surprised me. Why a subject, that admits of clear mathematical demonstration, and in which the whole nation is interested, should not be made plain at once, really appeared to be somewhat mysterious yet such being the fact, I determined to go through with an examination. In the annual report, we find the secretary states the estimate of receipts for 1821 at dots. *16,550,000 And the expenditures at 21,370,000 Balance against the treasury on the 1st Jan. 2,630,000 24,000,000 Making a balance against the treasury of 7,450,000 And he proposed to borrow 7,000,000 nuary at Leaving a deficiency of only In all this the committee of ways and means join the secretary with full accord. But having now arrived at a very important part of the investiga tion, I shall exhibit tabular documents of the statements of each party, and let them speak for them. selves, and shall then submit a few calculations as to my opinion of the future. Your valuable REGISTER is a grand depository for this kind of work. Table of probable receipts and expenditures for each of the four years immediately succeeding 1821, by the secretary of the treasury. RECEIPTS. $18,500,000 Bank dividends, at 6 per cent. 420,000 In the supplementary report the secretary assumes 4,200,000 21,700,000 80,000 21,500,000 But he still thinks it will be necessary to borrow In the report of the committee of ways and means the income of 1821 is estimated at laneous $2,000,000 5,477,000 The expenditures at only 17,000,000 And the balance against the treasury 1st January-at 4,580,000 Navy do. 3,420,000 Because--"There is no just reason to doubt that any sum, which may be necessary to be raised by loan, can be obtained upon favorable terms;" and, "it is probable that the surplus of the revenue, after satisfying all demands upon the treasury, authorized by existing laws, during the years 1822, 3, 4, will But, "if the report of the committee should appear be equal to the redemption of any debt which may to the house as one to be relied upon, then the be contracted in 1821." It is therefore "respectamount to be provided for will only be three mil-fully submitted that the president of the United lion and eighty thousand dollars." Who shall agree when doctors differ? Who would have expected discordances of opinion among gentlemen vested with the highest official authority, on a subject that is susceptible of the most lucid demonstration? I believe the enigma will be solved by paying a little attention to the lease of our national revenue. The revenue is bottomed upon foreign commerce, and this has been in a state of rapid depreciation and promises to be still more so; They then exhibit the produce of the customs but our political economists, at the head of the for 1817, '18, '19, '20, as a basis, and state that they finances, are unwilling to encounter that idea. It think it very probable the amount for the years is really amusing to observe how tenaciously they | 1822, 3 and 4 will be equal to the average, which is cling to the old subject, and resist all idea of any $17,868,000; but they are willing to make allownew modification. The secretary of the treasury, ance for contingencies and reduce it to $17,000,000, in the annual report of 1819, after announcing the with which, as a starting point, we shail exhibit the melancholy tidings, that there was a deficiency in following the revenue of $5,000,000, throws in a consolotary paragraph, stating that it was probable the estimate (of income) for succeeding years, would exceed rather than fall below that of 1820; which was taken fat $22,335,000. But, lo! the stubborn fact turns out to be that the amount actually received, ex clusive of loans, and something about repayments, is only $17,700,000, being a deficiency of more than $4,600,000! Still, however, the secretary clings to the old subject with the utmost pertinacity. The deficiency can easily be supplied by borrowing in the mean time, and the revenue of future years will bring all to rights! "Leaving, as the committee observes, a surplus] Adding the tonnage, &c. the customs may be as of $5,073,000 per annum; from which will be de-sumed at $10,500,000. 