GARLAND, Hamlin, American lecturer and novelist: b. near West Salem, Wis., 16 Sept. 1860. When about 16 he became a pupil at the Cedar Valley Seminary, Osage, Iowa, though working as usual on the farm during six months of the year. He was graduated in 1881 from this school and for a year tramped through the Eastern States. He farmed and taught in Illinois and Dakota, went to Boston in 1884, intending to further qualify himself for teaching. He became a pupil and later an instructor in the Boston School of Oratory. During 188589 he taught classes in English and American literature and lectured on Browning, Shakespeare, The Drama, etc. In 1893 he took up residence in his native village of West Salem. Here he has resided ever since. A part of each year, however, is spent by the author in mountain traveling. His first book was 'Main-Traveled Roads (1890), frankly realistic fiction. Somewhat similar in character are 'A Spoil of Office' (1892); Prairie Folks' (1893); A Little Norsk (1891); 'Rose of Dutcher's Coolly (1895). Other works are Jason Edwards (1891); 'A Member of the Third House (1892); Wayside Courtships' (1897); 'Her Mountain Lover' (1901). He has also written a volume of criticism entitled 'Crumbling Idols (1894); 'Prairie Songs' (1894), a volume of verse; Ulysses Grant: His Life and Character' (1898); 'The Eagle's Heart' (1900); The Captain of the Gray Horse Troop (1902); 'Hesper' (1903); The Light of the Star (1904); The Tyranny of the Dark (1905); Victor Olnee's Discipline' (1911); Forester's Daughter) (1914). He is vice-president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, a member of the Players' Club and the originator and first president of the Cliff Dwellers, the leading artistic and literary club of the West. He is a persistent advocate of national character in fiction and in music.

GARLIC (Allium sativum), a species of onion long in cultivation. The leaves are grass-like, and differ from those of the common onion in not being fistulous. The stem is about two feet high, terminated by a head composed principally of bulbs instead of flowers; the flowers are white; the root is a compound bulb, consisting of several smaller bulbs, commonly denominated cloves, enveloped by a common membrane. Garlic has a strong, penetrating odor and a pungent acrid taste. It differs from the onion only by being more powerful in its effects. In warm climates, where garlic is considerably less acrid than in cold ones, it is much used both as a seasoning and as food. In the south of Europe, particularly in Spain, and among Italians in the United States, it enters into the composition of almost every dish, not only among the common people, but among the higher classes of society. At all times, however, while it has been prized by some nations it has been detested by others, as by the ancient Greeks. Its cultivation is easy, and it is reproduced by planting the radical or floral bulbs. Its medicinal virtues are celebrated.

GARLIC, Oil of. When the leaves, seeds or bulbs of garlic and other allied plants are distilled with steam, about 0.2 per cent of a brown oil, with acrid taste and strong disagreeable odor, passes over. By purification it is ob

tained as a pale yellow oil having the odor of garlic, and it is then found to consist of the sulphide of allyl (CH)2S. This oil is nearly related to the pungent oil of mustard, CHANCS, an isomer of the sulphocyanide of allyl, and is of much interest chemically, but it is of no importance from an industrial point of view.

GARMAN, Harrison, American naturalist: b. Lena, Ill., 27 Dec. 1858. Educated in the public schools and the State Normal University; studied later at Johns Hopkins University. He has held many professional positions, among them, first assistant in the Illinois Laboratory of Natural History and associate professor of zoology in the University of Illinois and is now professor of entomology and zoology of Kentucky State University. He has been State entomologist of Kentucky since 1897. He has written numerous articles on botany, zoology and entomology.

GARMAN, Samuel, American naturalist: b. Indiana County, Pa., 5 June 1846. He was graduated at the Illinois State Normal University in 1870, and became assistant in herpetology and ichthyology in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., in 1873. His works include Fishes and Reptiles from Lake Titicaca' (in Bulletin Museum Comp. Zoology, Vol. III, 1871-76) and, as joint author, 'Exploration of Lake Titicaca' (same volume of that Bulletin).

