not unfrequently these are followed by convulsive fits, as they are commonly called, which depend on the brain becoming irritated: and sometimes under this condition the child is either cut off suddenly, or the foundation of serious mischief to the brain is laid. The remedy, or rather the safeguard, against these frightful consequences is trifling, safe, and almost certain, and consists merely in lancing the gum covering the tooth which is making its way through. When teething is about it may be known by the spittle constantly drivelling from the mouth and wetting the frock. The child has its fingers often in its mouth, and bites hard any substance it can get hold of. If the gums be carefully looked at, the part where the tooth is pressing up is swollen and redder than usual; and if the finger be pressed on it the child shrinks and cries, showing that the gum is tender. When these symptoms occur, the gum should be lanced, and sometimes the tooth comes through the next day, if near the surface; but if not so far advanced the cut heals and a scar forms, which is thought by some objectionable, as rendering the passage of the tooth more difficult. This, however, is untrue, for the scar will give way much more easily than the uncut gum. If the tooth do not come through after two or three days, the lancing may be repeated; and this is more especially needed if the child be very fractious, and seem in much pain. Lancing the gums is further advantageous, because it empties the inflamed part of its blood, and so relieves the pain and inflammation. The relief children experience in the course of two or three hours from the operation is often very remarkable, as they almost immediately become lively and cheerful.

392. TO MAKE BRITISH ANCHOVIES.-To a peck of sprats put two pounds of salt, three ounces of bay salt, one pound of saltpetre, two ounces of prunella, and a few grains of cochineal; pound them all in a mortar, then put into a stone pan or anchovy-barrel, first

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adopted by the beauties of the East to increase the length and strength of their eyelashes is simply to clip the split ends with a pair of scissors about once a month. Mothers perform the operation on their children, both male and female, when they are mere infants, watching the opportunity whilst they sleep; the practice never fails to produce the desired effect. We recommend it to the attention of our fair readers, as a safe and innocent means of enhancing the charms which so many of them, no doubt, already possess.

394. APPLE MARMALADE.-Peel and core two pounds sub-acid apples and put them in an enamelled saucepan with one pint of sweet cider, or half a pint of pure wine, and one pound of crushed sugar, and cook them by a gentle heat three hours, or longer, until the fruit is very soft, and then squeeze it first through a colander and then through a sieve. If not sufficiently sweet, add powdered sugar to suit your taste, and put away in jars made airtight by a piece of wet bladder. It is delicious when eaten with milk, and still better with cream.

395. CHEAP FUEL.-One bushel of small coal or sawdust, or both mixed together, two bushels of sand, one bushel and a half of clay. Let these be mixed together with common water, like ordinary mortar; the more they are stirred and mixed together the better; then make them into balls, or with a small mould make them in the shape of bricks, pile them in a dry place, and when they are hard and sufficiently dry, they may be used. fire cannot be lighted with them, but

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when the fire is quite lighted, put them on behind, with a coal or two in front, and they will be found to keep up a stronger fire than any fuel of the common kind.

396. DOMESTIC YEAST. - Ladies who are in the habit (and a most laudable and comfortable habit it is) of making domestic bread, cake, &c., are informed that they can easily manufacture their own yeast by attending to the following directions:- Boil one pound of good flour, a quarter of a pound of brown sugar, and a little salt, in two gallons of water, for one hour. When milk warm, bottle it, and cork it close. It will be fit for use in twentyfour hours. One pint of this yeast will make 18lbs. of bread.

397. COLD PARTRIDGE PIE.Bone partridges, the number according to the size the pie is wanted, make some good force, and fill the partridges with it; put a whole raw truffle in each partridge (let the truffle be peeled), raise the pie, lay a few slices of veal in the bottom, and a thick layer of force; then the partridges, and four truffles to each partridge; then cover the partridges and truffles over with sheets of bacon, cover the pie in and finish it. It will take four hours baking. Cut two pounds of lean ham (if eight partridges are in the pie) into very thin slices, put it in a stewpan along with the bones and giblets of the partridges, and any other loose giblets that are at hand, an old fowl, a faggot of thyme and parsley, a little mace, and about twenty-four shalots; add about a pint of stock. Set the stewpan on a stove to draw down for half an hour, then put three quarts of good stock; let it boil for two hours, then strain it off, and reduce the liquid to one pint; add sherry wine to it, and put aside till the pie is baked. When the pie has been out of the oven for half an hour, boil what was strained from the bones, &c. of the partridges, and put it into the pie. Let it stand for twenty-four hours before it is eaten. -N.B. Do not take any of the fat from the pie, as that is what preserves it. A

pie made in this manner will be eatable for three months after it is cut; in short, it cannot spoil in any reasonable time. All cold pies are made in this manner. Either poultry or game that is put into a raised crust, and intended not to be eaten until cold, should be boned, and the liquor that is to fill up the pie made from the bones, &c.

398. TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE IN A CHIMNEY.-So many serious fires have been caused by chimneys catching fire, and not being quickly extinguished, that the following method of doing this should be made generally known.-Throw some powdered brimstone on the fire in the grate, or ignite some on the hob, and then put a board or something in the front of the fireplace, to prevent the fumes descending into the room. The vapour of the brimstone ascending the chimney, will then effectually extinguish the soot on fire. (See 28.)

399. SUPERFLUOUS HAIR.-Any remedy is doubtful; many of those commonly used are dangerous. The safest plan is as follows:-The hairs should be perseveringly plucked up by the roots, and the skin, having been washed twice a day with warm soft water, without soap, should be treated with the following wash, commonly called MILK OF ROSES.-Beat four ounces of sweet almonds in a mortar, and add half an ounce of white sugar during the process; reduce the whole to a paste by pounding; then add, in small quantities at a time, eight ounces of rose water. The emulsion thus formed, should be strained through a fine cloth, and the residue again pounded, while the strained fluid should be bottled in a large stopped vial. To the pasty mass in the mortar add half an ounce of sugar, and eight ounces of rose water, and strain again. This process must be repeated three times. the thirty-two ounces of fluid, add twenty grains of the bichloride of mercury, dissolved in two ounces of alcohol, and shake the mixture for five minutes. The fluid should be applied

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with a towel, immediately after washing, and the skin gently rubbed with a dry cloth till perfectly dry. Wilson, in his work on Healthy Skin, writes as follows:-"Substances are sold by the perfumers called depilatories, which are represented as having the power of removing hair. But the hair is not destroyed by these means, the root and that part of the shaft implanted within the skin still remain, and are ready to shoot up with increased vigour as soon as the depilatory is withdrawn. The effect of the depilatory is the same, in this respect, as that of a razor, and the latter is, unquestionably, the better remedy. It must not, however, be imagined that depilatories are negative remedies, and that, if they do no permanent good, they are, at least, harmless; that is not the fact; they are violent irritants, and require to be used with the utmost caution. * * * * After all, the safest depilatory is a pair of tweezers and patience."

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400. DISINFECTING LIQUID.-In a wine bottle of cold water, dissolve two ounces acetate of lead, (sugar of lead ;) and then add two (fluid) ounces of strong nitric acid (aquafortis). Shake the mixture and it will be ready for use.-A very small quantity of the liquid, in its strongest form, should be used for cleansing all kinds of chamber utensils. For removing offensive odours, clean cloths thoroughly moistened with the liquid, diluted with eight or ten parts of water, should be suspended at various parts of the room. In this case the offensive and deleterious gases are neutralized by chemical action. Fumigation in the usual way is only the substitution of one odour for another. In using the above, or any other disinfectant, let it never be forgotten that fresh air—and plenty of it, is cheaper and more effective than any other material.

401. CLEANLINESS. —" I have more than once expressed my conviction that the humanizing influence of habits of cleanliness and of those decent observations which imply self-respect-the

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best, indeed the only foundation of respect for others has never been sufficiently acted on. A clean, fresh, and wellordered house exercises over its inmates a moral no less than a physical influence, and has a direct tendency to make the members of a family sober, peaceable, and considerate of the feelings and happiness of each other; nor is it difficult to trace a connexion between habitual feelings of this sort and the formation of habits of respect for property, for the laws in general, and even for those higher duties and obligations the observance of which no laws can enforce."Dr. Southwood Smith. (See 231.)

402. DYEING.-The filaments from which stuffs of all kinds are fabricated, are derived either from the animal or former by the property they possess of vegetable kingdom. We recognise the with potass; while the latter afford a liberating ammonia on being treated liquor having an acid reaction under dom furnishes three varieties — silk, the same treatment. The animal kingwool, and the furs, &c., of various animals; the vegetable kingdom also three

-flax, hemp, and cotton: all of which require certain preliminary preparawhich do not come within our province, tions to render them fit for the dyer, our space only admitting of a rapid glance at the production of the various colours.

403. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.-The

various shades produced by colouring matters may be classed in one or other of the following groups :—

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406. For blacks, browns, puces, and violets. The acetate or tartrate of iron must be employed.

407. For scarlets, use a tin mordant, made by dissolving in strong nitric acid one-eighth of its weight of sal-ammoniac; then adding by degrees one-eighth of its weight of tin, and diluting the solution with one-fourth of its weight of water. 408. CALICO, LINEN, AND MUSLIN. Blue.-Wash well to remove dressing, and dry; then dip in a strong solution of sulphate of indigo-partly saturated with potash-and hang up. Dry a piece to see if the colour is deep enough, if not, dip again.

409. Saxon Blue.-Boil the article in alum, and then dip in a strong solution of chemic blue.

410. Buff-Boil an ounce of anatto in three quarts of water, add two ounces of potash, stir well, and put in the calico while boiling, and stir well for five minutes; remove and plunge into cold pump water, hang up the articles without wringing, and when almost dry, fold.

411. Pink.-Immerse in the acetate of alumina mordant, and then in the colouring matter of a pink saucer.

412. Green. -Boil the article in an

alum mordant, and then in a solution of indigo mixed with any of the yellow dyes, until the proper colour is obtained.

