Having, in feveral Parts of his Pleading, anfwer'd the common Arguments upon thefe Cafes, with great Learning, Judgment, and Probity, He comes t laft to the Subject of INNUENDOES, G which He expofes, with a proper Mixture of Reasoning and Ridicule, in the following Manner.

The Craftsman Jan. 21. No. 602. The Liberty of the PRESS. HE continual Attempts of a Set of mercenary Wretches to destroy, "If a Libel is understood in the large or undermine it, make fome farther and unlimited Senfe, urged by M Obfervations neceffary at this Time.- Attorney, there is fcarce a Writing I They not only affert, that the PRESS, know, that may not be call'd a Libel, funds in Need of fome IMMEDIATE Hur fcarce any Perfon fafe from being CHECK; but that the Liberty of it ought not to be reckon'd amongst the Rights and Privileges of Englithman, be

of Subftance upon giving Judgment.

I hope to be pardoned, Sir, for my Zeal upon this Occafion. It is an old and wife Caution, that when our Neighbour's House is on Fire, we ought to take Care. of our own. For tho', blefled be God, I live in a Government where Liberty is well understood, and freely enjoy'd; yet Experience has fhewn us all (I'm fure it has me) that a bad Precedent in one Government is foon fet up for an Authority in another. Old and weak as BI am, I should think it my Duty, if required, to go to the utmoft Part of the Land, where my Service could be of any Ufe in affifting to quench the Flame of Profecutions upon Informations, fet on Foot by the Government, to de prive a People of the Right of remon citrating (and complaining too) of the arbitrary Attempts of Men in Power. Men, who injure and opprefs the People under their Administration, provoke Them to cry out and complain, and then make that very Complaint the Foundation for new Oppressions and Profecutions. But to conclude; the Queftion before the Court and You, Gentlemen of the Jury, is not of fmall nor private Concern; it is not the Caule of a poor Printer, nor of New-York alone, which You are now trying: No! it may in its Confequence affect every Freeman, that lives under a British Government on the Main of America. It is the best Caufe. It is the Caufe of Liberty; and I make no doubt but your upright Conduct, this Day, will entitle You to the Love and Etteem of your FellowCitizens, &c.

the Devil? For, according to Mr At-
torney, it is no Jutification to say one
hath a bad Name. Eachard hath libell'd
our good King William; Burnet hath
libell'd, among many others, King Charles A
and King James; and Rapin hath li
bell'd Them all. How must a Man
Ipeak, or write, or what mult He hear,
read, or fing; or when muit He laugh,
fo as to be fecure from being taken
up as a Libeller? I fincerely believe,
that were fome Perfons to go thro' the
Streets of New York now-a-days, and
read a Part of the Bible, if it was not
known to be fuch; Mr Attorney, with
the Help of his Innuendoes, would cafi-
ly turn it into a Libel. As, for In-
ftance, If. ix. 16. The LEADERS of the
People caufe Them to err; and They, that
are led by Them, are destroy'd. But
fhould Mr Attorney go about to make
This a Libel, He would read it thus:
The LEADERS of the People (innuendo,
the GOVERNOR and COUNCIL of
New-York) caufe them (innuendo, the Pro-
PLE of this Province) to err; and They
are destroy'd; (innuendo, are deceived
into the Lofs of their Liberty) which
is the worst Kind of Destruction. Such
an Inftance as this feems only fit to be
laugh'd at; but I may appeal to Mr
Attorney himself, whether thefe are not
at lealt equally proper to be apply'd to
his Excellency and his Minifters, as fome
of the Inferences and Innuendo's in his E
Information against my Client. Then if
Mr Attorney is at Liberty to come into
Court, and file an Information in the King's
Name, without Leave, who is fecure,
whom He is pleased to profecute as a
Libeller? And as the Crown Law is
contended for in bad Times, there is
no Remedy for the greatest Oppreffion
of this Sort, even tho' the Party pro-
fecuted is acquitted with Honour." And
give me Leave to fay, as great Men
as any in Britain, have boldly afferted
that the Made of profecuting by Infor-
mation (when a grand Jury will not find
Billa vira) is a national Grievance, and
greatly inconfiftent with that Freedom,
which the Subjects or England enjoy G
in most other Cafes. But if we are fo
unhappy as not to be able to ward off
this Stroke of Power directly, yet let us
take Care not to be cheated out of
our Liberties, by Forms and Appearances;
let us always be fure that the Charge
in the Information is made out clearly,
ever beyond a Doubt; for tho' MatH
ters_in_the_Information may be call'd
Form upon Trya, yet they may be, and
en have been found to be Matters

This Speech, together with his other Pleadings, had fuch an Effect up.. on the Jury, that They took but little Time to confider of their Verdict, and brought in Mr Zenger NOT GUILTY; upon which there were three great Huzzas in the Hall, by a crouded Audience.