GARNEAU, gär'no, François Xavier, French-Canadian historian: b. Quebec, 1809; d. 1866. Educated in his native city, he became a notary in 1830, and devoted his leisure to making researches into the history of Canada. In 1831 he went to England and returned to Quebec in 1833. He afterward became translator to the legislative assembly of Lower Canada and city clerk of Quebec. His 'Histoire du Canada,' published in four volumes, recounts the story of all the French colonies in North America until 1763, and from that date deals with Canada only. Its publication gave a great impetus to literary productivity in French Canada.

GARNER CASE, 1856, the most tragic of the fugitive-slave_cases. Simon Garner, his wife, and his son Robert, slaves of John Marshall of Kentucky, and Robert's wife Margaret and their four children, slaves of A. R. Gaines, ran away, crossed the Ohio on the ice, and took refuge with a Cincinnati colored man. Gaines tracked them, secured a warrant, and with a deputy marshal and a band of assistants attacked the house. After a desperate fight the fugitives were overpowered, one of the posse being badly wounded; but Margaret, who had shared in the conflict, found time before her capture to murder one of the children, severely cut the throats of two others, and considerably bruised the baby, to keep them from returning to slavery. In sympathy with them, and to establish their freedom as denizens of Ohio, a Cincinnati judge issued a writ of habeas corpus, and the grand jury indicted Margaret for the murder of her child, and her husband and his father as accessories. The United States Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 prevailed, however; the slaves were given back to their owners and sent down the river. On the voyage Margaret

jumped overboard with the baby; she was rescued, but the child was lost, at which she expressed satisfaction.

GARNET, Henry Highland, Afro-American clergyman: b. New Market, Md., 1815; d. 1882. He was born in slavery and at the age of 10 was brought to New York by his parents, who effected their escape from slavery. He received his education at Canaan Academy and at Oneida Institute. He was made pastor of a Presbyterian Church in Troy, N. Y. in 1842. He became prominent among the Abolitionists and for many years edited the Clarion, a weekly periodical advocating the abolition of slavery. He lectured on slavery in Great Britain in 1850-53 and for the next two years was missionary in Jamaica under the protection of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. From 1855 to 1865 and again from 1869 to 1881 he was pastor of Shiloh Presbyterian Church in New York. In 1865-69 he held a pastorate in Washington, D. C. In 1881 he was made Minister and Counsel-General to Liberia, and died within a few months after his arrival in that republic.

GARNET.

See GEMS; MINERAL PRODUC

TION OF THE UNITED STATES.

GARNETT, James Mercer, American educator: b. Aldie, Va., 24 April 1840; d. Baltimore, Md., 18 Feb. 1916. He was graduated at the University of Virginia in 1859. He served with the Confederate army during the Civil War and rose to be a captain of artillery. During 1869-70 he studied in Berlin and Leipzig, and in 1870 was appointed president of Saint John's College, Annapolis, which post he occupied for 10 years. Following this he taught at the University of Virginia and the Woman's College in Baltimore. He was a former president of the American Philological Association, and vice-president of the Modern Language Association. For many years he was a member of the University Club of Baltimore. He edited 'Selections in English Prose' (1891); and published a 'Translation of Beowulf' (1882; 6th ed., 1900), a literal version in metre resembling the original; Elene and Other Anglo-Saxon Poems (1889-1900); and a 'History of the University of Virginia' (1901).

a

GARNETT, Richard, English poet and librarian: b. Lichfield, Staffordshire, 27 Feb. 1835; d. London, 13 April 1906. He was appointed in 1851 assistant in the printed book department of the British Museum, became superintendent of the reading-room in 1875, but resigned in 1884 to devote himself more exclusively to the printing of the Museum Catalogue, of which he had had charge from its commencement. He published Primula: Book of Lyrics' (1858); Io in Egypt and Other Poems' (1859); (Poems from the German' (1862); Relics of Shelley (1862); Idylls and Epigrams' (1869); 'Selections of Shelley's Poems (1880); 'Letters' (1882); 'Life of Carlyle' (1887); 'Life of Emerson' (1887); Twilight of the Gods' (1888); 'Life of Milton (1890); 'Iphigenia in Delphi' (1891); Poems (1893); William Blake: Painter and Poet' (1895); The Age of Dryden' (1895); One Hundred and Twentyfour Sonnets from Dante, Petrarch and Camoens' (1896); Richmond on the Thames' (1896); Life of Edward Gibson Wakefield'

