treasury, for the war and navy departments, from was transferred to the said Stephenson, by the said the 30th day of November, 1919, to the 13th day Hili. Upon this resolution the speaker observed, that of November instant; an account of transfers made during the last recess of congress, from one appro-the more regular, and, he thought, the only corpriation to another, and the aggregate amount of rect practice was, for the party asking relief to set payments made during the same period, by the out his claim in a memorial or petition, addressed treasurer, as agent for the war and navy depart-to the house. ments, during the same period. Mr. Foot moved for the consideration of a proposition submitted by him a few days ago, respect. ing the discipline of the navy; but the house refused now to consider it. After some remarks from Messrs. Culpepper and Cocke, against the practice, and Mr. Cook, in support of the resolution, it was negatived. The speaker laid before the house a letter from the secretary of the treasury, transmitting, The house then again resolved itself into a com-in obedience to a resolution of the house of the 'mittee of the whole, Mr. Hill in the chair,, on the resolution declaring the admission of Missouri into the union on an equal footing with the original states. Mr. Storrs, of New-York, in a speech of about an hour's length, assigned the reasons which would induce him to vote against the resolution. 5th instant the latest return made to the treasury department, of the general state of the bank of the United States and its offices; which letter was read, and with the statement, ordered to bʊ printed. The engrossed bill to amend the act to alter the terms of the circuit and district courts of the DisMr. P. Barbour, of Virginia, in a speech of some-trict of Columbia, was read the third time, passed, what greater length, defended the resolution, and and sent to the senate for concurrence. vindicated the right of Missouri to the form of admission into the union. When Mr. Barbour concluded, there seemed not to be a disposition in any person to rise. The house having resumed the consideration of the resolve declaring the admission of the state of Missouri into the union Mr. A. Smyth, of Virginia, delivered a speech of two hour's length in support of it, and Mr. Strong, Mr. Smyth, of Va. said that he wished to pre-of New York, a speech of one hour's length against sent his views on the subject, but was not prepar-it. ed to do so this afternoon. He therefore asked that the committee should rise, and ask leave to sit again. The committee, however, refused to rise. Mr. Archer, of Va. said, that he, too, wished to address the house on this question, but was prevented from doing so to-day by bodily indisposi tion. Another motion for the committee to rise was negatived. When, on motion of Mr. Nelson, of Virginia, Monday, Dec. 11. Mr. Sergeant, from the com. mittee on the judiciary, delivered in the following report: The committee on the judiciary, to whom was referred the memorial of the legislative council and house of representatives of the territory of Arkansas, complaining of the delay and denial of justice, from the neglect and non-attendance of the judges At length, however, after one or two more re-appointed for that territory, report: fusals, the committee rose and reported the resolution to the house; and, after several meffectual attempts, a motion at length prevailed to lay it on the table. That, if the cause of complaint still continued, it would certainly call for the interposition of this house to endeavor to remove it. But, upon enqui ry at the department of state, the committee have had the satisfaction to learn that the two judges of And the house adjourned. Satarday, Dec. 9. Sundry petitions were receiv-whom the complaint was made, have resigned, and ed, and also a bill from the committee of ways and others have been appointed in their place, who, it means making a partial appropriation for the mili-is hoped and believed, will feel a just sense of the tary service of the year 1821. offer the following resolution: Resolved, That the committee be discharged from the further consideration of the memorial. duty that belongs to their station, and perform it accordingly. If, in this respect, there should again On motion of Mr. Cacke, it was Resolved, That the secretary of war be directed be a failure, it will then be necessary to consider to communicate to this house any information he of the propriety of some act which will not only may possess, tending to shew whether the order mark it with decisive reprobation, but have a tengiven by col. King, of the 4th regiment of infantry,dency to prevent its recurrence. They, therefore, to shoot deserters taken in the act, was approved by any general officer in the service of the United States; or known to, and passed over in silence by him, as stated in the defence of said colonel King before a court martial, sitting in the state of Alabama, in the year 1819, and also any information he may possess, shewing that corporal punishment has been inflicted on any soldier, whereby he came Mr. W. made a report on the petition of the ownto his death; and, if any, by whose order it was inflicted, and what measures have been taken rela-ers of vessels sunk in the harbor of Baltimore, to tive thereto. And the same was ordered