BOOK Anno 1553. CHAP. VII. - The Queen sends to Cardinal Pole. The Queen THE Queen, out of that great opinion she had of Cardinal sends to Pole. Pole, either to make him her husband, or her Archbishop in Cranmer's room, sent letters to him, one dated from London, October 28, written in Latin, conveyed to him from the Emperor's court: probably brought thither by Commendone, who had been sent by the Pope's legate in that court a private agent unto her: and another, dated January 324 28. The Cardinal was coming now from the Pope, as his legate, and in his journey staid, for some reason of state, in the Emperor's dominions. In this stay he thought fit, in answer to both her letters, to send his mind at large by his messenger Thomas Goldwel; who was once, if I mistake not, Prior of the church of Canterbury; but long since fled out of England, and lived with Pole; and by the Queen afterwards preferred to the bishoprick of St. Asaph. The con letters. The contents of the Queen's former letter consisted in two tents of her points: the one concerning the difficulty she feared in Concerning renouncing the title of the supremacy. For she writ him, the supre- that, when the parliament yielded to the abolishing of the macy. laws, wherein her mother's matrimony was made illegitimate, the Lower House willingly agreed to the establishment of her right of succeeding to the crown, but made a great boggle of abolishing the title of the supremacy; thinking that might be a way to the introducing the Pope's authority again, which they could not gladly hear of: and therefore neither did they like to hear of a legate from the Pope. Hence the Queen, who knew Pole was now commissioned by the Pope for his legate in this kingdom, and ready to come, did entreat him to stop for a while. And she desired his advice, in case the parliament would not be brought to let go the law, wherein the supremacy was placed in the crown imperial of this land. The other point, wherein the Queen desired information of the Cardinal, was, how the commission she had privately given to Commendone was published in the consistory of Rome, as her ambassador, CHAP. resident at Venice, had certified her. VII. the new bi The sum of her other letter to the Cardinal was, con- Anno 1553. cerning certain persons that she had in her intentions to Concerning make bishops in the void sees: they were Morgan, White, shops. Parfew, Coates, Brooks, Holiman, and Bayn: how they might be put into those sees without derogation to the authority of the see apostolick. For she intended not to extend the power of the crown further than it was in use before the schism. She sent him also the two acts that had passed in the parliament, the one of the legitimation of the matrimony of Queen Katharine with King Henry, and the other of the sacraments to be used in that manner as they were used the last year of King Henry VIII., which she sent to him, because she knew they would be matter of comfort and satisfaction to him. Queen. tions to As to both these letters of the Queen, he gave instructions Pole's adto Goldwel to signify to her Majesty what his thoughts vice to the were. As to the first, his advice was, "that the authority "and acceptableness of the person goes a great way to "make any proposition well entertained and received by "the people. And that, seeing there were none, neither of Instruc"the temporalty nor spiritualty, but that had either spoke Goldwel. "or writ against the Pope's supremacy; therefore he thought Titus B. 2. "that her Majesty herself would be the fittest person to pro'pound it with her own mouth. Which was the course "the Emperor took to justify his war with the French King. "He did it by his own mouth before the Pope and Cardi"nals. He would have her at the same time to let the par"liament know plainly, that he, (Cardinal Pole,) being the "Pope's legate, was to be admitted and sent for. And 325 "therefore that, in order to this, the law of his banishment "might be repealed, and he restored in blood." As to the second point, which seemed to offend the Queen, that Commendone had revealed that in the consistory which she told him in much secresy, Pole said, "that he kept her counsel, " and told nothing that he heard from her mouth, but only "what he had heard of certain devout catholicks that knew "the Queen's mind. Which was in general concerning the "devout mind her Majesty bare to God and the church: BOOK stop. 66 "but that nothing was spoken of that particular matter, "that she would have none but the Pope made acquainted Anno 1553. “with." Which private matter, it seems, was, that she desired the Pope to make Pole his legate to England. Disgusts his But that he should be thus stopped in his journey, when the Pope had sent him upon such a weighty errand, the Cardinal signified in the same letter his disgust of. And, "he feared it might be so ill taken by the Pope and Cardinals, that they might send for him back again to Rome, " and not permit him to go on that intended charitable de"sign. And that it was contrary to her first commission; "when she shewed more fervency to receive the obedience "of the church: (as he took the confidence to tell her.) "And that therefore he was in some suspicion, that the next "commission he should receive from the Pope should be to "return back into Italy again: because the Pope might "think that he had done his part touching his demonstra"tion of