(1898); History of Italian Literature) (1898); Essays in Librarianship and Bibliography) (1899); The Queen and Other Poems' (1901); Essays of an Ex-Librarian' (1901); and, with Edmund Gosse, 'English Literature) (1903-04). He also contributed extensively to the magazines and cyclopedias. He resigned from the Museum in 1899.

GARNETT, Robert Selden, American soldier: b. Essex County, Va., 16 Dec. 1819: d. Carrick's Ford, Va., 13 July 1861. Graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1841 and made brevet second lieutenant of artillery, he served on the northern frontier during the Canadian border disturbances, and distinguished himself in the war with Mexico (1846-48), receiving the brevet of major for his conduct at Buena Vista. He was transferred to the Seventh Infantry in 1848, fought in Florida against the Seminoles, and was commandant at West Point in 1852-54. In 1855 he was promoted major of infantry, and in 1856 commanded the expedition against the Indians of Puget Sound. At the outbreak of the Rebellion in 1861 he resigned his commission, and was made adjutant-general, with colonel's rank, to organize the Virginia forces. Shortly afterward he was appointed brigadiergeneral, C. S. A., and given command of the troops in the western part of Virginia. While endeavoring to retreat to Beverly, he was overtaken by the Federals at Carrick's Ford, Cheat River, and took command of a detachment with which he sought to cover the retreat. His force was routed, and he was killed during the combat.

GARNETT, Kan., city and county-seat of Anderson County, on the Pottawattomie River, and on the Missouri Pacific and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroads, 45 miles northwest of Fort Scott. It has good educational institutions, including a United Presbyterian college; large manufactures of furniture, flour, lumber and cheese. It adopted the commission form of government in 1913. Pop. 2,334.

GARNIER, gär'nya', Charles, Jesuit missionary: b. Paris, 25 May 1606; d. 7 Dec. 1649. He was educated at the Jesuit College of Clermont and joined the order in 1624. In 1636 he was sent to the Canadian mission at his own request. He went to the Hurons and spent 14 years among them. In 1637, again in 1639 with Jogues, and later with Pijart-he attempted the conversion of the Tobacco nation and finally was successful. In 1646 they asked for the black robes and Garnier went to dwell with them until his death. In 1649 the Iroquois attacked the Tobaccos and during the massacre of Saint John's village Garnier was slain while ministering to the wounded. Parkman compares his life to that of Saint Peter Claver among the blacks, and calls it a voluntary martyrdom. Consult Bressau, 'Les Jésuites martyrs du Canada' (Montreal 1877); Martin, "Vie manuscrite et lettres du Pére Garnier.'

GARNIER, Jean Louis Charles, French architect: b. Paris, 6 Nov. 1825; d. 4 Aug. 1898. He was a pupil of Leviel and Lebas at the Beaux-Arts, won the Prix de Rome in 1848 with his design for a conservatory of arts and industries, traveled in Italy, Turkey and Greece, and in 1861 won the competitive prize for plans of the new Paris Opera. In 1863-74

he superintended the construction of this costly and important work, whose ch'ef feature is its grand staircase, but which is by some thought to be overladen with accessories of painting and sculpture. In addition to this, his principal achievement, he designed buildings, public and private, at Paris and elsewhere. He was the author of Travers les Arts' (1869); 'L'habitation humaine,' with Ammann (1892); and editor 'Le nouvel Opéra de Paris' (1876-81).

