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I.

Anno 1553.

bishop, together with Sir Thomas Smith, Secretary of State CHAP. to King Edward, and May, Dean of St. Paul's, came before the Queen's commissioners in the consistory of Paul's: and the Archbishop brought in his inventory. We are left to guess what he was now cited for. I suppose, it was to lay to his charge heresy, and his marriage; what more was done with him at this time I find not. He retired to his house at Lambeth, where he seemed to be confined.

For about the beginning of August, as may be collected And before from a letter of the Archbishop's to Cecyl, he was before the council. the council, about the Lady Jane's business, without all question. And then, with the severe reprimands he received, was charged to keep his house, and be forthcoming. At that time he espied Cecyl, who was in the same condemnation; and would fain have spoken with him, but durst not, as he told him in a letter dated August 14; as it seems, out of his love and care of him, lest his very talking with Cecyl might have been prejudicial to that pardon which he now lay fair for. But by letter he desired him to come over to him to Lambeth, because he would gladly commune with him, to hear how matters went, and for some other private causes, Cecyl being now at liberty. September 13. following, the Archbishop was again summoned to appear that day before the Queen's council. Then he appeared, and was dismissed; but commanded to be the next day in the Star. chamber. And so he was. The effect of which appearance was, that he was committed to the Tower, partly for setting his hand to the instrument of the Lady Jane's succession, and partly for the public offer he made a little before of justifying openly the religious proceedings of the deceased King. But the chief reason was, the inveterate malice his enemies conceived against him for the divorce of King Henry from the Queen's mother: the blame of which they laid wholly upon him, though Bishop Gardiner and other bishops were concerned in it as deep as he. In the Tower we leave the good Archbishop awhile, after we have told you, that, soon after the Queen coming to the Tower, some of the Archbishop's friends made humble suit for his pardon, and that he might have access to her: but she would neither hear him, nor see him.

BOOK

III.

The Arch

mitted to

and his

goods

seized;

Librar. Mis

cell. B.

Holgate also, the other Archbishop, about the beginning of October, was committed to the Tower, upon pretence of Anno 1553. treason, or great crimes: but chiefly, I suppose, because he bishop of was rich. And, while he was there, they rifled his houses York com- at Battersea and Cawood. At his former house they seized the Tower; in gold coined three hundred pounds; in specialties and good debts, four hundred pounds more; in plate gilt and parcel gilt, sixteen hundred ounces: a mitre of fine gold C.C.C.C. with two pendants, set round about the sides and midst with very fine pointed diamonds, sapphires, and balists, and all the plain with other good stones and pearls, and the pendants in like manner, weighing one hundred twenty-five ounces. Six or seven great rings of fine gold, with stones in them; whereof were three fine blue sapphires of the best; an emerald, very fine; a good Turkeys, and a diamond; a serpent's tongue set in a standard of silver, gilt and graven; the Archbishop's seal in silver, his signet, an old antick in gold the counterpane of his lease of Wotton, betwixt the late Duke of Northumberland and him, with letters patents of his purchase of Scrowby.

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At Batter

sea.

At Cawood.

Taken from Cawood, and other places appertaining to the Archbishop, by one Ellis Markham; first, in ready money, nine hundred pounds: two mitres; in plate, parcel gilt, seven hundred and seventy ounces; and gilt plate, eleven hundred fifty-seven ounces; one broken cross of silver gilt, with one image broken, weighing forty-six ounces; three obligations, one 371. 58. 1od; another for 151; another for 10l. Sold by the said Markham five score beasts, and four hundred muttons. Sold all the sheep belonging to the Archbishop, supposed to be two thousand five hundred. Moreover, he took away two Turkey-carpets of wool, as big and as good as any subject had also a chest, full of copes and vestments of cloth of tissue: two very good beds of down, and six of the best young horses that were at Cawood. Proffered to make sale of all his household stuff in five houses; three very well furnished, and two metely well. Sold all his stores of household: wheat, two hundred quarters; malt, five hundred quarters; oats, sixty quarters; wine, five or six tun. Fish and ling, six or seven hundred, with: very much household store; as fuel,

I.

hay, with many other things necessary for household. CHAP. Horses at Cawood, young and old, four or five score they received rent of his own land, five hundred pounds yearly at Anno 1553. the least. This was done by this Markham, upon pretence that he was guilty of treason, or great crimes. He gave to many persons money to the value of an hundred pounds and above, that they should give information against him. Besides, they took away good harness and artillery sufficient for seven score men. All this spoil was committed when he was cast in the Tower. Of all this injury he made a schedule afterwards, and complained thereof to the lords. By this one instance, which I have set down at large, as I extracted it from a paper in the Benet college library, we may judge what havock was made of the professors of religion, in their estates as well as their persons; as this Bishop was served, before any crime was proved against him.

