BOOK the New. The leisure they now enjoyed with the ArchbiII. shop, they spent in preparing their respective lectures. FaAnno 1549. gius entered upon the evangelical Prophet Esaias, and Bucer

Fagius dies.

upon the Gospel of the Evangelist John: and some chapters in each book were dispatched by them. But it was not long, but both of them fell sick: which gave a very unhappy stop to their studies.

Fagius his distemper proved mortal; who was seized at first with a very acute fever. And notwithstanding physic and attendance, remaining very ill, he had a great desire to remove to Cambridge to his charge appointed him, hoping the change of air might help him. He made a shift to travel thither, leaving his dear colleague sick behind him. But Fagius still declining in his health, ardently desired Bucer's company who on the fifth of November came to Cambridge. And ten days after Fagius deceased, aged about forty-five years, to the extraordinary loss of that university, and the grief of all pious men that wished well to religion: and, which was most to be lamented, before he had given any specimen of his learning and abilities in England; though he had already given many to the world: all shewing what a master he was in Hebrew and Rabbinical learning. His published labours of this nature (all within the space of six years) may be seen in the Appendix: which I XLIV. have placed there for the preserving the memory of that learned professor, which our university of Cambridge was once honoured with.

Num.

The Arch

sends mo

dow.

The good Archbishop, troubled at the sudden death of bishop this learned man, from whom he had promised himself ney to Fa- some great good to accrue to the university, sent a letter, gius's wi- November the last, unto his sorrowful companion Bucer, desiring him, among other things, as from him, to comfort Fagius's widow, and to let her know, that he had sent her by the carrier seven and twenty pounds, which was part of the stipend due out of the exchequer to her husband: which, although it were not yet paid into Cranmer's hands, yet he thought good to send her the money so soon, that it might be some alleviation of her present sorrow. There were fifty pounds due for his readings, reckoning from Lady-day last, when his pension began; but three pounds

were disbursed for charges in taking out the patent, and CHAP. twenty pounds the Archbishop had sent him before.

XIII.

Bucer la

MSS.

Bucer above all lamented the loss of his mate, and wrote Anno 1549. a sorrowful letter ad fratres et symmystas, to his brethren ments his and fellow-ministers in Germany upon this subject. And in loss. a letter to P. Martyr, then at Oxon, he not only complained c.C.C.C. of this heavy loss, but, as if himself were like to follow him, of several things that made him uneasy at Cambridge, where he was now placed; as of the want of a convenient house, of a body impatient of cold, which the time of the year made him begin to feel, need of necessaries: that the letters patents were not yet signed, [for his salary,] and the slow and uncertain payment of his pension. But Cranmer, out of that high respect he had for him, was not wanting in his diligence in due time to make all easy to him; and to have so useful and grave a man well provided for. But the next year, the last day of February, Bucer followed his companion to the other world: but not before he had made himself and his learning known to the university which, to qualify him to moderate at the public disputations at the Commencement, had given him the degree of doctor, as a peculiar honour done him, without the common rites and forms ordinarily used in those cases. Yet he chose to do his exercises, responding the first day of the Commencement, and opposing the second, with great learning, and no less satisfaction of the university.

CHAP. XIV.

Peter Martyr disputes in Oxford, being challenged thereunto.
THE Papists in both universities were resolved to try the

metal and learning of their new professors; being exceed-
ingly nettled at their coming, and offended at their read-
ings.

Those of P. Martyr at Oxon highly provoked many in P. Martyr challenged that university, that could not endure to hear the old error publicly to of the corporeal presence opposed. And of such there were a disputa

tion.

II.

BOOK not a few, and especially the heads of the colleges; the elder sort being more stiff and prejudiced to their old ways Anno 1549. and opinions. This doctrine of the sacrament was first ob199 scured, and afterwards depraved: and so this error being

per Simler.

entertained, became a door for the letting in a flood of suVit. Mart. perstition and idolatry into the church. This Martyr well knew, and therefore with wonderful pains endeavoured to vindicate the truth of the Eucharist from error and corruption. And this procured him many enemies here. For they could not endure him: and first raised up among the people slanders against him; as though he impugned the doctrine of the ancients, and shook the laudable ceremonies of the church, and profaned the sacrament of the altar, and in effect trampled it under his feet. And this noise being a little stilled, not long after, the day before he was to read publicly, they set up bills in English upon all the doors of the churches, that on such a day there should be a public disputation about the presence of Christ in the sacrament, Martyr knowing nothing of it, though he was designed to be the disputant. The day being come, the schools were filled with great numbers of such who favoured the Papists and these were instructed to be ready to make loud clamours and tumults, and to proceed to blows, if need The students also and the townsmen flocked together at the noise of this dispute, to see the event, and to make a party, according as they stood affected. When the day was come, notwithstanding his friends persuaded him not to adventure himself to read that day, lest he might incur some danger, he went and did his duty. For he said, "he would not be wanting to his office, nor neglect the place the King had intrusted him with; and that there

His Answer hereunto.