GARNIER, Marie Joseph François, commonly known as FRANCIS, French explorer: b. Saint-Etienne, 25 July 1839; d. Hanoi, Tongking, China, 2 Dec. 1873. He entered the French navy, served in the war with China in 1860-62 and became a civil officer in the newlyestablished colony of Cochin-China. In 1866 he was appointed to assist Capt. Doudart de Lagrée in an exploring expedition which set out from the coast of Cambodia and proceeded through Yunnan to Shanghai, the purpose being to open a highway of trade. Garnier explored the river Mekong, and, on the death of Doudart de Lagrée, assumed command of the expedition, which he brought successfully along the Yangtse-kiang to Shanghai. The geographical societies of France and Great Britain bestowed numerous honors upon him. He took part in the defense of Paris in 1870-71, and again undertook explorations in China. The governor of Cochin-China empowered him to negotiate a treaty with the viceroy of Tongking. Upon the refusal of the viceroy to open negotiations, Garnier captured Hanoi, the capital, and achieved further victories with a force of but 120. He was finally killed in an ambush. His 'Voyage d'Exploration en Indo-Chine pendant 1866-68 (1873) is a notable book.

GARNIERITE, a green, amorphous mineral, one of the most important ores of nickel. It is a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesium, the ratio of the two metals varying widely. It is soft and very brittle and has a specific gravity of 2.3 to 2.8. It is extensively mined in New Caledonia and also occurs in large quantities in Douglas County, Ore., and Jackson County, N. C. It was named after the French geologist, Garnier.

GARNISHMENT, in law, a process by which a third person, in whose possession the effects of the defendant are attached, is warned not to turn over such effects to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information. This process is controlled by statute in the States where it exists, and the demands of the statutes must be fully met by any plaintiff seeking to make use of the process. A corporation's debts may not be garnisheed; neither may the process be invoked to interfere with a Federal court's judgment. The process is called in some States trustee process, in others factorizing, and in still others attachment, the more general title. The third party, who is known as the garnishee, is liable for only such property as is not encumbered by trusts and may be delivered by the officer serving said process. Virtually, the process is a secondary suit brought by the suing creditor against the third party, or garnishee, the creditor claiming the rights of the defendant in the primary action. Consult Rood on Garnishment' (1896). See ATTACHMENT; REPLEVIN.

GAROFALO, gä-rō'fä-lo, Benvenuto (originally BENVENUTO TISI DA GAROFALO), Italian painter: b. Ferrara, 1481; d. there, 6 Sept. 1559. In this city and in Cremona he cultivated his talents for painting; but the masterpieces of art in Rome exercised the greatest influence upon him. In the year 1505 he is said to have returned to Rome, and to have formed a very close intimacy with Raphael, who often made use of his assistance. He afterward painted for Alfonso I, in his native city. Garofalo's works show the influence of all the schools, particularly of the Lombard, and still more so of Raphael's, whom he surpassed in coloring. Most of his works are at Rome. Several of them, however, are in the galleries of Vienna and Dresden.

GAROFALO, Raffaele, BARON, Italian criminologist: b. Naples, 1852. He received his education at the University of Naples, became president of the Ferrara Civil Court, subsequently served as justice of the Naples Court of Appeals and finally became professor of criminal procedure and law at the University of Naples. He also prepared and edited material for a new code of procedure. He published Criminologia: studio sul delitto e sulla teoria della repressione) (1885; Eng. trans., by Millar 1914), and 'Riforma della procedura penale in Italia) (1889).

GARONNE (Lat. Garumna), a river of southwestern France, the chief one of that section, rising in the Pyrenees, at the foot of Mount Maladetta, in the Val d'Aran, within the Spanish border. It enters France at a distance of 26 miles from its mouth. The Garonne flows in a general northeasterly direction through the department of Haute-Garonne to Toulouse, whence it proceeds in a northwesterly course. Some 20 miles below Bordeaux it forms a junction with the Dordogne; it then takes the name Gironde, and enters the Atlantic Ocean by an estuary of 50 miles in length. The complete length of the river is about 400 miles. Ocean-going steamers may ascend to Bordeaux, and the river is navigable to Toulouse and beyond. From Toulouse the Canal du Midi extends to the Mediterranean. Several destructive floods have taken place, that of 1875 having caused special damage. With its tributaries the Garonne offers a system of waterways navigable for more than 1,400 miles,

32

a total exceeding that afforded by any other French stream. The total drainage area approaches 38,000 square miles.