7th. Unless such change takes place, the returns from the public lands will be very limited, and the price is now very low. ducted the interest on any loan that may be autho- 6th. Unless a change takes place favorable to inrized during the present year." ternal industry, the bank of the United States will The committee express an opinion "that the re-not be able to make a fair dividend of more than venue which will be received in the present year, 3 per cent. will be adequate to the expenses of the govern ment; and, should no changes take place, the revenue will, in their opinion, during the years of 1822, 3 and 4, be not only equal to the expenses of the government, but afford such a surplus applicable to the loan of the last year, and any that may be authorized for this year, as will, before the first day of January, 1825, fully repay the amount bor 1owed." "They, therefore, submit their opinion against any immediate imposition of an excise on domestic spirits, or of any new duty on, or prohibition of, the importation of foreign spirits." [Report of com. of ways and means. The sum and substance of the whole procedure seems to have for its object 1. To prevent any modification of the tariff law. 2. To prevent the imposition of any internal States. 4. And to hold out the prospect of a plentiful revenue in the years 1822, 3 and 4, or during the period of the present administration. Believing that this prospect is utterly fallacious, and calculated to perpetuate a system which has already led the United States into scenes of desolation and distress, unexampled in the history of nations, I shall now endeavor to expose it to public view by exhibiting the probable result, during the next four years. As my views are deduced from reasoning totally different from the secretary of the treasury, and the committee of ways and means, I shall premise my statements with the following theo rems or axioms. 8th. Our present public debt is $91,680,000, on which the annual charge is $5,477,000. 9th. There must be borrowed this year Which will augment the debt to And the interest to $7,000,000 98,680,000 5,890,000 10th. The probability is, that the good sense of the country will prevent valuable establishments, which have been built up at great expense, from being suddenly pulled down, and the army establishment will cost about $6,000,000, and the navy about $4,000,000 per annum. 11th. The people of Europe are not likely to go to war for our accommodation; but, if they should, the result would not be much in our favor, for paper currency has played its card there as well as here, and the people are exhausted. From these data, then, the following estimates for the present and three succeeding years are made: 1821. EXPENDITURES. 13,000,000 Civil, diplomatic, &c. 2,000,000 2,000,000 War department Bauk dividend, 3 p. et. 210,000 Naval Arrears of taxes Miscellaneous •Customs 1st. The surplus cash, credit, and public and bank Miscellaneous stock of the United States, having been already expended on foreign commerce, the trade will here. after "regulate itself." 2d. An important part of this regulation will be, by limiting the imports within the exports, which alone can afford the means of payment. 3d. There is no probability that our exports will exceed $50,000,000+ for this and the ensuing three Jears. 4th. We are probably owing above $50,000,000 abroad, and the interest of it, being $3,000,000, must be paid from our exports. 5th. Therefore, the imports which we can really pay for, will probably not exceed $47,000,000. The present duties average about 22 per cent. on the imports; making, on $47,000,000, $10,300,000.— "As there is no recorded example in the history | of nations, of a reduction of the currency so rapid and so extensive, so, but few examples have occurred of distress so general and so severe as that which has been exhibited in the United States." [Sec'ry of the treasury's report, 12th Feb. 1820. The exports of 1819 were $50,976,838; of which about 28,700,000 was for cotton and tobacco. The exports for 1820, were 51,684,000; of which amount $30,000,000 was for cotton and tobacco. The exports of cotton and tobacco for 1821, will probably not exceed 24,000,000—and the whole not above 45,000,000. •Customs 6,000,000 do. 4,000,000 50,000 Incidental 50,000 Indians Public debt Dolls. 