of a Vice-President. John Adams elected. The election of
senators and representatives. A bare quorum of representa-
tives for the organization of the House. Some of the mem-
bers. Organization of the Senate. Noted members. The
Congress Federal in membership. Salaries of the President
and others. Washington's triumphal journey to New York.
His inauguration and address. Questions of official etiquette.
Foreign relations. The committees of the two Houses. The
Cabinet. Relations between the President and the Cabinet.
Communication between Cabinet and Congress.
ciary organized. The first ten amendments.
Rights.'
The finances the first question before Congress. Madison's
bill the first tariff act. A revenue measure with incidental
protection. Madison's free trade views. Tonnage duties.
Insufficient revenue. Hamilton's recommendations. Excise
duties. The "whiskey rebellion." The foreign and domes-
tic debts. Hamilton insists on their discharge in full. Loans
effected to meet national debt. Public securities at par.
Credit restored. State debts arising out of the Revolution.
Assumption by Federal government. Hamilton's "log-
rolling' success. The seat of the Federal government de-
cided. The permanent capital. Hamilton's plan for a
national bank. Its management. The institution chartered.
Implied powers of the Constitution. A mint established.
The results of Hamilton's measures.
XI POLITICAL PARTIES AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS 257-273
The origin of political parties in the United States. Funda-
mental differences arising out of foreign affairs. Political
parties before the Revolution. Whigs and Tories. National
and local questions. Federalists and anti-Federalists. Strict
and liberal construction of the Constitution. The funda-
mental party difference. Jefferson versus Hamilton. Fed-
eralists and Republicans. Their opposed contentions. Their
geographical and economic alignment. Difference on foreign
policy. The organization of a party press. Fenno's Gazette
of the United States. Freneau's Gazette. Americans and
the French Revolution. The Republicans espouse the cause
of France. The Federalists in sympathy with England.