1 From 1939 to 1953 for comparative purposes includes appropriations under the following heads:
salaries, Library proper; salaries and expenses, Library buildings; salaries and expenses, union
catalogs; general printing and binding, miscellaneous expenses; contingent expenses; photodupli-
cation expenses; expenses, Library of Congress Trust Fund Board; motion picture project; security
of the collections; penalty mail; Sunday opening, Library proper; Sunday opening. Library buildings.
2 Includes the full-time equivalent of part-time and temporary positions.

3 From 1939 to 1953 for comparative purposes includes appropriations under the following heads:
salaries, Copyright Office; and printing the catalog of title entries of the Copyright Office.

4 From 1939 to 1953 for comparative purposes includes appropriations under the following heads:
salaries, Legislative Reference; Index to State legislation; revision of the Annotated Constitution
of the United States of America. Appropriation title as of January 1971 changed to: Salaries and
Expenses, Congressional Research Service.

10 Includes comparative transfer of $210,000 from Books for the General Collections; $50,000 and
1 position from Preservation of Motion Pictures.

11 Excludes comparative transfer of $210,000 to Salaries and Expenses, Library of Congress.

12 Excludes comparative transfer of $50,000 and 1 position to Salaries and Expenses, Library of Congress.

13 Appropriation transferred to Librarian of Congress from Architect of Capitol.

1972 APPROPRIATION AND 1973 BUDGET REQUEST

Senator HOLLINGS. Now, Dr. Mumford, will you please proceed with your statement?

Mr. MUMFORD. I have a brief summary statement, Mr. Chairman. We appreciate this opportunity to appear before you to outline our program and request for 1973. My preliminary statement will be brief. I want primarily to call your attention at this time to the two major increases in the request, which together total about $6,500,000.

First, there is a request of $4,400,000 to begin to contract for the James Madison Memorial Library furniture and equipment and; second, about $2 million for the Congressional Research Service to continue expansion of services authorized by the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970.

The budget before you totals $77,210,900 in all funds, an increase of $9,117,650 over last year. About $1,500,000 of this increase is needed to maintain present levels of staff and services-to cover price and within-grade increases-in short, the funds necessary to keep the Library programs going at the present level.

FURNISHING LIBRARY OF CONGRESS JAMES MADISON MEMORIAL BUILDING

The first major increase I mentioned is essentially a non-recurring item of $4,400,000 to begin to contract and plan for the furnishing of the Library of Congress James Madison Memorial Building. A large portion of this request, specifically $4,250,000, is for the compact book shelving for the building. The lead time between the ordering and receipt of this equipment is conservatively estimated to be 20 months. Therefore, orders must be placed during fiscal 1973 if the building is to be ready for occupancy when completed in 1975.

I am sure that you would agree that it would be wasteful for the building to stand partially idle while we wait for delivery of these bookstacks. Included also are funds for planning the acquisition of the remainder of the furniture and equipment needed for the building.

CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

The other major increase is approximately $2 million for the Congressional Research Service, part of which will be used to continue expansion of services to meet the responsibilities outlined in the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970.

The principal intent of the act with respect to CRS, according to the report accompanying the bill, was "to provide massive aid in policy analysis" to congressional committees.

Additional positions were allowed in fiscal 1972 to make a beginning in implementing the Service's new responsibilities. This year the Service is requesting 120 new positions for the dual purpose of continuing an orderly expansion of activities as required by Congress and to maintain traditional services for which demands also continue to grow.

COPYRIGHT POSITIONS

Another request that follows congressional action is the request for 18 positions in the Copyright Office to operate the new registration

system for sound recordings required by the enactmentment of Public Law 92-140 on October 15, 1971.

OTHER INCREASES

The remaining increases not included in the special requests I have mentioned total less than $1,300,000. This amount includes a modest increase in the important program to preserve the Library's materials; some expansion of the reading program for the blind and physically handicapped; additional equipment to complete the mechanization of the Card Division; and 51 processing, reference, and administrative positions to keep up with the constant demands of a growing Research library.