15,310,000 50,000 30,000 † 5,890,000 17,970,000 15,310,000 Bank dividend Customs Lands Balance to be borrowed!!! Allowance is made in these years for the current bonds of this year, and bonds of preceding years lying over. The payment of the balance of the Louisiana debt, does not seem to be calculated upon by our correspondent.-ED. Reg. If these results are correctly anticipated, and I cannot see but they are, should our present system be pursued, so far will our finances be from the condition presumed by the secretary of the treasury, and the committee of ways and means, in 1825, that we will actually have plunged deeper into debt by nearly thirty millions of dollars, and have no appear ance of getting out of it but by a radical change of system; which, however, will then assuredly take place. But, indeed, I am of your opinion, Mr. Niles, that 1822 will probably put a stop to the present system, because the people will not longer bear it. We have been running in debt year after year since 1819, and still encouraging delusive notions that subsequent years would mend. It is my opinion that our circumstances will never mend by foreign commerce; and SOMETHING MUST BE DONE "to support national industry—the free labor of the United States: for it is this that supports the government in peace and defends it in war." I quote your own language, because the sentiment is noble. It ought to be quoted as a motto and rung in the ears of the country weekly-aye, until the system of policy be changed? If this rapid view merits attention, I shall shortly send you a plan for improving the condition of society in the United States, which, I am of opinion, would, if adopted, not only prevent us from plunging further into debt, but would protect and encourage every branch of national industry; while it would, at the same time, enable us to raise the neces sary revenue, without a cent of internal taxes. Statistical Articles. X. Statistics of Europe and America.—A French journal has published the following statistical table of the several states of Europe, and of the U. States of America: France. Population, 29 millions of inhabitants; revenue, 300 millions of francs; public debt, 3 mil. liards 466 millions, or four times its revenue. Austria. Population, 28 millions of inhabitants; revenue, 300 millions of francs; debt, 1 milliard 800 millions, or six times its revenue. Spain, (in Europe). Population, 11 milions; revenue, 160 millions of francs; debt, 3 milliards, or 19 times its revenue. Greut Britain. Population, in Europe, 17 mil. lions; in Asia, 54 millions; in America, 2 millions of inhabitants: total, under the English dominion, 73 millions of inhabitants; revenue, 1 milliard 155 millions of francs; debt, 19 milliards, or 18 times its revenue. The Netherlands, (comprising the colonies). Population, 6 millions of inhabitants; revenue, 166 millions of francs; debt, 34 milliards, or 20 times their revenue. Prussia. Population, 11 millions of inhabitants, revenue, 170 millions of francs; debt, 977 millions, or four times its revenue. Russia, (including Poland). Population, 52 millions; revenue, 350 millions; debt, 600 millions, or nearly double its revenue. nual proportion of mortality to population was 1 to 30. By a calculation made by Dr. Price, the mortality of London was 1 to 20 of the population; in Manchester 1 to 28; in Liverpool 1 to 274; in Scotland about as 1 to 50." The general average in England, is now, however, estimated at 1 in 49-see present vol. 341. Maine. Washington county, in this state, had 4,461 inhabitants in 1800, and, by the census just taken, 13,725. Other counties appear to have had a proportional increase, Chautauque county, N. Y. had only 2,331 inhabitants in 1810-but now contains 12,555. Census of the City of New-York for 1820. The United States of America. Population, 12 [10] millions; revenue, 130 millions of francs; debt, 463 | Walnut millions, or three times their revenue. Portland, Maine-population by the late census, 8581-deaths in 1820, 136; proportion of deaths to population as 1 to 63; an extraordinary instance of healthiness. "In Norway, the proportion of deaths to population is as 1 to 48; in St. Petersburg, as 1 to 28; in France, before the revolution, the an 4,781 5,687 621 6,308 5,629 391.. 