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delight to speak of him to those who are rising up to fill our places. And when the time shall come that we ourselves shall go, one after another, to our graves, we shall carry with us a deep sense of his genius and character, his honor and integrity, his amiable deportment in private life, and the purity of his exalted patriotism.

The annexed is a south-western view of the ancient Stone Church, situated in the forest about two miles north-east from Fort Hill and about three from Pendleton village. It is the oldest and the first house erected for public worship in the upper country of South Carolina. Gen. Andrew Pickens, the revolutionary patriot, resided two miles from this church and about the same distance from Fort Hill. The treaty of Hopewell, concluded Nov. 28, 1785,

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South-western View of the Ancient Presbyterian Church near Pendleton.

with the Cherokees, was formed on Gen. Pickens' plantation. The Stone Church has been recently repaired, and is occasionally used as a place of public worship by various denominations. In the graveyard near the church the remains of Gen. Pickens, of Gen. Anderson, and other distinguished persons, are interred. The following inscription is on the monument of Gen.

Pickens:

Gen. ANDREW PICKENS was born 13th September, 1739, and died 17th August, 1817. He was a Christian, a patriot and soldier. His character and actions are incorporated with the history of his country. Filial affection and respect raise this monument to his memory.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, MISCELLANIES, ETC.

Sir Nathaniel Johnson, the successor of James Moore, in 1703, as governor of South Carolina, was a man of military skill, and when Carolina was invaded by the French and Spaniards in 1706 he displayed great judgment in the measures he took for its defense. He first introduced the culture of silk in South Carolina; this was in 1703. It was principally owing to his influence that the first establishment of the Episcopal Church was effected in the province; a majority of the inhabitants then were dissenters. He died in 1713.

William Bull, M. D., born in South Carolina, was the son of William Bull, lieutenant-governor of the province in 1738; it is supposed that he was the first American who obtained a degree in medicine. He studied medicine under the celebrated Boerhaave. After his return from Europe he held various public offices, being speaker of the house of representatives and lieutenant-governor for many years. When the British troops evacuated South Carolina in 1782, he accompanied them to England, and died in London in 1791.

Thomas Heyward, Jr., a signer of the declaration of independence, was born in St. Luke's parish, S. C. His father, Col. Heyward, one of the wealthiest planters

The Ney w

wards Jur.

in the province, spared no expense in the education of his son, and sent him to England to complete his studies. Soon after his

return he commenced the practice of law. He was among the earliest who resisted the oppression of the mother country. He remained in congress until 1778, when he was appointed a judge in the courts of South Carolina. He also held a military commission, and when Charleston was captured he was made prisoner. He died in March, 1809, at the age of 63.

Thomas Lynch, Jr., a signer of the declaration of independence, was born in St. George's parish, S. C. He was a descendant of an ancient Austrian family, na

Thomas Lynch Jud.

tives of the town of Lintz, who removed to England, and from thence to Ireland. His fath

er, who had great possessions, gave his son a superior education. He entered the University of Cambridge, England, and studied law in one of the inns of the Temple. He commenced his public life in Charleston in 1773, and became quite popular. His health having become shattered by exposure while a captain in the army, he was obliged to resign his seat in congress. On his return Mr. Lynch, then about thirty years of age, embarked with his wife for the West Indies, hoping he could find a neutral vessel in which he could procure a passage to Europe. The vessel in which he sailed is supposed to have foundered at sea.

Arthur Middleton, a signer of the declaration of independence, was born at Middleton Place, S. C., in 1743. His father, a wealthy planter, sent his son to Eng

Arthur Middleton

land to be educated,

as was then the custom of the time. At

the age of twelve years he was placed in the celebrated school at Hackney, and after remaining

four years at Cambridge he graduated at that University with distinguished honors. He then took a tour in Europe, and spent some time at Rome, where he became quite proficient as a painter. On his return he was active in the cause of

his country, and was sent a delegate to the general congress at Philadelphia. In 1779, when South Carolina was invaded by the British, his property was exposed to their ravages; much of his immense estate was sacrificed, and he was sent a prisoner to St. Augustine. He died Jan. 1, 1778, leaving a widow with eight children.

Edward Rutledge, a signer of the declaration of independence, was born in Charleston in 1749. He studied law with an elder brother, and finished his edu

Edward Buttedge

cation at the Inner Temple in London. He was a member of the first congress. When Charleston was invested in 1780, Mr. Rutledge, at the head of a corps of artillery, while endeavoring to throw

troops into the city, was taken prisoner and sent to St. Augustine. After the British evacuated Charleston, Mr. Rutledge resumed the practice of his profession. In 1798 he was elected governor of the state. He was a sufferer from hereditary gout, of which disorder he died in January, 1800, aged 50. His eloquence was of a high grade, being insinuating and conciliatory.