GARRARD, Kenner, American soldier: b. Cincinnati, Ohio, 1830; d. there, 15 May 1879. He was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1851, was made brevet second lieutenant in the artillery, but in 1852 was transferred to the dragoons, and after service, largely in the Northwest, was made captain of cavalry in 1861. During the early part of the Civil War he was in the commissary-general's office at Washington, and in 1861-62 commandant at West Point. In September 1862 he was commissioned colonel of the 146th New York Volunteers, which he commanded at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. services in the last-named battle he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel. In 1863 he was promoted brigadier-general of the United States

For

Volunteers, and afterward he participated in the combat at Rappahannock Station and the Mine Run operations. He took part, also, in the invasion of Georgia, was brevetted colonel for services in the expedition against Covington, Ga., and from December 1864 to July 1865 commanded the second division of the 16th army corps. He distinguished himself by his efficiency in the battle before Nashville and in the operations against Mobile; led the storming column which finally captured Blakely (9 April 1865); and was in command of the district of Mobile in August-September 1865. Mustered out of the volunteer service in August 1865, he was assistant inspector-general of the Department of the Missouri in 1866, and in November 1866 resigned from the army, being at that time major, with the brevet of major-general for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the Rebellion,

GARRETT, Alexander Charles, American Protestant Episcopal bishop: b. Ballymot, County Sligo, Ireland, 4 Nov. 1832. He was graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, in 1855; was ordained priest in 1857; held the curacy of East Worldham, Hampshire, in 1856-59; was a missionary in British Columbia in 1859-69; rector Saint James', San Francisco, in 1870-72, and dean of Trinity Cathedral, Omaha, 1872-74. In 1874 he became missionary bishop of northern Texas, and subsequently bishop of Dallas. His publications include The Eternal Sacrifice'; 'Baldwin Lectures on the Philosophy of the Incarnation'; "Historical Continuity' (1875).

GARRETT, Edmund Henry, American artist and author: b. Albany, N. Y., 19 Oct. 1853. Pupil of Laurens, Boulanger and Lefebvre. He has exhibited at the principal exhibitions in America and the Paris Salon. Medal, Boston 1890; was member jury, Saint Louis Exposition. He has published Elizabethan Songs (1891); Victorian Songs) (1895); Three Heroines of New England Romance (1894); 'Romance and Reality of the Puritan Coast) (1897); (The Pilgrim Shore' (1900); Translation of Merimée's Carmen' (1896); Flowers of Fancy); 'Roses of Romance. He has received recognition in Italy for services to the Latin tongue.

GARRETT-ANDERSON, MRS. Elizabeth, first English woman doctor: b. London, 1836; d. Aldeburgh, Suffolk, 17 Dec. 1917. She was one of the pioneers of that phase of the movement for the "emancipation" of women which aimed at throwing open to them the doors of the medical profession. Her attention was attracted to medicine by Miss Elizabeth Blackwell (q.v.), an Englishwoman who after many fruitless attempts was permitted to graduate M.D. of the University of Geneva, Beaver Falls, Pa. Miss Garrett, however, was the first woman to secure an English diploma. She began her medical studies in 1860, despite the fact that there was no school (in England) where she could be received, and no examining body willing to admit her to its examinations. The male students of Middlesex Hospital in London presented a memorial against the admission of women, and Miss Garrett was barred from that and other hospitals. Eventually the Society of Apothecaries authorized her to get her education