In recognition of general conditions in the Nation and the Government, the part of the request that represents the basic needs of the present operations has been scaled down to a minimum.

REDUCTION OF REQUEST

In addition, as I reported to the House Subcommittee on Legislative Appropriations, I have made a final review of the estimates, taking into consideration new information since these requests were submitted, and I find that I am able to reduce the increases requested under several appropriations by a total of $413,575. We shall be pleased to detail these when we discuss the particular items.

As a result of a strict program of economies I instituted last fall, including a temporary freeze on filling vacancies, the Library is able to absorb about 70 percent of the January 1, 1972, pay raise for the current year.

However, I have asked that the 1973 budget request be amended to include annualization of these pay costs in the additional amount of $2,745,000.

This summary, as I have stated, does not speak to a number of other important areas, but my colleagues and I are here to answer your questions and furnish more detail and justification as we proceed. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

COMPACT SHELVING

Senator HOLLINGS. Dr. Mumford, why does it take so long to get bookshelves, 20 months?

Mr. MUMFORD. I can undertake to explain that in a general way, but I think our building planning coordinator can do better since it is somewhat technical.

Mr. POOLE. The bookshelves we are asking for are a relatively new development called compact stacks. In ordinary bookstack installations one must leave an aisle, illustrated here in the left-hand photograph, in order for people to get through and find the books. Compact stacks roll on tracks in order that you can fill up all the spaces. By this design we locate bookstacks in what would normally be aisles. There are only about three manufacturers in the United States who are equipped to do this job, largely because the design is new and because there has been limited demand and thus a limited number of installations in this country.

We believe that it is important to utilize every available inch of space in the building. These stacks make possible 80 to 100 percent greater utilization of available floor space. The design, preparation of shop drawings, fabrication, and installation requires, according to the manufacturer's best estimate, a year and a half, that is 18 to 20 months.

Stor HOLLINGS. These are tailor-made, then, for the building? Mr. POOLE. Not in the sense that they could not be used elsewhere. but these are not off-the-shelf items. They are manufactured to our specifications.

Senator HOLLINGS. You punch a button for the tiers of shelves to move?

Mr. POOLE. That is correct.

Senator HOLLINGS. They are electrically operated.

Mr. POOLE. That is correct. They have motors in the bases. You nush a button for the aisle you wish to enter and the stacks open up. They are a very effective means of utilizing space to the greatest advantage. Mrs. HAMER. And they have safety devices so that when somebody comes into an unauthorized aisle they don't get squashed among the books when the compact shelving is closed.

Senator HOLLINGS. I can see one of the TV programs where someone would push a button and get squashed.

Mr. POOLE. The safety devices used are very much like those on elevator doors. You hit the rubber gasket and that stops the stacks from closing.

Senator HOLLINGS. What about the maintenance? Did you look into that?

Mr. POOLE. CIA has used them. Maintenance is not a big problem but there is, of course, more with such mechanical devices, than with conventional bookstacks.

Senator HOLLINGS. It seems to be an excellent idea. I was just in a library in Ottawa, Canada, and a gentleman extended his regards to you, Dr. Mumford. Of course, they have those old-fashioned oaken shelves. The only part of the Parliament Building not burned was the library.

This compact stack seems to be most practical.

Mr. POOLE. We believe it will certainly make better use of our floor space.

Mr. MUMFORD. They are being used in a number of other libraries, also.

Mr. POOLE. Yes, sir. They have been used in the Diet Library in Japan, a number of libraries in Europe, and several libraries in this country.

INCREASES FOR CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE

Senator HOLLINGS. You are requesting 120 new positions for the orderly expansion activities required by Congress. Can you elaborate on that, Dr. Mumford? What generally have been the requirements of Congress?

Mr. MUMFORD. This is for the Congressional Research Service. The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 did place considerable additional responsibilities upon the Service. Its regular inquiries have continued to increase also.