6,020 3,192 283 3,475 2,917 414 3,331 5,687 1,775 7,463 5,188 2,416 7,604 1,182 5,325 556 5,892 2,219 496 2,415 2,776 156 2,932 Chesnut *One slave. der 1 year 157; from 1 to 5, 156; 5 to 10, 27; 10 to 2,69920, 57; 20 to 30, 131; 30 to 40, 99; 40 to 50, 94; 50 2,143 to 60, 69; 60 to 70, 43; 70 to 80, 40; 80 to 90, 25, 3,062 90 to 100, 4, (females)—unknown 112. Population 1,839 at the late census 43,893. 4,606 Principal diseases-Infantile 163; fevers 109, of 2,871 whom 43 were typhus; consumption 220; intempe. 2,182 rance 31; apoplexy 10; dispepsia 11; dropsy 14, 7,118 fits 15; old age 39; paralysis 16; whooping cough 3,498 24; &c. 14,413 44,421 New-York-bills of mortality, city and county. Whole number of deaths 3,515-males 1,926, females 1,589. Under 1 year 867; 1 to 2, 361; 2 to 5, 254; 5 to 10, 125; 10 to 20, 176; 20 to 50, 418; 30 3,101 to 40, 409; 40 to 50, 359; 50 to 60, 224; 60 to 70, 1,810 156; 70 to 80, 101; 80 to 90, 46; 90 to 100, 17; 100 1,284 to 110, 2. 4,329 Principal diseases-Apoplexy, 54; consump1,684 tion, 625; convulsions, 205; dropsy, 116; do. in the 2,623 head, 147; dysentery, 242; fever, 130; typhus 143, 868 bilious 13, remittent 25, all other fevers 48; flux, 443 infantile, 169; hives, 97; inflammations of all sorts, 1,405 210-of which 99 were of the chest, and 58 of the 1,315 bowels; measles, 74; old age, 100; still born, 189; 3,953 tapes mesenterica, 113-all other cases under 50. 1,630 No case of the small pox-14 by infanticide, and 2,655 28 by intemperance. 967 Greatest number of deaths in August, 503; fewest in February, 187. 28,157 Philadelphia-bills of mortality for 1820, city and 44,421 liberties, Whole number of deaths 3,374-adults 1;693; children 1,681. Under 1 year, 835; from 1 72,578 to 2, 307; 2 to 5, 241; 5 to 10, 130; 10 to 15, 74; 15 63,695 to 20, 101; 20 to 30, 443; 30 to 40, 396; 40 to 50,313, 50 to 60, 202; 60 to 70, 152; 70 to 80, 96; 80 to 90, 133,273 61; 90 to 100, 18; 100 to 110, S; 110 to 120, 2. 53,722 Principal diseases-consumption of the lungs, 57,486 446; convulsions, 162; cholera morbus, 263; debili ty, 162; dropsy, 77; do. in the head, 115; dysentery, 127; diarrhea, 64; fever 71, typhus 109, bilious 154, malignant 73, remittent 77, other fevers, 81; hives, 89; inflammation of the lungs, 106; all other inflammations, 146; still born 185-all else under 50 cases. 111,210 It will, therefore, be seen that the population of the city and county of Philadelphia has increased 25,063 souls since 1810. Frederick county, Maryland, contains 31,997 free whites, 1777 free people of color, and 6685 slaves; of whom 6891 are engaged in agriculture, 3015 in manufactures, and 260 in commerce-and 642 are foreigners not naturalized. Total population in 1790, 30,791; do, in 1820, 40,459. It may be ob served, that this is the greatest farming county in the state; yet the manufacturers are nearly half as numerous as the agriculturists, assisting and making a market for each other, Talbot county, Md. contains 14,289 persons; of whom 7387 are whites, 2234 free people of celor and 4668 slaves of the whole 3500 are engaged in agriculture, 675 in manufactures, and 182 in com merce. The census of 1810 gave an aggregate of 14,230-increase in ten years 59. Cincinnati has a population of 9732-in 1805 the whole amount was about 500. Charleston. The population of this city, as just ascertained by the census, is 24,780; and of Charleston neck 12,691-thus In the city neck Whites. Blacks. Total. 10,653 14,127 24,780 4,305 8,305 12,691 14,958 22,432 37,481 Of the aggregate of blacks, 3,062 are free persons. Georgetown district contains 17,660 persons, of whom 15,773 are blacks. No case by the small pox, and 31 by drunkenness. 955 780 Longevity. From a Connecticut paper--addressed to the editor. In your last you published a case of remarkable longevity' from the New-Haven Journal. The account mentions seven persons, resid. ing in New-Haven and Hampden, children of the same family, whose aggregate ages amount to 512 Boston. Bills of mortality for the year 1820. years, and their average ages to 73 years and oneWhole number of deaths 1163-Still born 89; un-seventh.' There is a family of five persons, natives of this town, two brothers and three sisters, three of them residing in the town, whose aggregate ages amount to 410 years, making an average of 82 years. The father and two children died of an epedemic disease 63 years ago. The mother died some years after. No other