privately from teachers of recognized medical schools, and finally gave her the desired qualification of L.S.A. in 1865, this being a genuine doctor's degree. She opened a dispensary for poor women and children in Marylebone, London, in 1866. Suddenly the Society of Apothecaries adopted a new rule which refused recognition of certificates granted for private studies, which made Miss Garrett's diploma void. She went to Paris, passed the examinations and returned to England with an M.D. degree in 1870. In 1870 she became a candidate at the London school board election, and was returned at the head of the poll for Marylebone, where her dispensary developed into the "New Hospital for Women and Children" in Euston road. She married in 1871. In 1874 she assisted in the establishment of the London School of Medicine for Women, in conjunction with her hospital of 26 beds. But the General Medical Council of England stipulated that only a general hospital of 150 beds could be recognized as adequate for teaching purposes. After three years of struggle and appeal, an alliance was formed between the Women's School of Medicine and the Royal Free Hospital in Gray's-in-road, which met the official requirements. The strenuous efforts of the devoted little band of women "would-be doctors were rewarded in 1876 by an act of Parliament enabling British examining bodies to include women. Until 1892 Mrs. GarrettAnderson was the only female member of the British Medical Association; in that year all restrictions were removed. Mrs. Garrett-Anderson was lecturer on medicine at the London School for Women for 23 years, and for over 24 years she was senior physician of the New Hospital for Women. In 1908 she was elected mayor of Aldeburgh, the first woman in England to receive that civic honor. Her son, Sir Alan Garrett-Anderson, succeeded Sir Eric Geddes as Controller of the Navy in August 1917; her daughter, also a doctor, was head of a military hospital in the European War.

GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE, the second oldest theological seminary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, located at Evanston, Ill. Although its plant is located on the campus of the Northwestern University it is not a department of the university. It has its own board of trustees, funds, property and library. It is, however, closely affiliated with the university. It was founded in 1855, through the liberality of Mrs. Eliza Garrett. Its first class graduated in 1858. It has had only six presidents in its long career: Dr. John Dempster, Bishop Matthew Simpson, Bishop W. Ninde, Dr. H. B. Ridgaway, Dr. Charles J. Little and Dr. Charles M. Stuart, the present incumbent. It has a faculty of 18 members, a student body in 1917-18 of 245. It has graduated 1,455 students and has had a total of over 3,700 students. Among its graduates and students are included nine bishops, 76 educators, 18 editors and 120 missionaries. It has not only prepared men for the Methodist ministry, but its men are serving in the Congregational, Presbyterian, Protestant Episcopal, Lutheran, Mennonite and other churches. In 1912 the school was divided into a Graduate School primarily for college men; and the Diploma School for men with less than collegiate training. In 1915 the quarter system was adopted, September

being the only month when the seminary is not in session. In 1917 the first units of a new plant were erected which will ultimately cost a million dollars. The seminary owns considerable property in the city of Chicago. It has an endowment of over $948,000 and a library of 51,612 volumes.

GARRICK, David, English actor: b. Hereford, England, 19 Feb. 1717; d. London, 20 Jan. 1779. His grandfather was a French refugee, his father a captain in the army: He was educated at the grammar school at Lichfield. He gave an early proof of his dramatic tendency by inducing his school-fellows to act the Recruiting Officer, in which he himself took the part of Sergeant Kite, being then only 12 years of age. Later he was placed with a brother under Dr. Samuel Johnson. In 1741 he joined Giffard's company at Ipswich, where under the name of Lyddal he played with uniform suc

cess.