his care of the Queen and her realms, when he "offered both so readily all graces that tended to make a "reconciliation of both to the church. In which perhaps Sends to Rome his stop; (said he) the cardinals would think his Holiness had been "too liberal. And, that they might take his stop, without "their consent, for a greater indignity. And this revocation "he still more feared, if his stay should be deferred any longer space." : The Cardinal, upon this his stay, sent a servant of his by about this post to Rome to make a fair excuse for this stop; namely, that the Queen shortly trusted that the matters of the parliament should have that satisfaction that the Cardinal desired which was the effect of a letter the Queen writ to one Henry Pyning, his servant. He also let the Pope know, by the aforesaid messenger, that it was the Emperor's advice that the Queen should proceed in matters of religion warily and slowly, and not to be too hasty, until temporal matters were better settled. And to the He also wrote letters to the Emperor, which he sent by Emperor. his servant Pyning, to persuade him to remove this stop: and bad his said servant to repair to the Emperor's confessor, that he should personally resort unto him, and by all means possible move the Emperor to let the Cardinal go forward. VII. As to the two acts of parliament which the Queen sent CHAP. him, he wrote her, "that they were partly to his satisfaction, and partly not. For the act of ratification of the Anno 1553. His judg"matrimony was defective, in that the parliament mention- ment of "ing the wisdom of the parents in making the match, did two late "måke no mention of their wisdom; in that, besides their parliament. 66 own consent, they procured the Pope's dispensation, and acts of "the authority of the see apostolic; whereby the impedi- sacraments that were not yet entered into the unity of "the church, and remained still in schism." But, to receive more full satisfaction in these matters, I refer the reader to the instructions given by the Cardinal to Goldwel, as they may be read in the Appendix. No. LXXV. CHAP. VIII. The Dealings with the married Clergy. THE marriage of the clergy gave great offence to those The mar ried clergy and di vorced. that were now uppermost. For many of both persuasions, deprived Papists as well as Protestants, had taken wives; it being allowed by a law in King Edward's days; but would now no longer be endured, and was pretended to be against an oath they had taken, when they received holy orders. For the Queen sent a letter and instructions, dated March 4, to all the bishops; some of the contents whereof were, "to "deprive all the married clergy, and to amove them from "their benefices and promotions ecclesiastical; and besides this, not to suffer them to abide with their wives, or women, (as the Papists now chose rather to style them,) "but to divorce and punish them. But that such priests "should be somewhat more favourably dealt withal, that, "with the consent of their wives, did openly promise to "abstain. These nevertheless were to be enjoined penance 66 66 IIL 66 BOOK "by the bishop, and then it lay in him to admit them again "to their former ministration; but not in the same place Anno 1553. “ they were in before. Of which they were to be deprived ; “ and a part of that benefice they were outed of was to be "allowed them, according to the bishop's dicretion." According to these instructions of the Queen, a sad havock was made among the clergy; some thousands being computed to be put out of their livings upon this account. And a good expedient it proved to get rid of the soberer clergy, that were not for the present turn. Married priests in London pear. That the reader may take some prospect of these transactions with the married clergy, I will here set down what was done with some of them under the jurisdiction of Canterbury by the Dean and Chapter, our Archbishop being now laid aside. Of those priests, beneficed in London, that pertained to the Archbishop of Canterbury's jurisdiction there, nine were cited to ap- cited, by a citation, March 7, (that is, but three days after the Queen's letter,) from the Dean and Chapter, Sede Cant. . tunc vacante, (as it is said in the said citation,) to appear in Bow-church, London, before Henry Harvey, LL. D. Vicargeneral, for being married men. These persons thus cited were these: John Joseph, Rector of the church of St. Mary le Bow; Stephen Green, Rector of St. Dionys back-church; Laurence Saunders, Rector of the church of Alhallowes in 327 Bred-street; Peter Alexander, Rector of Alhallowes, Lum Ex Regist. bard-street; Christopher Ashburn, Rector of St. Michael's, Crooked-lane; Thomas Mountain, Rector of St. Michael's in Rio-lane, John Turnor, Rector of St. Leonard's in Eastcheap; Richard Marsh, Rector of St. Pancrace; John Eliot, schoolmaster in the parish of St. Leonard, East-cheap. It may not be amiss to set down the tenour, wherein the citation ran, viz. "That since it was (alas!) notoriously manifest, Quod Eccl. Cant. «rectores et presbyteri, quorum nomina in pede hujus edicti specificantur, contra jura ecclesiæ, sanctorum patrum decreta, "et laudabiles ecclesia catholica generatim observatas et usita"tas consuetudines, sese prætextu fœderis conjugalis cum nonnullis fœminis illicite conjunxerint, sub falsa matrimonii ap"pellatione, cum iisdem publice cohabitaverint, et impudice xix |