing addressed generally receives the rising inflection.

EXAMPLES.

1. Bright angels', strike your loudest strings.

2. Exult, then', Ó sun'! in the strength of thy youth.

3. Salgar', it is Colma who calls! Salgar', my love'! I am here. 4. But hush, my sighs'! fall not, ye drops of useless sorrow'! heartbreaking anguish', choke not my utterance!

5. Awake, voice of sweet song'! Awake, my heart', awake! green vales and icy cliffs, all join my hymn.

6. Wives', submit yourselves unto your own husbands. Husbands', love your wives. Children', obey your parents.

7. I am not mad, most noble Festus', but speak forth the words of truth and soberness.

When emphasis is applied, the names of persons or things addressed generally take the falling inflection.

If very emphatic, all the members may receive the falling inflection.

EXAMPLES.

1. Oh, horrible! Oh, horrible! most horrible!

2. My phial! Ha! it thrills me! I revive!

3. Ha! what a life were this! how sweet! how lovely!

4. But hush! hark! a deep sound strikes like a rising knell`!

5. Mercy! pity! help! help me, my children`! defend me`!

6. Help! help! ho! help! The Moor has killed my mistress! Murder murder!

7. See there again! my bed's on fire! the flames are kindling round my head! the smoke! I'm strangling`— can not fly! fire! water! help! Oh, haste`,. I die!

8. O heaven! methought, what pain it is to drown! What dreadful noise of water in mine ears! What sights of ugly death within mine eyes!

FURTHER EXAMPLES.

1. Are you going to the Rocky Mountains'? Yes.

2. Is Alonzo, the Spanish prisoner, confined in this dungeon'? He is`. 3. Soldier, hast thou a wife'? I have.

4. What can alone ennoble fight? A noble cause`.

5. What sought they thus afar`?__Bright jewels of the mine'? The wealth of seas', the spoils of war'? They sought a faith's pure shrine. 6. What would content you? Talent? No. Enterprise? No. Courage'? No. Reputation'? No. Virtue'? No. The men whom you would elect should possess not one, but all of these.

7. Who is to judge concerning the frequency of these demands? The ministry. Who is to judge whether the money is properly expended`? The Cabinet behind the throne.

8. Are you ignorant of many things which it highly concerns you to know? The gospel offers you instruction'. Have you deviated from the path of duty'? The gospel offers you forgiveness. Do temptations surround you? The gospel offers you the aid of heaven. Are you exposed to misery'? It consoles you. Are you subject to death'? It offers you immortality`.

In Contrast and Antithesis, the inflections alternate for variety.

1. Yes, he is a miracle of genius', because a miracle of labor`.

2. Respectability and character abroad', security and confidence at home`.

3. Dryden is read with frequent astonishment', and Pope with perpetual delight`.

4. Which some suppose inferior,-as the sable' is to ermine`; as smut', to flour; as coal', to alabaster; as crows', to swans; as soot', to driven snow`.

5. They poor', I rich; they beg', I give`; they lack', I lend; they pine', I live.

6. And it shall be, as with the people', so with the priest; as with the servant', so with the master; as with the maid', so with her mistress; as with the buyer', so with the seller; as with the lender', so with the borrower'; as with the taker' of usury, so with the giver of usury to him.

7. God hath a presence in the fold of the flower', the leaf of the tree`, in the sun of noonday', the star of the night; in the storm-cloud of darkness',the rainbow of light; in the waves of the ocean', the furrows of land; in the mountain of granite', the atom of sand`.

8. The tastes of men do differ very considerably. One may relish poetry most'; another takes pleasure in nothing but history. One prefers com'edy'; another, tragedy. One admires the simple', another the ornamen`tal style. The young are amused with gay and sprightly compositions'; the elderly are more entertained with those of a grav`er cast. Some nations delight in bold pictures of manners', and strong representations of passions'; others incline to more correct and regular elegance, both in description' and sentiment. Though all differ', yet all pitch upon some one beauty' which peculiarly suits their turn of mind; and, therefore, no one has a right to condemn the rest`.

The parenthetical clauses will take the same inflection at the close, that marks the word preceding the parentheses.

1. After dinner, he retired (as was his custom') to his bed-chamber, where (it is recorded') he slept quietly, for about a quarter of an hour.

2. May the like serenity (in such dreadful circumstances'), and a death equally glorious, be the lot of all whom tyranny (of whatever denomination or description') shall (in any age or in any country') call to expatiate their virtues on the scaffold.