He

At this time the stages of the metropolis were but indifferently supplied with leading performers, so that when Giffard, who was manager of a threatre in Goodman's-fields, introduced his accomplished recruit there, 19 Oct. 1741, the effect was immediate and decisive. judiciously chose the part of Richard III, which did not require that dignity of person in which he was deficient, while it gave him scope for all the strong marking of character and changes of passion in which his principal excellence consisted. He at the same time adopted a natural mode of recitation, which was a daring innovation on the part of a new performer before audiences accustomed to the artificial declamation of the school which preceded him. He afterward visited Dublin, where his success was even greater than in the metropolis, and in 1745 became joint manager with Sheridan of a theatre there. In 1746 he was engaged for the season at Covent Garden, and at its close purchased Drury Lane, and opened it 15 Sept. 1747, with the Merchant of Venice, to which Dr. Johnson wrote a prologue for the occasion. This period formed an era in the English stage, from which may be dated a comparative revival of Shakespeare, and a reform both in the conduct and license of the drama. In 1749 he married Eva Marie Violette (1724-1822), and his married life seems to have been happy. The next year (1750) he and Mrs. Bellamy were playing 'Romeo and Juliet' at Drury Lane, while Barry and Mrs. Cibber were giving the same play at Covent Garden; but the Covent Garden opposition failed, and it has been truly said of Garrick that the remainder of his theatrical career was an uninterrupted series of successes that brought enduring prosperity. He had written, while an actor, his farces of 'The Lying Valet'; 'Lethe,' and Miss in Her Teens'; and in 1766 he composed, jointly with Colman, the excellent comedy of The Clandestine Marriage.' The year 1769 was signalized by the famous Stratford jubilee-a striking proof of his enthusiasm for Shakespeare. It occupied three days at Stratford, and its representation at the theatre lasted for 92 nights. The last part which he performed was Don Felix in The Wonder,' for the benefit of the theatrical fund (10 June 1776). At the conclusion of the play he addressed a brief farewell to the audience. The general feeling with which this was delivered

and received rendered it truly impressive. His remains were interred in Westminster Abbey, his funeral being attended by a numerous_assemblage of rank and talent. As an actor Garrick has rarely been equaled for truth, nature and variety and facility of expression, for which his countenance appears to have been admirably adapted. Expression and the language of passion formed his great strength, as he was equaled by many of his contemporaries in the enunciation of calm sentimental and poetical declamation. His literary talents were respectable, but not eminent; besides the pieces already mentioned he wrote some epigrams, a great number of prologues and epilogues, and a few dramatic interludes, and made many and sometimes judicious alterations of old plays. A collection of his works was published in London (1768-98), and his correspondence 1831-32. Consult Knight, 'Life of David Garrick' (London 1894); Parsons, Garrick and his Circle (Boston 1907).

GARRIGAN, Philip Joseph, American Roman Catholic prelate: b. Cavan, Ireland, 8 Sept. 1840. While he was still very young the family came to America and settled in Massachusetts and in the schools of that State he received his elementary education. He afterward studied at Saint Charles' College, Maryland, later taking an ecclesiastical course at Saint Joseph's Seminary, Troy, N. Y., where on 10 June 1870 he was ordained priest. He was then appointed assistant in Saint John's Church, Worcester, Mass. In 1873 he became vice-president of the Troy Seminary and after three years was recalled to the diocese of Springfield. In 1888 he was chosen vice-rector of the Catholic University, Washington, D. C., and continued to hold the vice-rectorship until 21 March 1902, when Pope Leo XIII selected him for the newly-created episcopal see of Sioux City. He was consecrated bishop at Springfield, Mass., 25 May 1902.

GARRISON, George Pierce, American historical scholar: b. Carrollton, Ga., 19 Dec. 1853. He was educated at Sewanee College, Tennessee, and the universities of Edinburgh and Chicago; became instructor in English and history in the University of Texas in 1884, assistant professor of history in 1888 and professor in 1897. He has published The Civil Government of Texas' (1898), etc..

GARRISON, Lindley Miller, American lawyer and cabinet officer: b. Camden, N. J., 28 Nov. 1864. He was educated at the Protestant Episcopal Academy of Philadelphia, at Phillips Exeter Academy and at Harvard University. He studied law in the offices of Redding, Jones and Carson, Philadelphia, and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1886. In 1888 he was admitted to the New Jersey bar and practised at Camden, N. J., until December 1898, when he became member of the firm of Garrison, McManus and Enright of Jersey City. From 1904 to 1913 he was vice-chancellor of New Jersey. On 5 March 1913 he became Secretary of War in the cabinet of President Wilson. On 10 Feb. 1916 he resigned his cabinet post and has since been a member of the law firm of Hornblower, Miller, Garrison and Potter of New York.

GARRISON, William Lloyd, American reformer: b. in Newburyport, Mass., 12 Dec. 1805; d. New York, 24 May 1879. He was