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CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
THE BACKGROUND TO THE LITERATURE..
Four main Factors-(1)(Humanism The contrast between the Christian
and the pagan philosophy of life-Its effect in art-On living conditions-
In entertainments-On dress-On jewelry-On dining-On morality-
On the attitude toward children-On the attitude toward marriage-
(2) The Copernican system+The medieval conception of the supernatu-
ral-The medieval attitude toward nature-Sanitation of old London-
Disease Remedies-Cheapness of death (3) The geographic dis-
coveries The desire for communication with the Far East-The diffusion
of this idea-The extension of it in practice-Its effect upon literature-
(4) The invention of printing Fifteenth century England-Scanty
population-Two planes of literature-The political situation-Henry
VII-The problems arising from his accession to the throne-The per-
sonality of Henry VIII.
PAGE
1
CHAPTER II
THE MEDIEVAL TRADITION....
The effect upon literature of the historical situation-The change in pro-
nunciation-The difficulty in writing-Chaucer surviving largely by his
content-Lydgate the great source of inspiration-The formal literary
tradition-Its characteristics-The Flower and the Leaf-The Assembly
of Ladies The Court of Love-Its language-Its content-Stephen Hawes
-His theory of poetry-The Example of Virtue-The Pastime of Pleas
ure-The similarity between them-The sources-The Godfrey Gobelive
episode-The romantic elements-The Comfort of Lovers-Hawes verse
experiments-His reputation-Skelton-The Bowge of Court-Its con-
creteness-Its satire-His relation to Barclay-The interpretation of the
allegory-Heywood-The Spider and the Flye-Its characteristics-Its
interpretation-The use of comic detail-The use of the dilemma-The
use of alliteration-Pseudo-Chaucerian influence.
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THE SCHOLASTIC TRADITION...
CHAPTER III
The dominance of the Church-The familiarity with Medieval Latin-Its
extensive use-The medieval poetics-Influence on English for the form
only-The Colores-In arrangement of words-Latin tags-The effect
120
upon English vocabulary-The rithm-The stanza forms-The Not-
browne Mayde-Skelton-His reading-His humanism-His lyrics-His
use of Latin-The Skeltonic verse-Its origin-His satires-The problem
of dating-His loyalty-Colin Clout-His attack upon Wolsey-Why
Come Ye Not to Court?-The continuation of Colin Clout-The Reply-
cacion-The theory of poetry-Its dedication-Polemic dialogues—A
Proper Dialogue—Rede Me and Be nott Worthe—Phillip Sparrow-Elynour
Rummyng-Skelton and the Humanists-London Lickpenny-Cocke
Lorrelles Bote-The Hye Way to the Spittal Hous-Realism.
HUMANISM..
CHAPTER IV
The connotation of Humanism—Its gradual growth—Skelton as a Human-
ist-Italy the pioneer-Humanism in England-Alexander Barclay-
The Eclogues-Ship of Fools-Mirror of Good Manners-Henry Brad-
shaw-John Heywood-Humanism of the Oxford group-Its artificiality—
Its morality-Its relation to the Reformation-Sir Thomas More-
Utopia-Its modernity-Its criticism-Its intellectuality-Erasmus—
His feeling toward England-His popularity—His morality-His ra-
tionalism-Colloquia-His attitude toward reform-Humanism versus
Scholasticism in education-The aim-The three great theorists-The
growth of the movement in England-The aim-Physical exercise-
Classic heroes-Expurgations-The effect upon English literature-The
effect on teaching-On the vernacular—Education of Women-English
Verse — Totteľ's Miscellany - Wyatt — Uncertain Authors Nicholas
Grimald-His pedantry-Origin of blank verse— -Ascham the theorist and
Grimald the exponent.
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CHAPTER V
THE INFLUENCE OF CONTEMPORARY LITERATURES...
The effect of Spanish upon English-Celestina-Lord Berners-Golden
Book-Its popularity-Its content-Image of Governance-Sir Francis
Bryan-Dispraise of the Life of a Courtier-Germany-Trade relations-
Reformation-The Assertio-Situation in England-Literary results-
Tyndale's New Testament-Supplicacyon for the Beggars-More's reply-
The polemic dialogue-Rede me and be not wrothe-Coverdale-Sternhold
-The jest books-Salomon and Marcolphus-Van Doesborgh-Laurens
Andrewe Parson of Kalenborowe-Tyll Howleglas-Realism-France-
The effect upon the language-Castle of Labour-Colyn Blowbol's Testa-
ment - Jyl of Brentford's Testament - Ballade - Rondeau - Clement
Marot-The Court-Tottel's Miscellany-Wyatt-Italy-Wyatt-Uncer-
tain Authors-The prose-Morte Darthur-Froissart-Huon of Burdeaux
-Kalendayr of shyppards.
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CHAPTER VI
HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF SURREY...
The text doubtful-Surrey's rank-His family connections-His char-
acter-His religious feeling-His death-“Fair Geraldine"-Compared
with Wyatt-His language-Marot-Uncertain Authors-His medieval-
ism-Psalms-Vergil-Blank verse-Summary.
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EARLY TUDOR POETRY
1485-1547