John Rutledge, an eminent patriot of the revolution, was a native of Ireland. He was a member of the first congress of 1774, and in 1776, when the temporary constitution of South Carolina was adopted, he was appointed president and commander-in-chief of the colony. He was in 1779 chosen the first governor of the state, and in 1796 was appointed chief justice of the United States. He died in 1800 at an advanced age.

Andrew Pickens was born in Paxton township, Pennsylvania, in September, 1739. In 1752 he removed with his father to the Waxhaw settlement in South Carolina. He was one of the most active military partisans of the south; and distinguished himself in various actions. After the close of the revolutionary war he became a member of the legislature, and was elected to congress. He died in August, 1817.

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney was born in Charleston in February, 1746. His father (Chief Justice Pinckney) took him and his brother Thomas to Europe to be educated at a very early age. He commenced the practice of law in 1770, and when the revolutionary war broke out he entered the continental service as captain. He was active in the defense of Charleston in 1776 and in 1780. When the city was surrendered he became a prisoner, and suffered much from sickness and cruel treatment. In 1796 he was minister to the French republic. While in this office he uttered that noble sentiment: "Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute." For about twenty-five years he lived in elegant retirement, and died Aug. 16, 1825, in the 80th year of his age.

The

Charles Pinckney and Thomas Pinckney were both revolutionary patriots, and both governors of South Carolina, and both embassadors to foreign courts. former died in 1824, and the latter in 1828.

Henry Laurens, a revolutionary patriot of Huguenot descent, was born in Charleston, in 1774, and was bred a merchant. He was a member of the continental congress in 1777, and was chosen its president. In 1780 he sailed for Holland, as minister plenipotentiary, to negotiate a treaty with that power. "The vessel he was in was captured by an English frigate. Mr. Laurens cast his papers into the sea, but, as they did not sink immediately, they were recovered, and disclosed the fact that Holland had already been in negotiation with the revolted colonies. That discovery led to a declaration of war by Great Britain against Holland. Laurens was taken to London and imprisoned in the tower about fourteen months, under a charge of high treason. For some time he was not allowed the solace of conversation, books, pen, ink, paper, or the receipt of letters. That rigor was abated, yet his confinement made terrible inroads upon his constitution. At length public sentiment expressed its displeasure-because of his treatment, and the ministry, fearing retaliation on the part of the Americans, desired an excuse

to release him. One of his friends was instructed to say that he should be pardoned, if he would write a noto to Lord North, and express his sorrow for what he had done. Pardon!' exclaimed Laurens, indignantly. 'I have done nothing to require a pardon, and I will never subscribe to my own infamy and the dishonor of my children.' He never could be induced to make the least concessions; and finally, when public clamor for his release became too vehement to be longer disregarded, the ministry had him admitted to bail* on security procured by themselves, and he was discharged before the allotted time of trial. Lord Shelburne was then premier, and he solicited Mr. Laurens to remain in Europe, and assist in the pending negotiations for peace. Laurens complied; and in November, 1782, he signed the preliminary treaty between the United States and Great Britain. Soon after that event he returned home, suffering much from the effects of his rigorous confinement. His constitution was shattered beyond recovery, and he steadily refused the honors of official station frequently offered him by his grateful countrymen. His health gradually failed, and on the 8th of December, 1792, he expired when almost sixty-nine years of age. The following remarkable injunction, expressed in his will, was literally complied with: 'I solemnly enjoin it upon my son, as an indispensable duty, that as soon as he conveniently can after my decease, he cause my body to be wrapped in twelve yards of tow-cloth, and burnt until it be entirely consumed, and then, collecting my bones, deposit them wherever he may think proper.'

William Moultrie, a distinguished general of the revolution, emigrated from England at a very early age. In 1760 he distinguished himself in the Cherokee war. He also gained great eclat by his gallant defense of Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island, in 1776. In 1779 he gained a victory over the British at Beaufort; and, at the siege of Charleston, was second in command. After the revolution he was repeatedly elected governor of the state. He published memoirs of the war, in the south, and died in 1805.

Francis Marion was born near Georgetown, South Carolina, in 1732. He was quite diminutive at the time of his birth, but his life shows the superiority of mind over the body. He was, perhaps, the ablest and most successful partisan officer of the revolution. He died at his residence, about three miles below Eutaw Springs, Feb. 29, 1795.†

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GENERAL MARION'S RESIDENCE.