3. Then went the captain with the officers, and brought the apostles without violence; (for they feared the people, lest they should have been stoned;) and when they had brought them, they set them before the council'.

The following is an example of variety in emphasis:

Are they He'brews? So am I. Are they Is'raelites? So am I. Are they the seed of Aʼbraham? So am I. Are they the Ministers of Christ'? I am more`.

Sir, I thank the government for this measure." (Same cadence on thank.") "I insist on this point; I urge it; nay, I demand it." (Same on "insist," "urge," and "demand."

THE EMPHATIC TIE.

By the Emphatic Tie, we mean the application of emphasis to words which do not otherwise require distinction, merely for the purpose of associating those ideas, or separated parts of a sentence, which can not, by any other mode of vocal syntax, be brought together; or can not be exhibited in their natural grammatical dependence. The process of this function may be easily understood; for regulated words, however disjointed in composition, are at once brought within the field of hearing, in their relationship, whenever they are raised into attractive importance by any form of emphatic distinction. Good reading or speaking consists in the continual variety of light and shade, produced by the proper adjustment of these functions.

Distant words, having a sensific relation to each other, will have this relation exhibited very clearly by giving them some form of emphasis, thereby elevating them, and joining or tieing them (as it were) together, in a sense-making manner

About her middle round,

A cry of HELL-HOUNDS, never-ceasing, BARKED,
With wide, Cerberian mouths, full loud, and RUNG

A hideous peal.

The main current of thought, in this passage, is interrupted by slurring the two expletives intervening between the emphatic words. The different parts of the main current, which are separated by the cross-currents, must be connected by the use of the Emphatic Tie, which should be placed on the words "hell-hounds," "barked," and "rung." The main current of this passage consists of the following:

A cry of hell-hounds.

The cross-currents are:

About her middle round,
barked

-and rung a hideous peal.

never ceasing - With wide Cerberian mouths, full loud

When CHEERFULNESS, a nymph of healthiest hue,
Her bow across her shoulder flung,

Her buskins gemm'd with morning dew,

BLEW an INSPIRING AIR, that dale and thicket rung,
The HUNTER'S CALL, to Fawn and Dryad known.

The words "inspiring air," and "hunter's call," are in apposition; but their intervening matter might make "rung" pass for a transitive, instead of an intransitive verb, and thereby render "call" the object to

it. To show, therefore, that by "hunter's call" the author means the same as by "inspiring air," previously mentioned, these words should receive strong emphasis, and the intervening clause slurred. This is the best mode for restoring to the ear that natural order which is inverted in the sentence. Perspicuity may also be aided a little, by emphasizing cheerfulness," and slightly slurring what follows it unto the end of the third line.

66

But the Jews did not BELIEVE, concerning him, that he had been blind and received his sight, until they called the PARENTS of him that had received his sight.

And they CAST him OUT. JESUS HEARD that they had cast him out; and when he had found him, he said unto him, Dost thou BELIEVE on the SON of GOD? He answered, and said, WHO is he, Lord, that I MIGHT believe on him?

And SEND'ST HIM, shivering in thy playful spray,
And howling to his gods, WHERE happy LIES
His petty HOPE in some near port or bay.

And then he beheld, enjoying a sweet and tranquil SLUMBER, the man, who, by the doom of himself and his fellows, was to DIE within the SHORT SPACE of TWO HOURS.

HIS FRIEND, who was apprised of the state he was in, and who naturally concluded he was ill, OFFERED him some WINE.

It is obvious that the audible means for displaying the sense of discourse is greatly contributive to the analysis necessary to present a clear picture of thought in delivery, and can not fail to reveal the latent beauties, as well as defects, of composition.

The Art of Rhetoric can not but be greatly assisted by that of Elocution, since a careful consideration of the nice sensific relations of words in written language, is constantly necessary in the art of Rhetoric.

THE WAVE OF THE CIRCUMFLEX.

The Circumflex is a union of the inflections, and is of two kinds: Rising and Falling.

It is governed by the same principle as inflections; that is, positive assertions of irony, raillery, etc., will have the Falling Circumflex; and all negative assertions of double meaning, will have the Rising.

Doubt, pity, contrast, grief, supposition, comparison, irony, implication, sneering, raillery, scorn, reproach, and contempt, are expressed by them.