roiginally comprehended under that name, but which it exchanged for that of Novem Populana, as consisting of nine principal nations, of whom the Elusates and Ausci appear to have been the chief. The Sotiates were a small tribe, above them, mentioned by Cæsar.

Gallia Lugdunensis was subdivided at first into two, and subsequently into four divisions, called Prima, Secunda, Tertia, and Quarta, or Senonia. It extended from the city of Lugdunum, or Lyons, on the Rhone, to the Western Ocean, being bounded on the South by Aquitania, and on the North by Belgia. The capital of Lugdunensis Prima, was Lugdunum, in the small tribe of the Ambarri, between the junctions of the Arar and Rhodanus, or the Soane and Rhone. The great nation of the Edui, were in this district, whose capital was called Bibracte in the time of Cæsar, Augustodunum under Augustus, and is now corrupted into Autun. North of it was the famous city of Alesia, or Alise, the account of whose memorable siege occupies the last two-and-twenty chapters of Cæsar's seventh book on the Gallic war. North-east were the Lingones, who have given their name to their capital, once called Andematunum, now Langres. Immediately joining these, to the North-west, were the Senones, from whom the Lugdunensis Quarta was called Senonia, and which will be more conveniently now described, than in its regular order after the second and third. Their capital, originally called Agidincum, is now called, from the name of the people, Sens. the North-west of them, the Carnutes have, in like manner, given to their capital Autricum, the name of Chartres; North-east of whom, the Parisii still gave to

To

Lutetia the name of Paris. South of the Carnutes, the Aureliani still preserve their name in Orleans, called by Cæsar Genabum. Among the Senones was Melodunum, or Melun, bordering on the Parisii. South of Agidincum was Antissiodorum, now Auxerre, and still South, within the borders of the Edui, Noviodunum, or Nevers. North-east of Agidincum was Augustobona, now Troyes among the small tribe of the Tricasses. North of the Lugdunensis Quarta was the Lugdunensis Secunda, nearly comprised in the situation of Normandy. The principal nation were the Velocasses, whose capital, Rotomagus, is now Rouen. Above them were the Caleti, or Pays de Caux, whose capital, Juliobona, is now Lillebone; and south-west the Lexovii, whose capital, Noviomagus, is still Lizieux; South are the Aulerci Eburovices, whose capital, Mediolanum, still retains the name of Evreux. West of the Lexovii are the Viducasses and Bajocasses, whose capitals, antiently Viducas and Arægeni, are still Vieux and Bayeux; and the Abrincatui, whose capital Ingena, is Avranches. Below were the Saii, or Essui, whose capital, Saii, is Seez. Off this coast were the islands Cæsarea, Sarnia, and RidunaJersey, Guernsey, and Alderney.

The Lugdunensis Tertia had for its principal people the Turones, who have given the name of Tours to Cæsarodunum, their capital. North-west were the Andes, or Andecavi, whose capital, Juliomagus, has still preserved the name of Angers. And the Aulerci Cenomani have given to their capital, Suindunum, the name of Mans. The Arvii have preserved their capital in a place called Cite, antiently Vagoritum, on the little river

Erve.

The Diablintes have given to Neodunum the name of Jablins. The Redones are easily discoverable in Rennes, and the Namnetes, in Nantez, which two capitals were antiently called Condate and Condivincum. North-west of the Namnetes were the Veneti, whose antient capital, Dariorigum, still preserves the name of Vennes. Above them were the Corisopiti and the Osismii, whose capital, Vorganium, is corrupted into Karhez. Among the Osismii were also the Brivatus Portus, Brest, Uxantis Insula, Ushant; and below it Sena, or Sain, corresponding in some measure to the British Mona, as being the sacred residence of the Gallic priestesses. The whole of this tract between the Seine and Loire was called Armorica, which at last, however, was exclusively confined to Bretagne.

Gallia Belgica was divided into Belgica Prima and Secunda, Germania Prima, or Superior, and Secunda, or Inferior, and Maxima Sequanorum. In Belgica Prima the principal people were the Treveri, whose capital, Augusta, is still called Treves, situated near the Mosella, or Moselle, which flows into the Rhine. Southwards were the Mediomatrici, whose capital, Divodurum, was afterwards called Metis, and Metz. Still South were the Leuci, whose capital was Tullum, or Toul; and to their North-west the Verodunenses, whose capital Verodunum, is still Verdun. North-west of Belgica Prima was Belgica Secunda. The principal people were the

Remi, who were much attached to the Romans in the time of Cæsar. The capital, Durocortorum, still preserves their name in that of Rheims. On their Southeast, the Catalauni gave name to Chalons. Closely con

nected with the Remi, were the Suessiones, whose capital Augusta, is now Soissons. Northwards are the Veromandui, or Vermandois, whose capital, Augusta, is St. Quintin. West of them were the Bellovaci, a very warlike nation, well known in Cæsar's Commentaries, whose capital, Cæsaromagus, is still Beauvois. Northwards, the Ambiani had for their capital Samarobriva, so called from the bridge on the Samarus, or Somme. It is now, from the name of the people, Amiens. Still Northwards, were the Atrebates, or Artois, whose capital, Nemetacum, is still Arras or Atrecht. Above these were the Morini. on the extreme Northern coast*. Their capital was Toruenna or Terouenne. On the coast also was Gesoriacum, or Bononia, now Bologne; and above it Portus Itius, or Witsand, from which Casar embarked for the invasion of Britain. East of these were the Nervii, whose original capital was Bagacum, Bavia, in the middle of Hainau, but afterwards Camaracum, or Cambray, and Turnacum, or Tournay. Next to these was Germania Secunda, Inferior, or Lower, so called as being near the coast, lying between the Scaldis, or Scheldt, and the Rhenus, or Rhine. On the West bank of the Rhine where the Ubii, the chief people, whose capital, Colonia Agrippina, or Cologne, was so called in compliment to Agrippina, the wife of the Emperor Claudius. West of these were the Eburones, a people who were annihilated by Cæsar, in revenge for their having slaughtered a Roman legion; and their country was occupied by the Tungri, whose capital, Atuataca, is

* Hençe Virgil

Extremique hominum Morini.

En. VIII. 727.

still called Tongres.-All these nations were of Germanic origin. Between these and the Treveri was the great forest of Arduenna, or Ardenne, extending from the confines of the Nervii to the Rhine. Above them were the Toxandri and Menapii; and still North, the Batavi, who possessed an island between the right branch of the Rhine and the Vahalis, or Waal, its left branch. The principal city of the Batavi, was Lugdunum Batavorum, which still preserves its name in Leyden. Noviomagus also is easily recognised in Nimeguen.

Germania Prima, Superior, or Upper, so called as being more inland, lay along the Western bank of the Rhine, and contained three Germanic nations-the Vangiones, Nemetes, aud Triboci. The capital of the Vangiones was Borbetomagus, or Worms; North of which were Moguntiacum, or Mentz, and Confluentes, or Coblentz: the capital of the Nemetes was Noviomagus, or Spires; and of the Triboci, Argentoratum, or Strasburg.

Maxima Sequanorum had for its principal nation the Sequani; their capital was Vesontio, or Besancon, on the river Dubis, now Doux. Next to them were the Helvetii, part of Switzerland, whose principal city was Aventicum, now Avenche; Turicum is now Zurich. Above the Helvetii were the Rauraci, whose principal city was Augusta, now Augst, a little South-east of Basilia, or Basle.