The Mayor, and Aldermen of the City of New-York had fuch a Sense of the publick Service done by Mr Hamilton, in this Caufe, that they prefented Him with the Freedom of their Corporation, in a Gold Box of confiderable Value.

From Old Common sense, No. 49.
Of the Fool, or Jefter at Court.

UR Princes formerly thought it fo them, in a jocular manner, of any Inditcretions they might be guilty of, that they were always attended with a certain Phi lofopher called a Fool: who, by his in

genious

genious out-of-the-way Wit, and Raillery, very often fet their Majefties right, and let them know what People thought of them, which every Fool may fee is of the utmost Importance to great Men. I know several honest Gentlemen could

A

wifh there was still one of thefe Philofo-
phers at Court: Tho' we understand not
the abftrufe Measures in Vogue, we might
ftill be agreeably diverted by this Party-
coloured Virtuofo. To fee him fhift his
Cap from one Head to another, and, with
Reverence be it fpoken, M-
-y itself
might be pleased with hearing the quaint B
Reafons he might give for fo doing. Dukes,
Lords, Knights, Embaffadors, and even
Bishops, would all, at fome Time or o-
ther, have the Honour of the Cap.

Old Common Sense, Jan. 14. No. 49.

HE Authors of the Gazetteer have

Tfer fume Time paft, laboured to, fhew the Neceffity of having fome Stop put to the Liberty of the Prefs: But I would defire thofe at the Head of Affairs, to remember what the Tranflator of Tacitus has faid on this Subject, in his preliminary Difcourfes, dedicated to Sir Robert Walpole, (p. 200. line 2.) The more (fays he) Men exprefs of their Hate and Refent ment, perhaps the lefs they retain; and Sometimes they vent the Whole that Way: But thefe Paffions, where they are fmothered, will be apt to fester, to grow venomous, and to discharge themselves by a more dan gerous Organ than the Mouth, even by an armed and vindictive Hand. And in the fame Page, line 28, Oliver Cromwell, who C'Man, was little affected with hard Words Seems to have feen far into the Heart of and Invectives; and as high as he carried Authority, left People to talk and rail. The fame is true of the late Regent of France, who well knew Human Nature, and the Nature of Power. In Truth, where no Liberty is allowed to speak of Governors, befides that of praising them, their Praifes will be little believed. When nothing but Incense and Applause will be accepted or borne, all plain Dealing, all honest Coun fel and true Information will be at an End, to make room for deceitful Adorations, for pleafing and pernicious Falfhoods. allowed their Subjects and Cotemporaries Princes, whofe Memory is difliked, had to have spoken Truth to them, or of them, probably Pofterity would not have spoken fo much Ill, as it is probable they would not believe, that it had been better for all of then have deferved it; and I am apt to them to have permitted all that could have been faid, than to have missed hearing what it imported them to have heard Such is the Genius of Courts, where ill Tidings are generally concealed or difguifed, that fome "Princes have learnt that they were dethroned, before they had learnt that they were not beloved; and fuch sometimes the Pride Gand Impatience of Princes, that they will fuffer nothing which ruffles their Paffions to approach their Understanding.

E

Shakespear has fhewed the Fool honeft, as well as of great Penetration; in the the Reign of K. Charles II. we have a remarkable Inftance of the Ufe of a Fool. The Dutch, who had been but a little before raised from Obscurity by the Generofity of England, began to infeft our Trade, and infult our Fleets, in the fame Manner, as fome clamorous Perfons pretend the Spaniards do at prefent. Frequent Memorials and humble Remonftrances had D been prefented to his Majefty to no Effe&t. And when it was thought useless, and even unfafe, to trouble him any further, Killegrew, the Jefter, made ufe of the Liberty his Office entitled him to, to tell his Majesty the Sentiments of the Nation. He came into the King's Prefence booted and fpurred, as if for a Journey. Where are you going to day, KILLEGREW, faid the King? To Hell, SIR, anfwered he, to bring back OLIVER CROMWELL to chastise the Infolence of the DUTCH. Which farcaftical Answer had more Weight with that witty Monarch (who understood and knew how to take a Joke) than all the grave Applications made to him. I therefore recommend it feriously to the Confideration of the prefent Ministry, Whether it would not be much for their Honour, and the Advantage of the Nation, to revive this old laudable Cuftom' Twill be eafily done, and all know, they are not the first Minifters who have introduced Fools into the Royal Prefence. I will be bold to affirm, I could prove a Fool of twice the Confequence of a Poet Laureat, which is still kept up, tho' of no Use whatsoever.