Thus the other Archbishop (of York) was not to go without animadversion, any more than he of Canterbury. The former lay eighteen months in the Tower, and was deposed at last for being married, as well as Cranmer. Of this Gar-Gardiner's diner Bishop of Winchester, in his sermon at Paul's Cross, passage of (at which were present King Philip and Cardinal Pole,) gave Archbias he thought, this nipping gird: "Thus while we desired shops. “to have a supreme head among us, it came to pass, that 309

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"the two

we had no head at all; no, not so much as our two Arch"bishops. For that on one side, the Queen, being a woman, "could not be head of the church; and on the other side, "they were both convicted of one crime, and so deposed." This Archbishop of York continued in prison till 1554, when the Queen granted the request of the new King for the liberty of a great many prisoners, whereof this Prelate was one. He died the next year through grief (as it is probable) and suffering.

BOOK
III.

CHAP. II.

Anno 1553.

Protestant Bishops and Clergy cast into Prisons,
and deprived.

This reign INDEED in this first entrance of Queen Mary's reign, it

begins with rigour.

Hales' ora

tion.

The pro

shops de

prived.

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was a wonder to see that fierceness that it was ushered in with; the Papists thinking that this rigour at first would terrify all out of their former principles of true religion, and bring them to the devotion of the church of Rome again. And it was as marvellous to observe the steadfastness of the generality of the professors. "This Queen began her reign after that manner, (I use the words of one that "lived in that time,) that it might be conjectured, what "she was like after to prove: sending up for abundance "of people to appear before the council, either upon the Lady Jane's business, or the business of religion; and committing great numbers into prisons. And indeed she "boasted herself a virgin sent of God to ride and tame the 'people of England."

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To explain somewhat these austerities. They thought fit testant bi- to begin with the protestant clergy, bishops and others. For this purpose a commission was directed to the Bishops of London, Winchester, Chichester, and Durham, men sufficiently soured in their tempers by what befel them in the last reign. These were to discharge the protestant bishops and ministers of their offices and places, upon pretence either of treason, heresy, or marriage, or the like, to make way for their own men. "Thus John Tayler,

Registr.

Eccl. Cant." Bishop of Lincoln, was deprived, because he had a bad

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title, there being this clause in the letters patents, whereby he was made bishop, Quamdiu bene se gesserit, "and because he thought amiss concerning the Eucharist. "John Hoper was deprived of the bishoprick of Worcester "by the restitution of Nicolas Hethe, formerly deprived: "and removed from the see of Glocester for his marriage, "and other demerits. John Harley, Bishop of Hereford,

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II.

deprived for wedlock and heresy. Robert Farrar, Bishop CHAP. "of St. David's, deprived for wedlock and heresy. Wil"liam Barlow, Bishop of Bath, made a voluntary resignation. Anno 1553. "The bishoprick of Rochester was void three years, since "Scory was translated to Chichester. John Bird, an old

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man, married, was deprived of the bishoprick of Chester. "Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, (for I do "but transcribe now out of the register of the church "of Canterbury,) being called into question for high "treason, by his own confession was judged guilty thereof: "whence, in the month of December, the see of Can-310 terbury became vacant. Robert Holgate, Archbishop of "York, was deprived for wedlock, and was cast into the "Tower, and led a private life. The like happened to "Miles Coverdale of Exeter, by the restoring John Vayse, "who, out of fear, had formerly resigned. Cuthbert

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Bishop of Durham, formerly deprived, was restored. "Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London, restored: Nicolas "Ridley being removed from the said see, and cast into prison for making an ill sermon, and being noted for "heretical pravity. Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Win"chester, restored: John Poinet being ejected and impri“soned, and deprived of episcopacy for being married.” To which I must add, the see of Bristol, resigned by Paul Bush, the Bishop thereof.

How they proceeded with the inferior clergy in general The hard for being married, may be measured by their proceedings inferior with the clergy of London and Canterbury, which we clergy. shall see by and by: so that King Edward's clergy were now in the very beginning of this Queen very hardly used. "Some were deprived, never convict, no, nor never called a; "(I use the words of an author that lived in that “Queen's reign, and felt her severity;) some called that

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were fast locked in prison, and yet nevertheless deprived immediately. Some deprived without the cause of mar"riage after their ordersd. Some induced to resign upon "promise of pension, and the promise, as yet, never per

a Mr. Rich. Wilks.

Mr. Bradford, Bullingham, and May.

b Dr. Parker.

d A great number.

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