Why, in that elder day, to be a Roman
Was greater than a king! And once again—
10 Hear me, ye walls that echoed to the tread
Of either Brutus! once again, I swear
The Eternal City shall be free!

3.

HIGH PITCH SHOUTING.

Hark! The bell! the bell!

The knell of tyranny! the mighty voice
That, to the city and the plain, to earth
And listening heaven, proclaims the glorious tale
Of Rome re-born, and freedom!

VOLUME AND VARIETY

Of Voice, in the different degrees of pitch in transition, may be secured by practicing the Diatonic Scale, in which the order of succession is by skips of tones and semi-tones.

The Chromatic Scale is used in elocution, for expressions of plaintiveness. The skips are semi-tones only.

That the student avoid the habit of "sing-song," the scale may be spoken, instead of sung; as in the sentence

Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean!

8. do (ps) Roll on, thou dark -7. si

6. la

-5.-sol ●-( p1) Roll on, thou dark blu
4. fa

-3.-mi

2. re

-1-do--(p3) Roll on thou dark blue oce
7. si
-6.-la-

5. sol (p2) Roll on, thou dark blue ocean.
-4.-fa-

3. mi '(p1) Roll on, thou dark blue ocean.

FORCE AND STRESS OF VOICE.

Force is loudness and strength of tone. The degrees may be expressed by the terms loud and soft, strong and weak, forcible and feeble.

For practice of Force, select a sentence, and utter it, without reference to the sense, in a loud tone, then soft, then strong, then weak, etc.

EXAMPLE-Hail! holy light!

Very particular attention should be given to the subject of Force, since that expression, which is so very important in elocution, is almost altogether dependent on some one or other modification of this attribute of the voice. It may truly be considered the light and shade of a proper intonation.

Loud and soft are frequently united with high and low; but they are not necessarily connected, though they very frequently are. Yet a sound may be loud and low, as well as loud and high; and it may be soft and high, as well as soft and low.

The degrees of Force may be represented in the following notation. The upper line gives the notes of song — the lower, the notes of speech:

All the different modifications of Force should be applied on the above table, and this should be a very frequent exercise, until the different DEGREES of force can be given on every modification of stress.

Force is loudness and strength of tone, applied in a general manner; and Stress is the application of Force, at the beginning, middle, or ending of the tone, or at the beginning and ending. As used by Dr. Rush, Stress is the manner of rendering Force perceptible or impressive in single sounds.

The classification of the forms of Stress is as follows:

1st. Radical Stress, or that in which the force of utterance is usually more or less "explosive," and falls on the initial, or first part of a sound. 2nd. Median Stress, that in which the force is expulsive or effusive, and swells out, whether slowly or rapidly, at the middle of a sound.

3rd. Vanishing Stress, or that which withholds the expulsive or explosive force, till the "vanish," or last moment of the sound.

4th. Compound Stress, or that in which the voice, with more or less of explosive force, touches forcefully and distinctly on both the initial and the final points of a sound, but passes slightly and almost imperceptibly over the middle part.

These forms of Stress may be represented to the eye by the following diagram:

NOTE. Apply the greatest force to the word "out," at the beginning of the above sentence, and you have the effect of Radical Stress.

2.

And reckon'st thou thyself with spirits of Heaven,
Hell-doomed, and breathest defiance here, and scorn
Where I reign king, and, to enrage thee more,
Thy king and Lord? Back to thy punishment,
False fugitive! and. to thy speed add wings,
Lest with a whip of scorpions I pursue

Thy lingering; or, with one stroke of this dart,

Strange horror seize thee, and pangs unfelt before!

3.

The universal cry is—Let us march against Philip, let us fight for our liberties, let us conquer or die!

4.

MIXTURE OF RADICAL, VANISHING, AND COMPOUND STRESS.
The game's a foot!

Follow your spirit, and upon this charge,

Cry God for Harry, England, and Saint George!

NOTE. -Vanishing on "foot" Radical on "Follow;" Compound on and all are applied on the last line.

VANISHING STRESS.

1.

I, an itching palm ?

You know that you are Brutus that speaks this,
Or, by the gods, this speech were else your last.
Must I budge?

Must I observe you? Must I stand and crouch
Under your testy humor?

O, ye gods! ye gods! must I endure all this?
Must I give way and room to your rash choler?
Shall I be frighted when a madman stares?

2.

Thou slave! thou wretch! thou coward!

Thou little valiant, great in villainy!

Thou ever strong upon the strongest side!

Thou Fortune's champion, thou dost never fight
But when her humorous ladyship is by

To teach thee safety!

3.

"this charge;"

We've sworn, by our country's assaulters,
By the virgins they've dragged from our altars,
By our massacred patriots, our children in chains,
By our heroes of old, and their blood in our veins,
That living, we will be victorious,

Or that dying, our deaths shall be glorious.

MEDIAN STRESS.

Smoothness and dignity are the characteristics of this kind of stress. It gives emphasis without sharpness or violence.

EXAMPLES.
1.

High on a throne of royal fame, which far
Out-shines the wealth of Or-mus and of Ind.

2.

Roll on, thou dark and deep blue ocean, roll.

3.

We praise thee, O God, we acknowledge thee to be the Lord.

4.

Father! Thy hand

Hath reared these venerable columns; Thou

Didst weave this verdant roof; Thou didst look down
Upon the naked earth; and, forthwith, rose

All these fair ranks of trees. They in Thy sun
Budded, and shook their green leaves in Thy breeze,
And shot towards heaven. The century-living crow,
Whose birth was in their tops, grew old and died
Among their branches, till, at last, they stood,
As now they stand, massy, and tall, and dark,-
Fit shrine for humble worshiper to hold
Communion with his Maker!

5.

How are the mighty fallen! Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives; and in their death they were not divided; they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights; who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel! How are the mighty fallen in the midst of battle! O Jonathan! thou wast slain in thy high places! How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished!

6.

Oh! sing unto the Lord a new song; for he hath done marvelous things: his right hand and his holy arm hath gotten him the victory. Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all the earth: make a loud noise, and rejoice, and sing praise. Sing unto the Lord with the harp; with the harp, and the voice of a psalm.