-n

I propofe applying to the L-d Cfor the Cap, and beg your Aflifiance, for tho' I am the first who have publickly petitioned to be a Fool, I will endeavour to be the laft who will depart from Old Common Soala

F

If

Universal Xpectator, Jan. 14. No. 484 To HENRY STONECASTLE, Efq; IN your laft you began with a pretty, Hmutabile femper Femina-- which, as I

tho' old Obfervation Varium &

take it, is as much as to fay- A Wo-
man's a Weathercock -and fo the is: B
of all Female Weathercocks, a W
She mill

won't She will She won't again. I have follow'd Widow Fickle these two. long tedious Years, have done every thing a Man can do or should do

The RIVEUR, No. 10. a new Author, Jan. 201
Character of a GOOD PRINCE.

Touch but her Placket and all's your AA Good PRINCE, with regard to his

own, fays a damn'd lying Ballad-Monger: Neither his Apothegm, nor Jack-Freeman's Conduct on Widow Blackacre in the Plain-Dealer, have any Effect on Mrs Fickle. She has promis'd-denied buff'd me-receiv'd me graciously-has made me four feveral times take out B a Licence, and afterwards tore it before my Face; and at laft abfolutely confented, but had at the fame time abfolutely put it out of my Power to touch one Half-penny of her Six Thoufand Pounds. On the Knowledge of this I have done with my Widow Fickle; and to be reveng'd on her, and all Widows elfe, I fend you the following C Character of a Widow, which if you don't infert, I wish you may have an old ugly Widow for your Wife, and fhe ufe you just as mine wou'd have done me. Yours, my old Batchelor,

FRUITLESS COURTWELL.

The WIDOW,

your,

private Life, is an honeft Man, and a Man of Honour: Good-Nature difplays itfelf in his Infant Mind before all other Difpofitions, and grows up with it, till it fettles at laft in a perfect Humanity : His tender Heart fympathizes with every unhappy Sufferer; and nothing, dilates it with fo much Joy, as the Profperity and Succefs of the People: He is affable and generous; Merit, in whatever Situation it appears, is fure of Pleafing; and Virtue in Diftrefs fails not of that Relief from him, which its Modefty will not allow it to beg: His high Quality only raifes him above Offences: His Complai fance would place each on the fame Level with himself; and, rather than not have an Opportunity to exercife his Benevolence, his Condefcention, without debafing, brings him down to their Ca pacity: He never enjoys more Satisfaction than in Acts of Goodness: Flattery, which always attends the Great, might have perhaps debauched his innate Bounty, D had not a fincere Love of Truth baffled all its Attempts: He knows that he was born to reign over a Free People; that is, (whatever Gloffes Sycophants may put upon the World) to ferve them for their Good. In order to fit him for this great Office, he fets himself to ftudy the Nature of that Conftitution, wherein he is to bear fo confiderable a Share: He finds that Liberty is the main End at which it aims, and the Effect which all its Laws and Customs are calculated to produce: He feels the Beauty and Coherence of the whole Syftem working powerfully in his own Breaft; he loves it, and becomes a Votary himself to that, which selfish Courtiers would fet him at Variance with: He thinks it unworthy the first Subject of a free Nation to live in a fervile Dependance, and would not buy a Crown at the Price of his Freedoni.in When his own Fortunes and the Favour of the People raife him to the Dignity which he merits, his Opinions are not thereby altered; Liberty he valued fo much in himself before, he still values fo much, he believes he can't give, nor his People receive, a more grateful Prefent : He looks upon it as his Glory to make them happy for this Reafon he confults them in all Cafes, and is entirely directed by their Advice; he places his Confidence in the People, and not in an over-grown Minifter, with his Chain of Hirelings, who may have different Interefts from the

E

A
Widow, your ordinary Widow, is
like a Herald's Horfe-Cloth, fhe
feives to many Funerals with a very
little altering the Colour: The End of
her Husband begins in Tears, and the
End of her Tears begins in a Husband:
Her chiefeft Pride is in the Multitude,
of her Humble Servants, and by them
fhe gains, for one ftill brings on ano-
ther. Her Inclination leads to a young
handfome Captain of Dragoons, but her
Ambition makes her draw in a weaker
Bow, and the accepts of a City Knight,
tho' at Threefcore. She has Emiflaries
of Kinsfolks who enlarge her Jointure,
but all the Credit fhe gains before Mar-
riage the lofes the Day after; her Hus-
band too late finds out what he dared
not enquire into during the Time of
Comhip, that Report is a Liar. As
the cheats the fecond Husband, if the
out-lives a third, fhe cheats his Cre-
ditors. Churchmen fhe durit not ven-G
ture upon, for fhe has heard Clergy-
men's Widows complain of Dilapidations;
nor yet will fhe chufe a Lawyer, un-
iefs eminent for Chamber Practice: She
wishes for what the denies, the confents
to what the refufes, he has Defires
without Hypocrify, and Hypocrify without
ve; he has Warmth without Heat,
d Temptation without Agreeableness
1 fhort, fhe is a Paradox of Paradoxes,
2 Woman and a Widem

Neceffity; he is not more beloved a home, than feared abroad, while he lives. When the Prayers of a whole Island can no longer divert the fatal Stroke of Death, he leaves them all in Tears, and exchanges the most glorious Crown on Earth for one A ftill more glorious ;his Name lafts to all Generations, as a noble Pattern for fucceeding Monarchs; and cternai Liberty, eftablished by his wife and generous Counfels, endears him as much to lateft Pofterity, as to his own Age; he is alike the Admiration and Adoration of both.