to lie on the table. Mr. Williams, of N. C. from the committee of claims, made unfavorable reports on the petitions of Samuel Lee and Samuel Dale, which were ordered to lie on the table. prevent the approach of the British in 1814, accompanied by a bill for their relief; which was twice read and committed. Mr. Cook offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the committee on the public lands On motion of Mr Butler, of N. H it was be instructed to enquire into the expediency of Resolved, That the committee on the post office authorising Benjamin Stephenson to locate 495 acres of land in the state of Illinois, as a compensa- and post roads be instructed to enquire into the extion for that quantity granted by the state of Vir-pediency of providing by law for prohibiting printginia to George Hill, in the state of Kentucky, ers and editors of newspapers, and all other per which, upon resurvey was found to have been sons who are proprietors of any such printing previously patented to another person, and which establishment, or in any way concerned in the pub lication of newspapers, from being mail contractors or post masters; and also prohibiting post masters from being mail contractors, or being employed in conveyance of the mail. The house resumed the consideration of the resolution declaring the admission of the state of Missouri into the union. Mr. Archer, of Va. delivered at some length his views of this subject, and the reasons why he was in favor of the passage of the resolution. When he concluded | The speaker also laid before the house a report of the secretary of war of a plan on which the army may be reduced to 6,000 men; made in obedience to a resolution of this house of the 11th of May last. The speaker also laid before the house a report from the secretary of the treasury relative to any alterations or modifications which he might deem necessary in the acts fixing the fees and emoluments of the officers of the customs, and a plan for compensating them according to their Mr. Hill, of Mass. moved an amendment, quali-respective services; rendered in obedience to a fying the assent of the admission of the new state resolution of the house of the 13th of May, last. into the union by an exception of a particular The first named document was laid on the table, clause of the constitution. This motion, however, the remaining two referred to committees and all was withdrawn by Mr. Hill for the present, on the ordered to be printed. representation of Mr. Lowndes, that it would em. barrass the main debate, by bringing on an incidental one, and would deprive him of the opportunity of replying to some objections he had not anticipated, and to others arising from a misapprehen. sion or evasion of his first arguments in support of the resolution. Mr. Baldwin then moved to strike out the preamble to the resolve. The house again resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Nelson, of Virginia, in the chair, on the resolution for admitting the state of Missouri into the union. Mr. M'Lane, of Delaware, occupied the floor two hours in support of the passage of the resolu tion. Mr. Mallary, of Vermont, delivered his sentiments at large decidedly against the resolution, and against the admission of the state under its present constitution. Mr. Lowndes assigned briefly the reasons why, on more mature reflection, he should assent to this course, though he had at first preferred the other. Mr. Eustis, of Massachusetts, submitted, at con The question being taken on striking out the pre-siderable length, the reasons which constrained him amble, was decided in the affirmative, 87 to 65. Mr. Hemphill, of Pennsylvania, delivered at considerable length, his sentiments in hostility to the resolution for the admission of Missouri as now constituted -- And the house adjourned. Tuesday, Dec. 12-Mr. Cuthbert, from Georgia, attended yesterday in his place. to oppose the admission of the state with a constitution containing the principle embraced in its 26th article, relative to the exclusion of free colored people from the state. The committee then rase, on the motion of Mr. Beecher, of Ohio, (some other gentlemen also rising to obtain the floor;) and The house adjourned. Wednesday, Dec. 13. Mr. Settle, of North Carolina, appear-appeared and took his seat. Mr. Joseph Dane, a new member from the state of Maine, in the place of John Holmes, also ed, was qualified, and took his seat. On motion of Mr. Plumer, it was Resolved, That the committee of commerce be instructed to enquire into the expediency of providing by law that articles of export, inspected under the authority of one state, may be exported from any other state, without being again inspected in the state from which they may be so exported. Mr. Rich submitted for consideration the follow ing, which, proposing to alter the rules of the house, lies on the table one day of course: Mr. Hardin, of Kentucky, took his seat two or three days ago. Amongst the petitions presented this day were the following: By Mr. Sergeant, the memorial of the president and directors of the bank of the United States, praying for certain amendments of the charter thereof-the same in form as that presented to the senate-which was referred to a select committee. The following memorials praying that the alteration of the tariff of duties on imports proposed at the last session may not take place, were this day presented: "A proposition requesting information from the president of the United States, or directing it to be By Mr. Barbour, from the merchants, agricul furnished by the secretary of either of the execu-turalists, and other inhabitants, of the town of Fretive departments, or the post-master general, shall dericksburg and the adjacent country in Virginia, Ke upon the table one day for consideration, unless By Mr. Jones, from the delegates of the United otherwise ordered, with the unanimous consent of Agricultural society of Prince George, Sussex, Surry, Petersburg, Brunswick, Dinwiddle and Isle of Wight, in Virginia. 