66

66

were.

were many, that came questionless to hear his lectures, "whom he would not disappoint." As he, with his friends accompanying him, went to his reading, a servant of Richard Smith, D.D. whom we have before spoke of, the chief in this plot, met him, and delivered him a letter from his master, wherein he challenged him to a dispute that day.

Being come to the chair, he gently told his adversaries, in a modest speech to them, "that he refused not to dispute

XIV.

"but that at that time he came to read, and not to dispute." CHAP. And so themselves yielding to it, he proceeded to his lecture which he performed with much constancy and un- Anno 1549. dauntedness, without the least disturbance of mind, or change of countenance or colour, or hesitation in his speech, notwithstanding the murmur and noise of the adversaries. Which got him much credit and applause.

66

As soon as he had done his reading, the adversaries began Declines it to make loud cries that he should dispute, and especially and why. at present, Smith the champion. But he modestly refused it, and said, "he would do it at another time, and that he was not then "prepared, because they had so studiously concealed the propositions to be disputed of, and had not propounded "them publicly, according to the accustomed manner; and "that he knew nothing of them till that very day." But they told him, "he could not be unprepared, who had read "so much of the Lord's supper, whatsoever arguments they "propounded in this matter." They still rudely urging him; he said, "he would do nothing in such a matter, without 200 “the King were first made privy to it, especially when the

66

manner;

66

the condi

thing tended to sedition. Moreover, for a lawful disputa"tion, it was requisite," he said, "that certain questions be "propounded, judges and moderators constituted; and pub"licnotaries be present, that might impartially and faithfully "write down the arguments and speeches on both sides." In fine, the matter came to that pass, that, fearing a tu- They mult, the Vicechancellor decided the controversy after this an "That both P. Martyr, and Smith, with some tions of a disputation, friends, should meet in his house, and should appoint "the propositions to be disputed of, the time, the order and "manner of disputation." And so the Vicechancellor, the beadle making him way, went to the pulpit where the professor was, and took him by the hand, and led him down through the crowds to his own house, his friends going along with him; and among the rest Sidal and Curtop, then vigorous defenders of the truth; but after, in Queen Mary's days, revolting. Smith also, and his friends Cole, Oglethorp, and three more, repaired to the Vicechancellor ; where it was agreed, after some jangling, that Martyr should observe the same order in confuting as he did in

BOOK teaching; and abstaining from strange, barbarous, and amII. biguous words, wont to be used in the schools: he said, he Anno 1549. would use only carnaliter and corporaliter, realiter and sub

stantialiter, because the Scripture useth only the words flesh and body, res or substantia. And so it was agreed; and the day set was the fourth of May ensuing. And it was agreed also on both sides, that all this whole matter should be signified to the council, that they might have cognizance of the thing. And by them the day of the disputation was appointed, when some from the King, as judges and keepers of peace, would be present at it. The Papists reported falsely, that he, having appointed the time of the disputation to be ten days hence; in the mean time got the magistrates acquainted with this affair, that they might stop and forbid it, (which they did indeed, proroguing it till some months after the first challenge.) And that afterwards, when the Professor saw his opportunity, he provoked to a public disputation, offering to dispute of his questions formerly propounded, and thought there would be none to take him up. For Smith, they say, smelt out some crafty device taken against him, and so appeared not at the dispute. And then indeed few thought convenient to be there, their plot of making a rout and confusion being spoiled. Indeed Smith, conscious to himself of making this tumult, fled before the day came, and went into Scotland. But Dr. Tresham, a zealous man, that this cause might not fall, was desirous to undertake the disputation; and did so, with Dr. Chedsey, and Mr. Morgan, before the King's visitors: who were Henry Bishop of Lincoln; Dr. Cox, Chancellor of that university; Dr. Simon Haines, Dean of Exeter; Richard Morison, Esquire; Christopher Nevison, doctor of civil law. Before these honourable umpires, (who came with the King's letters patents,) the disputation concerning transubstantiation, and the carnal presence in the sacrament, lasted four days; wherein P. Martyr the respondent did acquit himself very sufficiently, both from Scripture and Fathers. The sum of 201 which may be seen in Fox's Monuments, and the whole in Martyr's works, in that part thereof intituled, De Eucharistia Disputatio.

They dispute.

The first day of the disputation was May the 28th: