*

"How far Arnold meant to involve me in the catastrophe of this plan, does not appear by any indubitable evidence; and I am rather inclined to think, he did not wish to hazard the more important object * * by attempting to combine two events, the lesser of which, might have marred the greater. A combination of extraordinary circumces, and unaccountable deprivation of presence of mind, in a man of the first abilities, and the virtue of three militia men, threw the Adjutant General of the British forces, (with the full proof of Arnold's intention) into our hands; and but for the egregious folly, or the bewildered conception of Lieutenant Colonel Jameson, who seemed lost in astonishment, and not to have known what he was doing, I should undoubtedly have gotten Arnold. Andre has met his fate, and with that fortitude which was to be expected from an accomplished young man and a gallant officer; but I mistake if Arnold is not suffering at this time the torments of a mental hell.”

With respect to the three militia men who had been the instruments of Providence in this signal interposition, Congress, on the 3d of November "resolved, that Congress have a high sense of the virtuous and patriotick conduct of John Paulding, David Williams and Isaac Vanvert: in testimony whereof, ordered, that each of them receive annually 200 dollars in specie, or an equivalent in the current money of these states, during life; and that the board of war be directed to procure for each of them, a silver medal, on one side of which shall be a shield with this inscription, "fidelity," and on the other, the following motto, "vincit amor patriæ," and forward them to the commander in chief, who is requested to present the

same, with a copy of this resolution, and the thanks of Congress for their fidelity, and the eminent service they have rendered their country.'

In the mean time, a proposition was made to Sir Henry Clinton by Washington, for an exchange of officers, who were prisoners, without including the privates, to which Sir Henry would not accede. General Lincoln, on the part of the Americans, and General Phillips, on the part of the British, were appointed to settle the terms of a cartel, and after some objections on the part of the former to a general exchange, which had been deemed unadviseable on account of the accession of strength it would give to the enemy, it was finally agreed to wave that consideration for the present, and a cartel was established for the exchange of officers. The cartel included the Americans of New-York, for whom an equivalent was to be received of British and German soldiers.

On the 14th of October, Congress resolved to erect a monument in the city of Annapolis in Maryland, to the memory of the Baron de Kalb, to bear the following inscription: "Sacred to the memory of the Baron De Kalb, Knight of the royal order of military merit, Brigadier of the armies of France, and Major General in the service of the United States of America. Having served with honour and reputation for three years, he gave a last and glorious proof of his attachment to the liberties of mankind, and to the cause of America, in the action near Cambden, in the state of South Carolina; where leading on the regular troops of Maryland and Delaware against superiour forces, and animating them by his example, to deeds of valour, he was wounded in several places, and died on the 19th of August following, in the 48th

year of his age. The Congress of the United States of America, in acknowledgment of his zeal, of his services, and of his merit, have erected this monument."

The year closed in the north, without any military movement that deserved the name of a campaign.Numerous skirmishes of scouting parties took place, during the fall, and many depredations were committed on both sides, more particularly by the refugees of New-York. The army of Washington continued so weak, both in point of numbers and supplies, that he was glad to continue in a state of inactivity, or prepare for placing himself in his winter quarters at Morristown. Sir Henry Clinton also seemed to be well pleased that the approach of winter put a stop to all active proceedings in the north, as it enabled him to send off considerable reinforcements to Cornwallis in the south, which was still destined to be the theatre of continued conflicts. He had despatched General Leslie, about the middle of October, with 3,000 troops to the Chesapeake Bay, to cooperate with Lord Cornwallis, who, he supposed would have so far extended his conquests, as to meet the reinforcements at Portsmouth; but Leslie on his arrival at this place, received orders from his lordship to proceed to Charleston, whither also 800 recruits had been sent from New-York to the southern army.

Congress having ordered that a court martial should sit to try General Gates for his misfortunes at the battle of Cambden, General Greene was appointed by Washington to take his place; and that General set out for the south in the beginning of November. He expressed his decided disapprobation of the course pursued in relation to General Gates, and very

much to his honour, declared that he would be well satisfied to serve under him. But whether merely unfortunate, or blameably negligent, Gates had lost the confidence of the south, and his removal from the command became a matter of necessity.

The Chevalier Charles Louis de Ternay, knight of St. John of Jerusalem, &c. and commander of the French fleet in America, died at Newport, on the 18th of December. His polite and gentlemanly deportment had endeared him to the Americans, and his premature death was sincerely regretted. He was interred on the following day with all the honours. due to his private worth and publick station.

CHAPTER XV.

Events of 1780 continued.-Sanguinary conduct of Lord Cornwallis-State of Gates's army-Colonel Morgan arrives at Hillsborough. The British army move from Cambden.-Color nel Davie defeats a foraging party of the enemy.-Destruction of Wahab's house.-Unsuccessful attempt of Colonel Clarke against Augusta.-Battle of King's Mountain, and defeat of Ferguson.-Cornwallis retreats towards Cambden-General Sumpter forces Tarleton to retreat from Blackstock Hill.-The American army move from Hillsborough.-General Greene arrives to take command of the southern army.—General Gates is kindly received by the Virginia legislature, and retires to his farm-Colonel Washington with his cavalry effects the surrender of a garrison at Rudgely's Farm by stratagem.-General Greene takes a position on the Pedee.-Morgan advances to the Pacolet and Broad Rivers-Leslie arrives at Charleston with reinforcements for Cornwallis, and marches to Cambden.-Half pay for life voted by Congress to their officers-Major Lee promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel-is ordered to the south.--The Baron de Steuben ordered to Virginia.—Massachusetts establishes an Academy of Arts and Sciences.-Pennsylvania abolishes slavery. The torture abolished in France.-The inquisition abolished by the Duke of Modena.

THE extreme heat of the weather in South Caroli na, the unhealthiness of the season, and the want of stores which were daily expected from New-York, prevented Lord Cornwallis from being immediately able to pursue the advantages he had gained by the defeat of General Gates. He remained, therefore, at Cambden, for some time after the battle, engaged in the civil duties of his government. In the execution of these, he was even more rigorous than Sir Henry Clinton himself had been. Having despatched his