'the bouse." Mr. Rich, supported his proposition by some very sensible remarks-calls were oftentimes made, subjecting the departments to great labor, without the attainment of any adequate object. He had understood that six clerks had been constantly employed since the close of the last session, in collecting the materials to answer one call-if the laber of this had been known, he was sure that the house would have considered the matter one day. The speaker laid before the house a letter from the comptroller of the treasury, transmitting from the 4th auditor a list of balances charged in that office, and due more than three years prior to September, 1820; also a list of persons, (only 5 in number,) who have failed to render their accounts to that office. By Mr. Brevard, sundry resolutions adopted at a numerous and respectable meeting of the inhabitants of Kershaw district, in South Carolina. By Mr. Whitman, from a convention of delegates from the agricultural and commercial sections of the state of Maine. The speaker laid before the house the following letter from the secretary of the treasury transmitting, in obedience to a resolution of the house of representatives of the 15th of May, 1820, a list of the officers of the customs, which may be abolished without detriment to the public interest, which was referred to the committee on commerce. The resolution from the senate "declaring the admission of the state of Missouri into the union," was read the first time and ordered to lie on the house the means necessary to protect the territory, table. the property, and all the rights of the United States, in the Missouri country. On motion of Mr. Rich, The house proceeded to consider the proposition A motion being made to adjourn, was decided submitted by him yesterday, to amend the stand-affirmatively; and, at a little before sunset, the ing rules and orders of the house, and the said house adjourned. proposition being again read, was, on the question put thereon, agreed to by the house. Mr. Tracy submitted the following resolution, which, pursuant to the order just adopted, lies on the table one day of course for consideration: Thursday, Dec. 14. [No matter of much im. portance was acted upon this day. The house having yesterday decided on the resolution respecting Missouri, appeared to be waiting for some proposition to terminate that most interesting matResolved, That the secretary of war be directed to ter. But nothing was said in relation to it. The lay before this house a list of all the lands and build-resolution from the senate lies on the table of the ings which have been purchased by the United house. It is probable that on Friday something States, for military purposes, from the 1st day of looking towards a definite conclusion on the part July, 1812, to the present time, the cost of each of the house, may have been proposed.] site, and of the buildings, as far as may be practica'ble; together with the estimated present value; also indicating those which, in the judgment of the secretary, may be sold without injury to the public defence. The house then resumed the consideration of the resolution declaring the admission of the state of Missouri into the union. Mr. Beecher, of Ohio, delivered, at considerable length, his sentiments in opposition to the passage of the resolution Mr. Cook, of Illinois, briefly assigned the reasons which would induce him to vote against the reso'lution. Mr. Lowndes replied, in a speech of two hours, to the arguments opposed to the passage of the resolution, and in vindication of the report of the committee. CHRONICLE. Presidential election. It is probable that Mr. Monroe has been re-elected president by an almost unanimous vote, and Mr. Tompkins re-elected vice president by more than nine-tenths of the votes. In Massachusetts 8 votes were given for Mr. R. Stockton, of N. J. and in Maryland, one vote for Mr. R. G. Harper, for vice president. J. Q. Adams received one vote for president in New-Hampshire, and Richard Rush one for vice-president. Specie. The British frigate Spartan recently touched at New York, from Jamaica, via Havana, and sent on shore 412,616 dollars for sundry persons in that city, &c. Pennsylvania. The legislature of this state met at Harrisburg on the 4th inst. Gen. Marks was Mr. Sergeant rejoined, in a few explanatory re- chosen speaker of the senate, by a majority of two marks; and with his remarks the debate ended-- votes; and Mr. Gilmore speaker of the house of not, however, before Mr. Gross, of New-York, had representatives, after eight ballots, by a consideraintimated his intention to move the previous ques-ble majority. Both of the speakers are spoken of tion, with a view to close the debate. as being "friends of gov. Findlay." A proposition for a reduction of salaries is before the senate. In the early ballots, Mr. Gilmore had only from three to five votes--on the 4th, 32; 5th, 46; 8th, 83. He is a "federalist," and said to be the only gentleman of that political designation who has been elected speaker for twenty years. The contest was, originally, chiefly between the friends of Mr. Weaver and Mr. Lawrence. But several other candidates were strongly supported during its progress. The question was then taken, "shall the resolu. tion be engrossed and ordered to be read a third time?" And on this question the yeas and nays were as follow: YEAS-Messrs. Abbot. Alexander, Allen, of Tenn. Anderson, Montgomery, T. L. Moore, Neale, Nelson, of Va. Newton, Over Warfield, Williams, of Va. Williams, of N. C.-79. NAYS-Messrs. Adams, Allen, of Mass. Allen, of N. Y. Baker, ·Bateman, Beecher, Boden, Brush, Buffum, Butler, of N. H. Campbell, Case, Claggett. Clark, Cook, Crafts, Cushman, Dane, DarJington, Dennison, Dewitt Dickinson, Eddy. Edwards, of Conn. Edwards, of Penn. Eustis, Fay. Folger. Foot, Ford. Forrest, Fuller, Gorham, Gross, of N. Y. Gross, of Pa. Guyon, Hackley, Hall, of N. Y. Hail, of Del. Hemphill, Hendricks, Hibshman, Hill, Hostet And the resolution for the admission of the state of Missouri into the union was REJECTED. Mr. Lowndes then rose, and said that he did not wish to be disrespectful to the majority of the house, as declared on the vote just taken, but he now felt it to be his duty to call on them, having rejected the resolution proposed by the committee of their appointment, to devise and propose to the Maryland Samuel Sprigg, esq. has been reelected governor of this state, by the legislature, in joint ballot. For Mr. Sprigg 48; Charles Goldsborough, esq. 46. The council of last year, viz: John Stephen, Thomas H. Wilkinson, Grafton Duvall, Jas. Butcher and John Nabb, were re-elected. Virginia. The legislature of this state met on the 4th inst. Lynn Banks, esq. was elected speaker of the house of delegates, and Edward Watts, esq. re-elected speaker of the senate. North Carolina. Jesse Franklin, esq. has been elected governor of this state, by the legislature thereof, vice Mr. Branch, who was not constitutionally re-eligible to that office. South Carolina. The legislature of this state met at Columbia on the 20th ult. Benjamin Huger, esq. was re-elected speaker of the house of represen tatives, and Patrick Noble, esq. chosen speaker of the senate. Alabama. The legislature of this state met at Cahawba on the 6th Nov. Gabriel Moore, esq. was chosen president of the senate, and George W. Owen, esq. elected speaker of the house, of repre sentatives. PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEX NILES, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, EAST OF SOUTH-STREET. SUPPLEMENTARY TO NO. 16-VOLUME VII-NEW SERIES. THE PAST--THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. XILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. Commercial Memorial. vors to better thy condition? And yet, in what does such a power differ in effect, from that, by Memorial of a convention of delegates, representing the operation of which, any one of these classes may the merchants and others, interested in commerce, be fostered, cherished, and clevated, at the expense assembled at Philadelphia, to the congress of the of the rest, until the others, who are forced into United States. this most unnatural state, are so ground down, as to Although much has already been addressed to be compelled to abandon the trade, profession, or your honorable body, on the subject of the new ta-calling, of their choice? Once admit that congress riff, yet, unless it could be said to be entirely ex-may use the the power of taxing imports ad libitum, hausted, its pre-eminent importance may well claim for any other purpose but that of revenue, and you still further attention from all who are interested; give them, in reality, the power to say to the citiand may be allowed to constitute a valid excuse for zens of these United States, you must devote yourthose who venture once more to appear before you selves to agriculture, commerce, or manufactures, In the character of petitioners against its adoption. not as you may happen to be inclined, but accordAmong the great diversity of subjects which, ing to our sovereign will and pleasure. Let it never from time to time, have occupied our national le- be forgotten, that the question now about to be degislature, not one, it is believed, within the whole termined, is not so much what may be beneficial to scope of their proceedings, has ever been agitated, | manufacturers, as, whether government has a right which involves a greater variety of interests, fiscal, to benefit them, to the manifest injury, both of the moral, and political; which strikes more deeply at agricultural and commercial classes? Whether the the very foundations of all true and enlightened po- constitutional provision against taxing exports can licy; and which, according as it shall be ultimately be rendered in a great measure nugatory, by disettled, will be productive of more lasting, more minishing, at pleasure, the value of our exportable beneficial, or more pernicious consequences. In commodities through