413. Yellow.-1. Cut potatoe tops when in flower, and express the juice; steep articles in this for forty-eight hours. 2. Dip in a strong solution of weld after boiling in an aluminous mordant. Turmeric, fustic, anatto, &c., will answer the same as weld.

414. CLOTH. Black.-Impregnate the material with the acetate of iron mor dant, and then boil in a decoction of madder and logwood.

415. Madder red.-Boil the cloth in a weak solution of pearl-ash-an ounce to a gallon of water-wash, dry, and then steep in a decoction of bruised nutgalls. After drying, it is to be steeped twice in warm alum water, then dried and boiled in a decoction made of three quarters of a pound of madder to every pound of the article. It should then be taken out and dried, and steeped in a second bath in the same manner. When dyed, the articles should be washed in warm soap and water, to remove a dun-coloured matter given out by the madder.

416. Scarlet. Three quarters of a pint of a tin mordant, made by dissolving three pounds of tin in sixty pounds of hydrochloric acid, is added to every pound of lac dye, and digested for six hours. To dye twenty-five pounds of cloth, a tin boiler of seventy-five gallons capacity should be filled nearly full with water, and a fire kindled under it. When the heat is 150 deg. Fahr., half a handful of bran and two ounces of tin mordant are to be thrown into it. The froth which arises is skimmed off, the liquor is made to boil, and two pounds and three quarters of lac dye, previously mixed with a pound and three quarters of the solvent, and fourteen ounces of the tin solvent are added. Immediately afterwards two pounds and three quar ters of tartar, and a pound of ground sumach, both tied up in a linen bag, are to be added and suspended in the bath for five minutes. The fire being

withdrawn, five gallons of cold water, and two pints and three quarters of tin mordant being poured into the bath, the cloth is immersed in it. The fire is then replaced, and the liquid made to boil rapidly for an hour, when the cloth is removed and washed in pure water.

417. Yellow.-Use No. 2. for calico. Quercitron and weld produce a solid yellow; fustic, a very brilliant tint; white turmeric yields a less solid yellow. 418. FEATHERS. Black. Use the same as for cloth.

419. Blue. Every shade may be given by indigo-or dip in silk dye.

420. Crimson. Dip in acetate of alumina mordant, then in a boiling-hot decoction of Brazil wood-and, last of all, pass through a bath of cudbear.

421. Pink, or Rose colour, is given by safflower and lemon juice.

422. Deep red.-Proceed as for crimson, omitting the cudbear bath.

423. Yellow.-Mordant with acetate of alumina, and dip in a bath of turmeric, or weld.

424. HAIR. Black.-As the object in view is simply to dye the hair without tinging the skin, the following will be found the best :-Take equal parts of litharge and lime; mix well, and form into a paste with water, if a black is desired; with milk, if brown. Clean the head with a small-tooth comb, and then well wash the hair with soda and water to free it from grease; then lay on the paste pretty thick, and cover the head with oil-skin, or a cabbage-leaf: after which go to bed. Next morning the powder should be carefully brushed away, and the hair oiled.

425. LEATHER. Black.-Use No. 4 Black stain, and polish with oil.

426. Gloves, Nankeen.-Steep saffron in boiling hot soft water for about twelve hours; sew up the tops of the gloves, to prevent the dye staining the insides, wet them over with a sponge dipped in the liquid. A tea-cupful of dye will do a pair of gloves.

427. Gloves, Purple.-Boil four ounces of logwood, and two ounces of roche

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428. SILK. Black-Use the same as for cloth, but black dyeing is difficult.

429. Blue.-1. Wash quite clean, rinse well, and then dip in a hot solution of sulphate of iron, after a short time take it out and rinse again. Have ready in another vessel a hot solution of prussiate of potash, to which a small quantity of sulphuric acid has been added. Dip the silk in this liquid; on removal rinse in clean water, and expose to the air to dry. 2. Wash well, rinse, wring out, and then dip in the following:-Boil a pound of indigo, two pounds of woad, and three ounces of alum in a gallon of water. When the silk is of a proper colour, remove, rinse, and dry.

430. Carnation.-Boil two gallons of wheat and an ounce of alum in four gallons of water, strain through a fine sieve; dissolve half a pound more of alum and white tartar; add three pounds of madder, then put in the silk at a moderate heat.

431. Madder Red.-Use the dye for cloth.

432. Yellow.-Take clear wheat bran liquor fifteen pounds, in which dissolve three quarters of a pound of alum; boil the silk in this for two hours, and afterwards take half a pound of weld, and boil it till the colour is good. Nitre used with alum and water in the first boiling fixes the colour.

433. WOOL. Blue. - Boil in a decoction of logwood, and sulphate or acetate of copper.

434. Brown.-Steep in an infusion of green walnut-peels.

435. Drab.-Impregnate with brown oxide of iron, and then dip in a bath of quercitron bark. If sumach is added, it will make the colour a dark brown.