After the defeat of Gates, in 1780, the cause of American liberty in South Carolina was sustained with firmness by Generals Marion, Sumter, and others. Marion's cavalry were so destitute of weapons that they were obliged to cut their swords from the saws of saw-mills. With his small force he harassed the British and tories, and continually surprised and captured parties of the enemy. He was so successful in concealing himself in woods and marshes that the enemy were never able to attack or to discover him. From these dark retreats he sallied forth upon the foe, with such secrecy and celerity in his movements, that he received the appellation of the "Old Fox, Marion." In one of his sallies, he released one hundred and fifty continen

*On one occasion, when he was requested to write to his son, John, then on a mission to France, and advise him to leave that country, Mr. Laurens replied, "My son is of age, and has a will of his own. If I should write to him in the terms you request, it would have no effect; he would only conclude that confinement and persuasion had softened me. I know him to be a man of honor. He loves me dearly, and would lay down his life to save mine; but I am sure he would not sacrifice his honor to save mine, and I applaud him." That son was worthy of such a father.

†The engraving of Marion's residence, and those of the battle-fields of Cowpens and King's Mountain, are from Lossing's Field-book.

tal troops, who were taken prisoners at Camden. His repeated and successful excursions kept alive the spirit of resistance, and his high fame as a partisan was never tarnished by any violation of the laws of war or of humanity. The annexed spirited verses, by Bryant, are deservedly popular.

SONG OF MARION'S MEN.

Our band is few, but true and tried,

Our leader frank and bold;

The British soldier trembles

When MARION's name is told.

Our fortress is a good green wood,
Our tent the cypress tree:
We know the forest round us

As seamen know the sea.

We know its walls of thorny vines,

It glades of reedy grass, Its safe and silent islands Within the dark morass.

Woe to the English soldiery
That little dread us near!
On them shall light at midnight
A strange and sudden fear:
When, waking to their tents on fire,
They grasp their arms in vain,
And they who stand to face us

Are beat to earth again;
And they who fly in terror deem
A mighty host behind,
And hear the tramp of thousands
Upon the hollow wind.

Then sweet the hour that brings release
From danger and from toil:

We talk the battle over,

And share the battle's spoil.

The woodland rings with laugh and shout
As if a hunt were up,

And woodland flowers are gather'd
To crown the soldier s cup.
With merry songs we mock the wind
That in the pine-top grieves,
And slumber long and sweetly

On beds of oaken leaves.

Well knows the fair and friendly moon
The band that MARION leads-
The glitter of their rifles,

The scampering of their steeds.
Tis life to guide the fiery barb
Across the moonlight plain;
'Tis life to feel the night-wind
That lifts its tossing mane.
A moment in the British camp-
A moment-and away
Back to the pathless forest,
Before the peep of day.

Grave men there are by broad Santee,
Grave men with hoary hairs,
Their hearts are all with MARION,

For MARION are their prayers.
And lovely ladies greet our band
With kindliest welcoming,
With smiles like those of summer,
And tears like those of spring.
For them we wear these lusty arms,
And lay them down no more,
Till we have driven the Briton
Forever from our shore.

David Ramsay, M. D., a revolutionary patriot, was a native of Pennsylvania and in 1773, when twenty-three years of age, emigrated to Charleston, where he rose to eminence in his profession. In 1782 he was elected to congress, and in 1785 was president pro tem. He wrote several historical works, the most noted of which was his history of the revolution in South Carolina. He was eminent for his great enterprise, for purity and philanthropy, and was a bright example of all the Christian virtues. He died in 1815, of a wound received in the street from a maniac.

Joel Poinsett, an eminent statesman, was born in South Carolina, in 1779. He was minister to Mexico in the administration of John Q. Adams, and secretary of war in that of Van Buren. He died in 1851.

George McDuffie, the co-worker and friend of Calhoun and Hayne, and a zealous defender of the peculiar institution of the south, was born in this state about the year 1792. He was a representative in congress from 1821 until 1835, when he was elected governor of the state. In 1841 he was elected to the United States senate, but ill health, partly the result of a duel, occasioned his resignation. He died in 1851.

Robert Y. Hayne, one of the most brilliant statesmen of South Carolina, was born in the vicinity of Charleston, in 1791, and studied law in the office of the celebrated Langdon Cheves. In the year 1823 he was elected to the United States senate. His course in the senate rendered him extremely popular at home, and he was a member of the South Carolina convention, which was called by the legislature, for reviewing the obnoxious tariff laws of Congress. The results of the deliberations of the convention was the celebrated ordinance of nullification, which was reported to that body by Mr. Hayne, as chairman of the committee to

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