the instrumentality of a tax short, this nation, through its highest public func-upon imports? And finally, whether the direction tionaries, is called upon to determine, whether we and employment of individual capital are matters to will plunge still deeper into all those measures of be regulated and controlled by individual choice, prohibition, and restrictions upon trade; of duties, or by the will of the national legislature. premiums, and bounties; of stimulants to rear ex- If it be asked, who are the rightful judges in clusive interests at the national expense; which regard to the expediency and justice of the prohave contributed more than any other cause, to posed tariff, it is surely fair to answer, that the bring the greatest commercial and manufacturing payers, who constitute a very large majority of the empire that the world ever saw, to the very verge whole nation, are certainly more competent to deof destruction; or, by taking warning in time, cide, than the expectant receivers, when the only and pursuing a different course, achieve for our inquiry is, how much of the money of the former selves a far higher degree of national prosperity, shall be paid to the latter, and to what extent it than any people, of whom there is any record, have shall be taken, not only without their consent, but ever before attained. Let it not be said, that we in opposition both to their entreaties and remon are too much inclined to magnify, beyond their strances. This is the plain, unvarnished state of just dimensions, the various objects involved in the case; and let sophists and casuists disguise it as this inquiry; still less, let it be said, that the in- they may, still, whenever it is contemplated, una. juries or benefits which must necessarily result dorned by the embellishments of geographical parfrom the adoption, or the rejection, of the pro- ties, and divested of the exaggerations of exclu posed tariff, will not be fully equal, ir process of sive interests, it will be seen as a case, where, on time, to any thing which we have ventured to ima- the one hand, a certain portion only of manufacturers, gine. If the observation of Dr. Smith has been (for very many of them are opposed to it) are im thought just, that heavy taxes upon necessaries be- portuning the government to compel all the com. come a "curse, equal to the barrenness of the soil, inercial and agricultural classes to buy their manuand the inclemency of the heavens," let it not be factures, at enhanced prices, or to go without; thought extravagant in us to assert, that the addi- whilst, on the other hand, the sons of commerce tional duties required of you, operating, continual- and agriculture, almost to a man, are begging that ly, upon almost all the purchases of every member in they may not be exposed to any such exaction the community, altho' a small and insignificant sum, is not a boon, or treasure, already in possession of comparatively speaking, in each individual purchase, the government, of which each party is praying to would amount, in a few years, to a sufficient number have the exclusive enjoyment, for that would be a of millions, almost entirely to alter the existing rela- mere contest of cupidity, wherein both would be tions of society, by forcing capital out of those chan-alike selfish and culpable; but it is a plain, undisnels in which it is naturally inclined to flow, and al- guised effort on the part of certain manufacturers, luring it into others, where, but for this legislative either to coax or alarm our rulers into the ruinous process, it never perhaps would have gone. Can this project of coercing the farmers, planters, artizans, be consonant either to policy or justice? Can such and merchants, into giving a much larger portion a power be found, either in the constitutions or of their substance than they at present do to these codes of any free government upon earth, as would manufacturers; whilst, on the part of agriculture and authorize the legislature of such government to commerce, it is an arduous struggle to hold fast say to any of the great classes into which so- only what is already theirs, and not to be forced to eiety naturally divides itself "thus far shalt thou part with it contrary to their inclinations. Are we, go and no farther," in thy fair and honest endea-[ therefore, enemies to the manufacturers? Are we, VOL, XIX-17. It part, to the very high rates of many of our existing consequently, (as has often been said,) selfish, un- Can our har But, lest the mere pecuniary loss in our pur-factures are to be forced, the treasury coffers must chases alone, which we should incur from the pro-remain empty for any thing that the tariff can bring posed addition to the duties upon foreign commo-into them. On the contrary, if the duty on imdities, should be considered the principal cause of posts is to augment the revenue, the manufacturing our solicitude, we beg leave to suggest a few other interest must be content to rely upon her own enerconsiderations, of far deeper interest, and of still gies, without calling on government to make more comprehensive character, that appear to us crutches for her, of both agriculture and comto forbid the adoption of the proposed measure. merce, to support that body, which, in the mania If it be a fixed principle, that we are to rely for our of speculation, has