Ꭰ

People, and fo be induced to betray both
the People and him; for there is fo clofe
a Connection betwixt them, that it is im-
poffible to do the one, without doing the
other alfo: He has his more particular
Friends and Favourites indeed, but he is
directed in his Choice by Defert, Mode-
ration, Public Spirit, and an Affinity of
Temper; he admits none of the Purvey.
ors for his more youthful Pleasures into
his Councils, nor does he make any other
Distinction of Parties, than Patriots and
Knaves; they that are not the first, must
be the other, whatever Pretences they B
may trump up of Zeal for his Service;
their Love for their Country is the un-
erring Standard by which he judges of
them: He neither buys Elections nor
Votes, fo that he is fure his Parliaments
are compofed of Men of Worth and In-
tegrity, and who can have nothing elfe
in their Eye but the Commonweal: He
claims no Prerogative but that of doing
Good, and never exerts it, but his Subjects
thank him for it; if any other Privileges
have been affected by his Predeceffors to
the Hurt of his People, he gives them up
without being asked: As he is certain,
that no Nation ever granted any Thing
defignedly for their own hurt, fo he
laughs at the Jure Divino Right, which
a corrupt Clergy and falfe Politicians af-
fert to be inherent in Kings. If his Peo-
ple, out of Gratitude and Affection, grant
him an exorbitant Revenue, he takes only
what his Neceffities demand; and, tho' E
others before him have found Ufes for it
all, returns the Overplus with Thanks:
He can never think himself poor, fo long
as the Nation is rich, and he enjoys their
good Will; in that, under Go D, does
he repofe all his Truft of Security; he
cannot fo much as bear the Shadow of a
Standing Army; the Hearts of his Sub-
jects are his best Defence. He encourages
a free Trade by allowing no Monopolies,
by laying as few Taxes as poffible upon
neceflary Commodities, and by levying
them in the easiest Manner: He is as libe-
ral of his own privy Purfe, as he is fru
gal of the publick Money; he expends
none of it in Bribes, in fecret Services, in
ufelefs Pentions, or in vain Pomp and
Grandeur; his Liberality confifts in pro-
moting Merit only, and his Court makes
the moft brilliant Figure in Europe by be.
ing filled with fuch Perfons; his Kingdom
follows his Example; all is plain, but all
is great; the Senate and People of Rome
never made a more venerable Appearance;
He is the Father of his Country, and his
Subjects are dutiful Children, not a Man

of them but would die for him in hic

F

SIR, Your Modefty muft forgive my unwary Boldness in thus turning the Eyes of the Publick upon you, imperfect as the Portraiture is, thofe who are the best acquainted with you must find the ftrongeft Refemblance in it:I hope Expe rience will in Time convince all Britains of the ftriking Liknefs, and force them, while they read the glorious Character, to cry out, This very annual Day gave Birth unto the great Original.

cmftsman. Jan. 28 No 603

N.

The following Letter (fays Mr Danvers)
I will venture to publifh, tho' it it is
written in Defence of our plunder'd
Merchants,and we have already smarted
very feverely upon that Account.
TO CALEB D'ANVERS, Efq;

I

Am one of the unfortunate Suffer. ers by the Depredations of the Spaniards, in the West Indies, and figned the Petition, that was deliver'd to his Majefty at Hampton Court. As we had a favourable Hearing thereupon before the Lords of the Privy Council, and all the Allegations were fully and ftrongly made out, I had great Reason to believe fome effectual Meafures would be taken for our Relief, and the Security of our Trade for the future. I fhould therefore have been filent upon that Head, had not those manifeft Infults on the Nation, as well as Acts of Violence on the British Trade and Subjects, been Gfo fhamefully and publickly countenanced and vindicated. That mercenary— Writer and Spanish Advocate, PAUL CRAPE, would not have the Infulence to explain, and confound Treaties in the manner He hath done, and to justifie the most flagrant Rapine and Villainy that ever was committed by the Subjects of one Nation on another in Amity with them, had he not Encor ragement from Perfons of Figure a Character in the World who talk the Game Strain. Their manner of Res