deaths have taken place in the family. A. B. East Windsor, Jan. 19, 1821. SOUTH CAROLINA. Abstracts from a general statement of the actual receipts and expenditures of the state of South Carolina, for the fiscal year ending Oct. 1, 1820. Pennsylvania. This state holds 2,108,700 dollars in bank stock; 1,006,200 dollars in turnpike roads; and 382,000 dollars in bridges. ces. Pennsylvania state prison contained on the 1st of January, 1820, 464 persons; of whom 424 were males and 40 females-during the year, 203 males and 27 females, were received, for different offen. In the same year 30 died, 51 were discharged by pardon, 182 by serving out their time, and I by a reversal of sentence. Of the 687 which were in prison in the year 1820, 424 were white, and 263 black persons. Valuation of Maine. Aggregate of the polls and estates in Maine, according to returns made to the legislature, Jan. 1821: Counties. York Polls. Estates. Army, arsenals, and adjutant ge Lincoln 10,692 3,153,707 35 neral (2,000) 25,313-29,493 95 Free schools and colleges 55,895 60 Annuities (about 9000 to state per sioners) 22,087 36 Transient poor 11,000 00 Civil engineer 2,000; map of the state 19,663 35; state printer 1,850 23,513 35 Internal improvements--public works 353,119; buildings 50,262, &c. Contingencies 16,121 68 6,358 00 Comptroller, treasurer, &c. Sundries 3,332 33 Foreign Articles. "HOLY ALLIANCE." The marquis Wellesly, it is said, is to succeed lord Stewart, as British minister, at the court of Vienna, and at the council of the sovereigns. But the Courier states that lord Stewart is not coming home. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. A number of addresses to the king, expressive of attachment to his "sacred person," &c. are getting 94,352 89 up in England and Scotland. But a meeting called for the purpose at Liverpool broke up in great com. fusion. 108,972 54 155,466 93 5,351 86 107,593 95 4,320 08 3,599 18 488,779 69 The queen's affairs are still the subject of genes ral conversation in England. The ardor of her friends have not abated. Mr. Canning has resigned, and intends to take up his residence for some time on the continent. He was considered as "the Achilles" of the ministry. Something wicked is going on-the ministers are 687,657 71 piping their members of parliament to quarters. When a minister of the United States shall do this, 488,779 66 we hope that a man will be left to cut off his ears, without ceremony: to de a lawful act against the law. 198,878 02 100,287 37 Due by the United States upwards of 250,000 00 $350,287 37 Alabama. From the report of the comptroller of the state of Alabama, it appears that the receipts into the treasury, from the 1st Nov. 1819, to the 13th Nov. 1820, were $49,906; of which $33,699 arose from taxes, $10,000 loaned, and the residue from the sale of lands, &c. The expenditures from the 1st of November, 1819, to the 6th November, 1820, were $48,971, of which $28,131, were paid to the legislature. Charleston. 230 ships, 215 brigs, 557 schooners, and 343 sloops, arrived at the port of Charleston in 1820-and 210 ships, 203 brigs, 587 schooners, and 355 sloops, cleared therefrom. Of the ships that arrived, 193 were American, 24 British, 5 French, 3 Hamburg, 1 Danish, 1 Prussian and 2 Dutch-of the brigs, 166 were American, 27 British, 13 French, 3 Bremen and 3 Swedish. Edinburg has petitioned for a dismissal of ministers. Mr. Jeffrey delivered a "luminous speech" in favor of the measure. Sir H. Davy has been elected president of the Royal Society, in the room of Sir Joseph Banks, deceased. A house has failed in London for 500,0001. The bank of England will cause an issue of notes on the plan of our countrymen, Perkins, Fairman & Co. 70,000 are struck off in a day of the 17. bills; the issue averages 60,000 at present. 39 persons were sentenced to death at the late sittings at the Old Bailey. The Devonshire bank has failed. 2,000. have been obtained for breach of promise of marriage A Mr. Wright has obtained a verdict against Cobbett, of 10007. damages, for libelling his character. Cobbett plead his own cause. The celebrated Mr. Hunt has been fined 100. for selling a substitute for coffee, not pretending it was any thing else than what he sold it for. The free American can hardly conceive a state of socie |