been dieted and swelled into an revenue chiefly upon a system of duties upon im- unnatural growth, too unwieldly for her own natuports, can any thing be more obviously necessary ral limbs to sustain. Let us take another view of the subject. If it and proper, than that such system should be both uniform and permanent? Can a single instance be has become a settled point in our policy, that no cited, from the aunais of any nation upon earth, justifiable means are to be neglected to render this where an augmentation of duties, already high, has nation a great naval power, as esssential to the been found also 'to augment the national income? union; as protective of the great and only outlet On the contrary, are there not many to be found, for all the agricultural products of the immense rewherein a diminution of duty has been immediately gions of the west; it is well worthy of inquiry, whefollowed by an increase of revenue? We beg leave ther it possibly can be effected by multiplying disto quote only a few, and we will take them from couragements to foreign commerce. the history of that country whose commercial re- dy, magnanimous, and dauntless seamen, whose gulations and restrictions, some of our political eco- pursuits have heretofore exposed them to the pe nomists have so earnestly importuned you to imi-rils of every ocean; to the vicissitudes of every tate. "Previous to 1744, the East India company's clime; and inured them to that constant regimen sales of teas amounted to no more than about six hun- and discipline so well calculated to fit them for all dred thousand pounds weight annually, producing the purposes of a nautical life? Can such men, with a revenue of about 140,000/ sterling. In the early any advantage to our rising navy, be converted part of 1745, an act was passed, by which the tea into a set of skulking profligate smugglers, or of duties were greatly reduced, and in 1746, the sales sailors confined solely to the coasting trade? Yet, amounted to nearly two millions of pounds weight, that such must be the inevitable result of either and the revenue to 228,000l. But this unanswera- destroying, or much farther injuring, our foreign' ble demonstration of the superior advantages re- commerce, is a consummation which appears to us sulting to the revenue itself from low duties, was as unavoidable as that death must follow the desunable to restrain the rapacity of the treasury. In truction of all our vital functions. Commerce is, 1748 the duties were again increased; and fluctu. to the body politic, what the circulation of the blood ated between that epoch and 1784, from 64 to 119 is to the body natural. To check either, materially, per cent. In the last mentioned year, however, the is to produce disease; and, to augment such check government, having in vain tried every other means in any great degree, is to destroy the healthful exto prevent the smuggling and adulteration of tea, istence of both. Again, is it possible that we shall reduced the duty from 119 to 12 per cent. and add much, either to the moral or physical power the revenue, instead of falling off in the proportion of this nation, by interposing legislative aids to ac of one to ten, owing to the increased consumption, celerate the natural increase of that class of citiIn zens, who, from the very nature of most of their only declined in the proportion of one to three. 1787 the duty on wine and spirits was lowered 50 occupations, must necessarily be brought up in a per cent. but the revenue, notwithstanding, was way which, to say the least of it, is surely not the considerably augmented. The average annual pro- most favorable, either to health, to morals, to bodily, duce of the tax on coffee, for the three years pre- or intellectual vigor? Can it be within the scope vious to 1808, amounted to 166,000l. sterling. In of any rational anticipation that our manufacturers, the course of that year the duty was reduced from one and all, can ever be made successful competitwo shillings to seven pence the cwt, and the ave- tors to those of Sheffield, Birmingham, and Manrage annual produce of the reduced daty for the chester, who, by means of the very system of which next three years, instead of being diminished, rose some of us are so exceedingly emulous, are forced to labour from fourteen to seventeen hours in the to 195,0001. These few remarkable facts serve incontestibly twenty-four, and to live almost exclusively on vege. to prove more than whole libraries of theoretical table diet, in order to earn a miserable pittance of reasoning could do, that the financier, who calcu-wages, scarcely sufficient to keep body and soul tolates upon raising revenue by duties upon imports, gether? Can any, the most sanguine projector, calcu must unavoidably be content to make them moderate, or to lose his object. They also force upon our minds this important question, whether the deficit, which occurred in our revenue last year, and the still greater one which threatens us for the present year, are not both attributable, at least in late on realizing any such successful rivalry, except at an expense of taxation, of national happiness, and legislative oppression, such as the citizens of the United States will never willingly incur? In whatever way we view this subject-and we have endeavored to bestow on it all the conside |